Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The childhood cancer survival rate is currently 75% in industrialized countries. Rates in developing countries are much lower. The Franco-African Childhood Cancer Group (French acronym, GFAOP) was founded in 2000 with aim of reducing this unfavorable situation in Africa. The GFAOP has developed two forms of action. The main form consists of organizing two- to twelve-month training sessions for physicians and nurses in France and Morocco. The other form involves assessing the feasibility of modern treatment protocols for various cancers in Africa. The first feasibility trials were carried out on nephroblastoma and Burkitt's lymphoma in 12 pilot units in North Africa, West Africa, and Madagascar. In the first study from 2001 to 2005 we treated 306 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma using French LMB protocols adapted to the African setting and achieved a survival rate of 61%. A second study started in 2005 using Endoxan alone achieved a highly satisfactory survival rate of 73% for neuroblastoma in all stages except bilateral. Altogether from 2001 to 2007 more than 1000 cases of nephroblastoma and Burkitt's lymphoma were treated in African hospitals by African doctors and nurses. No patients were transferred to Europe. The GFAOP supplied drugs when necessary and took care of most travel expenses. African and French doctors worked together on protocol design, trial management, and data analysis. These promising results show that the latest therapeutic techniques can be used to treat childhood cancer in Africa by adapting the protocol to conditions in developing countries. Sanofi-Aventis Laboratories in association with the International Union against Cancer has launched a major campaign to improve Pediatric Oncology in developing countries. Projects in four GFAOP units are being financed through this campaign. In 2006 the GFAOP began assessment of two new treatment protocols, i.e., one for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the other for Hodgkin's disease. Two other projects are being planned, i.e., one for treatment of retinoblastoma and the other for treatment of some types of brain tumors.
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PMID:[Treatment of childhood cancer in Africa. Action of the Franco-African childhood cancer group]. 1822 36

A 73-year-old woman was examined for palpable orbital masses behind the right upper eyelid and left lower eyelid leading to entropion. Hertel exophthalmometry readings were 6.0 mm in the right eye and 11.0 mm in the left eye with a base of 102 mm. MRI revealed bilateral hypointense orbital soft-tissue masses. Pathologic evaluation of incisional biopsy specimens revealed malignant tissue composed of diffuse, mitotically active, atypical large lymphoid cells positive for CD-20 with immunohistochemical staining, confirming the diagnosis of malignant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Systemic survey was negative for extraorbital involvement. After R-CHOP chemotherapy (Rituximab 375 mg/m2 intravenously, Cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 intravenously, Doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 intravenously, Vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 intravenously, Prednisolone 100 mg orally), Hertel measurements were 9.0 mm in the right eye and 11.0 mm in the left eye. The mass lesions were totally regressed in follow-up MRI. Although rare, non-Hodgkin lymphoma may present bilaterally as primary orbital lesions and can unexpectedly cause enophthalmos instead of proptosis.
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PMID:Bilateral simultaneous primary orbital lymphoma presenting with unilateral enophthalmos. 1835 23

We report a case of 78-year old man who presented with symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed the presence of bilateral adrenal masses. A CT-scan guided needle biopsy revealed diffuse large- B cell lymphoma. The absence of pathological findings in clinical, bone marrow and CT scan examinations supported the diagnosis of primary non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of the adrenal glands. The patient was treated with four cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy with Rituximab, liposomal Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine and Prednisolone. At the end of fourth cycle there was radiological improvement but the chemotherapy was stopped because of IV grade toxicity. He completed treatment with radiotherapy of right adrenal mass. Few days after finishing radiation therapy the patient died due to a disseminated infection. No progressive disease was founded.
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PMID:[Adrenal failure caused by primary adrenal non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature]. 1856 Jun 81

The evaluation of tongue swellings often represents a diagnostic challenge, because of the wide spectrum of benign and malignant possible lesions. We report a case of a patient presenting a tongue mass. An incisional biopsy was performed. Diagnosis of primary Mantle Cell non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the tongue was made by histological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic studies. Our patient was treated with Rituximab-Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicine, Vincristine, Prednisone polychemotherapy plus Rituximab as single agent maintenance. Complete remission was achieved and no relapse has occurred during a follow-up of 53 months. We emphasize the importance of including also NHL in differential diagnosis of a tongue mass.
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PMID:Primary mantle-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the tongue. 1862 1

