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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The major components of untreated wood--cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin--have not been implicated as toxicants, but extractive substances, especially in heartwood, can be toxic. Decay-resistant woods are more likely to contain irritants or sensitizers than nondurable woods. Short-term exposures to certain wood dusts may result in asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, or allergic dermatitis, but long-term effects may include nasal cancer and Hodgkin's disease. Some thermophilic microorganisms found in wood are human pathogens, and septic splinters (chromomycosis) and inhalation of ascomycete spores from stored wood chips have been implicated in human illnesses. Reconstituted wood can contain formaldehyde resins, which pose health risks in enclosed humid areas. Pentachlorophenol (PCP)-treated wood is particularly toxic--short-term exposures to PCP-treating solutions can lead to aplastic anemia and mortality, while diseases such as Hodgkin's disease are associated with long-term exposures. Since much commercial lumber is dipped in PCP, the separation of the chronic effects of wood dust from PCP exposure is difficult. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)- and ammoniacal copper arsenite (ACA)-treated wood may leach arsenic. CCA-treated wood is potentially safer, since it contains the pentavalent arsenic, which is a common constituent in the environment. ACA contains the trivalent arsenic, which is more toxic.
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PMID:Health hazards of natural and introduced chemical components of boatbuilding woods. 390 39

Lymph node biopsy specimens from 76 cases of Hodgkin's disease, 23 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 19 reactive affections of lymph nodes were studied. Formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and post-formalin ammoniacal silver staining was used after BLACK and ANSLEY. The presence of basic protein accumulation in the cytoplasm of both Sternberg and Hodgkin cells was confirmed. To our knowledge it is the first report concerning the presence of these accumulations in the cytoplasma of atypical reticulum cells in Hodgkin's disease and in 3 of 7 cases of reactive follicular hyperplasia, in foreign body giant cells and in some lymphoblasts from 5 cases of Hodgkin's disease. The possibility of using the ammoniacal silver staining for identifying Sternberg cells is discussed. Also, it is proposed that when Sternberg cells are absent, the ammoniacal silver staining pattern of Hodgkin cells in an appropriate histological setting may be very indicative of Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Ammoniacal silver staining of lymph node cells. I. its potential value for the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. 619 36

The distribution of Bcl-2 oncoprotein was studied immunohistochemically in formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissue. The potential of Bcl-2 for the differential diagnosis of follicular lesions was emphasized, and the results on follicular lesions were correlated with those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. In hyperplastic lymphoid tissue, Bcl-2 reactivity was widespread, including germinal center surroundings, scattered cells within the germinal centers, and the T-cell areas in general. Distinctively negative lymphoid populations included the majority of germinal center cells, and the negative staining pattern was maintained in cases of florid hyperplasia. In contrast, follicular lymphoma cells were consistently Bcl-2 positive. The immunohistochemical Bcl-2 reactivity of lymphoma follicles correlated with the clonal PCR amplification pattern of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene; all Bcl-2-negative hyperplasias revealed a non-clonal pattern. Clusters of monocytoid B cells were Bcl-2 negative, whereas monocytoid B-cell lymphomas and closely related MALT lymphomas were positive. All other small cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-cell types showed nearly uniform Bcl-2 reactivity, whereas large cell B-cell lymphomas were variably positive (74%). In Hodgkin's cells, Bcl-2 reactivity was seen in the neoplastic populations of most cases of nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity types, whereas the L&H and Reed-Sternberg cells in lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease were negative in most cases. Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry thus appears very valuable in the differential diagnosis of follicular hyperplasia and neoplasia, and it may help to distinguish between reactive and neoplastic monocytoid B cells. However, Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry is not useful in the subtyping of B-cell lymphomas.
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PMID:Bcl-2 oncoprotein is widespread in lymphoid tissue and lymphomas but its differential expression in benign versus malignant follicles and monocytoid B-cell proliferations is of diagnostic value. 748 87