Lymphomatous involvement of the airway causing stridor is a rare but frightening presentation of an eminently treatable condition. We describe a 24-year-old woman with tracheal non-Hodgkin lymphoma who was initially diagnosed with asthma, but subsequently presented with near-fatal acute upper airway obstruction because of a tracheal Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)+ anaplastic T-cell lymphoma. The obstructing tumor was extricated by means of rigid bronchoscopy. After six cycles of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisolone chemotherapy, the patient went into complete clinical remission. A high index of suspicion in patients with dyspnoea and wheeze unresponsive to bronchodilators is crucial in early diagnosis of tracheal tumors.
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PMID:Primary tracheal lymphoma causing respiratory failure. 1867 Mar 14

Endoxan (cyclophosphamide) is a cyclic propylene phosphamide ester of nitrogen mustard. Endoxan--main advantage of chemotherapy is complete penetration of the tissues, reaching the most widely spread malignant cells. It is one of the most useful cytotoxics available today. Endoxan is a "transport form" and as such it has a selective tumour affinity. Endoxan is used for active treatment of all neoplastic diseases of the reticulo-endothelial system, e.g. lymphomas, lymphosarcomas, reticular-sarcomas, Hodgkin's disease, chronic lymphatic leukaemias, multiple myelomas. In our experiments Endoxan is equivalent with mean therapeutic the concentration used in chemotherapy in tumours, we suppose that at these levels Endoxan interact with renal cells and probably induce or inhibits new generation of superoxide free forms in the same tissue. Endoxan was tested at renal supernatant and free enzyme model systems, for superoxide-scavenging and antioxidante activity. The ability of Endoxan to interact with the superoxide radical, to influence their generation and probably to change the levels of lipid peroxidation in model systems were investigated. The ability of Endoxane to affect Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in a renal supernatant was studied. The results show that Endoxan in a concentration range of 10(-4); 10(-5) M has small but significant effect. The values for the control samples without Endoxan, are compared. We found a dose-dependent superoxide-scavenging effect of the drug in xanthite/xanthine oxidase system for generation of superoxide. According to obtained results lndoxan could be used in insertion in a liposomes and this could impact lndoxan tissue penetration.
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PMID:Effects of endoxan on oxidative processes in model systems in vitro. 1892 76

The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoid cancer. The classical chemotherapy regimen given to these patients was the CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin or Adriamycin, Oncovin or Vincristine, Prednisone or Prednisolone), but recently rituximab with CHOP (R-CHOP) increased the number of cases responding to first line therapy. DLBCL classification identified three principle subgroups. The first one, named germinal centre B cell-like (GCB), responds to both CHOP and R-CHOP treatment and it is mainly characterised by the expression of markers like Bcl-6 and CD10. The second, the activated B-cell like (ABC), has a worse prognosis in comparison with GCB, and is mainly characterised by the expression of IRF-4, PRDM1 and NF-kappaB. It is interesting to notice that IRF-4 and PRDM1 are under the transcriptional control of NF-kappaB, whose high activation level is associated with a worse prognosis. The third one, mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is an uncommon subtype characteristically found in young females. Gene expression profiling suggests that this disease resembles Hodgkin lymphoma more than other types of DLBCL. The impact of rituximab on the outcome of patients with PMBCL has still not been fully assessed. It was seen that rituximab inhibits NF-kappaB pathway in vitro. However, the clinical significance of this finding is still unknown, because both ABC and GCB DLBCL show a significant improvement of overall survival after R-CHOP treatment. In this review, the NF-kappaB pathway is suggested as a target for new chemotherapy strategies based on the association of CHOP with molecules more effective than rituximab in this pathway inhibition.
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PMID:Recent prognostic factors in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma indicate NF-kappaB pathway as a target for new therapeutic strategies. 1902 Oct 48

This is a mono-institutional analysis of the clinical features, immunological and virological findings, and prognostic factors of patients with HIV infection and HHV-8-lymphoproliferative disorders. Patients with Multicentric Castleman Disease and HHV-8-related lymphoma diagnosed and treated from April 1987 to June 2004 were included in the study. HHV-8 and HIV plasma viral load, CD4+ count, hematologic parameters, and general wellbeing (performance status) were assessed at the onset of the diseases and analyzed in order to identify possible prognostic factors. Nine patients with Multicentric Castleman disease, and 16 with HHV-8-related lymphomas (13 primary effusion lymphomas and 3 solid lymphomas), were diagnosed and treated out of 327 HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Four patients with Multicentric Castleman disease received only antiretroviral drugs; 5 HAART plus oral etoposide. Nine patients with primary effusion lymphoma were treated with a CHOP-like regimen (Cyclophosphamide, Prednisone anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, Bleomycin, Etoposide) and HAART; 1 with etoposide and HAART, 1 with HAART alone. The patients with solid lymphoma underwent CHOP-like chemotherapy. Patients with Multicentric Castleman disease showed lower median values of HHV-8 viral load and longer overall survival compared with HHV-8-related lymphomas. Patients with viral load of HHV-8, >40,000 cp/ml had a significant shorter overall survival. In the univariate analysis, HHV-8-related lymphoma, HHV-8 viral load >40,000 cp/ml and performance status >2 were associated with an increased risk of death. Multivariate analysis confirmed the diagnosis of lymphoma as an independent predictor of shorter survival.
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PMID:Plasma HHV-8 viral load in HHV-8-related lymphoproliferative disorders associated with HIV infection. 1931 55

Recently, management of limited stage diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) is trending toward a low intensity chemotherapy approach. Since 1993 we have used a brief weekly (6 weeks) chemotherapy scheme (Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Bleomycin, Vincristine, and Prednisone = ACOP-B) followed by involved field radiotherapy in 207 consecutive patients with well defined localized DLCL without age limit (median 57 years, range 18-85). Treatment was completed as designed in 183 of 207 patients (88%). One hundred and ninety-nine patients (96%) achieved complete remission. At a median follow-up of 66 months 170 patients are alive (82%), 168 of them free of disease. Twenty-nine patients experienced relapse after achieving a complete remission. Kaplan-Meier, risk of relapse was 24% after 13 years. Thirty (14.5%) patients have died, 14 (6.8%) due to lymphoma progression, one due to regimen toxicity and 15 (7.2%) from other causes while remaining in complete remission. The probability of overall survival and event free survival at 13 years was 78% (95% CI 70-87%) and 63% (95% CI 50-75), respectively. Crude rate of secondary malignancy was 5.26 /1000 person-years. The ACOP-B regimen plus involved field radiotherapy is well tolerated both short and long term and is an effective chemotherapy scheme for very well defined limited stage aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas in all age categories.
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PMID:Long term outcome of localized aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with a short weekly chemotherapy regimen (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, vincristine, and prednisone) and involved field radiotherapy: result of a Gruppo Italiano Multiregionale per lo Studio dei Linfomi e Leucenie (GIMURELL) study. 1957 74

Primary female genital tract non Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare presentation for a common disease in the childhood, and its classification as primary extranodal lymphoma is still controversial. There are a few cases reported as a primary precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the female genital tract, but there is not any case reported as primary precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the ovary in childhood. Herein we describe a 16 years old young woman with bilateral ovarian tumors, paraaortic lymphoadenophaty and disseminate disease to the female genital tract including extension of the tumor to neighboring organs like the omentum and the appendix. Exploratory laparatomy were performed with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, hysterectomy, omentectomy, appendectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, pelvic washings and with biopsy of vaginal vault. The chemotherapy regimen comprised of CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin, Prednisone/Prednisolone) and methotrexate, 3 months later presents left facial hemiparesia follow by right facial hemiparesia, 7 months later presents more Central Nervous System (CNS) complications and apparently was complicated with acute lymphocitic leukemia and after 16 months from the diagnosis, following by a torpid evolution, the pacient finally died.
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PMID:[Systemic lymphoma cells with T precursor condition of extreme female genital tract. A case report and literature review]. 1968 71


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