Jobs and exposures in woodwork may entail an elevated risk of lymphomas and leukemias. Exposures occurring in woodwork were scrutinized in a small industry-based case-referent study of four cases of Hodgkin's disease, eight cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 12 cases of leukemia, and 152 matched referents, all from the Finnish wood industry. Past exposures to wood dust, chlorophenols, terpenes, and engine exhaust, individually reconstructed through plant- and period-specific job exposure matrices, were unrelated to lymphoma/leukemia risk. Exposures to various solvents were associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.6 (95% confidence interval 1.0-32.0). The OR for formaldehyde was 2.5 (nonsignificant). The results are interpreted as providing limited evidence of the role of exposure to some as yet unidentified organic solvents in increasing the risk of malignant lymphomas. Formaldehyde may be another woodwork-related risk factor for some lymphomas, but the power of the study was too low for empirical confirmation of this possibility. Leukemias did not seem to be associated with any of the exposures studied.
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PMID:Malignant lymphomas and leukemias, and exposures in the wood industry: an industry-based case-referent study. 831 19

We have investigated the immunohistochemical expression of beta2-microglobulin and HLA-DR proteins in Hodgkin's disease (HD) in relation to the expression of the EBV-encoded EBER1-2 mRNAs and the LMP-1 protein. beta2-microglobulin is expressed in association with MHC-I molecules on most nucleated cells and HLA-DR belongs to the MHC-II molecules which are expressed mostly on antigen-presenting cells. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue from 39 cases of lymphonodal HD were stained by immunohistochemistry for beta2-microglobulin, HLA-DR and LMP-1 proteins and by RNA in situ hybridization for EBER1-2 mRNAs. beta2-microglobulin positive staining was found in Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells (HRS cells) in 18/39 cases of HD. HLA-DR positive staining was found in HRS cells in all cases of HD. EBER1-2 transcripts and LMP-1 protein were detected in HRS cells in 16/39 cases of HD. No correlation as found between the presence of EBER 1-2 transcripts or the LMP-1 protein and the detection of beta2-microglobulin and HLA-DR proteins in HD. Thus, EBV does not seem to use downregulation of MHC-I to avoid the T-cell cytotoxic immune response in HD. In addition, EBV does not seem to be the only factor responsible for the HLA-DR expression in HRS cells of HD, although it could participate in the induction of the expression of HLA-DR molecule in the EBV positive cases of HD.
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PMID:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II expression in Hodgkin's disease in relation to the presence of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). 868 36

An inconsistent association exists between EBV-LMP-1 and bcl-2 protein expression in Reed-Sternberg cells seen in Hodgkin's disease. In fact, many studies have concluded that there is no correlation between EBV-LMP and bcl-2 expression in Hodgkin's disease. We undertook an analysis of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders to explore the relationship between EBV-LMP and bcl-2 in Reed-Sternberg-like cells found in this condition, given the strong association between this disorder and EBV. Reed-Sternberg-like cells were found histologically in 11 of 28 cases of renal, heart and heart-lung post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies to EBV-LMP-1 and bcl-2 proteins. Reed-Sternberg-like cells in all 11 cases co-expressed EBV-LMP and bcl-2. A similar relationship was noted with large, mononuclear cells and occasional small lymphoid cells. The staining pattern seen with both antibodies was of similar intensity and both displayed cytoplasmic Golgi accentuation. In the setting of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Reed-Sternberg-like cells exhibit strong co-expression of EBV-LMP-1 and bcl-2 proteins, supporting a positive correlation between them. This is in contrast to the findings in Hodgkin's disease. The reason for this discrepancy may be due to the iatrogenic immunosuppression and resultant severe EBV infection, together with other cellular events.
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PMID:EBV latent membrane protein (LMP-1) and bcl-2 protein expression in Reed-Sternberg-like cells in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. 872 46

Mantle cell lymphoma (formerly known as intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma, diffuse centrocytic lymphoma, or diffuse small cleaved lymphoma) is one of the small cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma entities that is clinically more aggressive than small lymphocytic lymphoma, and needs to be separated from it. Mantle cell lymphoma is strongly associated with the t(11;14) chromosomal translocation that rearranges the bcl-1 oncogene (PRAD-1 gene) and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. In this study, we developed a nested polymerase chain reaction system to evaluate the t(11;14) translocation. The study material consisted of 10 mantle cell lymphomas fulfilling the criteria suggested by other authors (P. M. Banks et al. Surg Pathol 16:637, 1992). A novel nested polymerase chain reaction system was used to evaluate the bcl-1 breaks in the major translocation cluster using two successive polymerase chain reaction amplifications. This reaction yielded a background-free single product of the size of 200 to 300 base pairs in four of 10 mantle cell lymphomas. The identity of the product from the nested polymerase chain reaction was confirmed by Southern blotting followed by hybridization with a specific probe. The amplification products were also evaluated by Sst-I, Alu-I, Dde-I, and Ita-I restriction enzymes and showed different patterns of digestion reflecting individual differences between the MTC/ IgH junctions. A selection of other low-grade lymphomas, including lymphocytic, follicular, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia and 29 hyperplastic lymph nodes were negative. This nested polymerase chain reaction system for the t(11;14) translocation involving major translocation cluster offers a convenient specific identification for mantle cell lymphoma. However, this test has a limited diagnostic power because only about half of the mantle cell lymphomas show the bcl-1 breaks in the major translocation cluster. The test performs well in formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded material, allowing the study of large numbers of retrospective cases of mantle cell lymphomas.
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PMID:Molecular diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma in paraffin-embedded tissue. 872 72

We report a novel strategy, called end-product (EP) amplification, capable of enhancing the sensitivity of immunohistochemical procedures by about an order of magnitude or more. The strategy employs an antibody (anti-EP) to the product generated by the action of horseradish peroxidase on 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), and can be extended to the products of other enzymes as well, e.g., alkaline phosphatase. Amplification is the consequence of the ability of anti-EP to detect the multiplicity of product moelcules resulting from the turnover of substrate by a single enzyme molecule. The subsequent detection of anti-EP was by biotinylated goat anti-rabbit antibody, followed by avidin-peroxidase and DAB or by avidin-alkaline phosphatase and Vector Red. Further amplification can be accomplished by repeated cycles of the protocol. Anti-EP was produced by immunization with a bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate of a soluble polymer of DAB, prepared by a carefully controlled reaction of DAB with horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Coupling to BSA (and to RSA) was accomplished with glutaraldehyde. The titer of anti-EP was established by ELISA. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of five cases of Hodgkin's disease and five tonsils with follicular hyperplasia were immunolabeled for the following lymphoid markers: CD3, CD20, CD30, CD45RA, and CD68. EP amplification with anti-EP was also applied to cases of CMV pneumonia and cerebral toxoplasmosis to determine whether this procedure could improve detection of the infectious agents. Immunolabeling of the primary antibody was performed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique with DAB as the reaction substrate. The specificity of EP amplification was tested by demonstrating binding of anti-EP with Vector Red with the generation of a fluorescence end-point. There was complete congruence in the distribution of the DAB signal and the red immunofluorescence representing EP amplification. The intensity of the DAB signal was increased as much as 16-fold by EP amplification, making possible a reduction in the amount of the primary antibody by as much as 85-90%. Sensitivity also increased with respect to weakly expressed antigens and low concentrations of infectious agents.
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PMID:A strategy for immunohistochemical signal enhancement by end-product amplification. 875 54

Epidemiologic studies have implicated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the great majority (80%-100%) of Hodgkin disease (HD) cases in South American countries, versus only 30%-40% in the United States and other industrialized countries. Other EBV-related malignancies are known to be geographically localized, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma in south China and Burkitt lymphoma in equatorial Africa. Some studies, however, have suggested that age and histiotype, rather than geographic region, are the major determinants of the association between EBV and HD. To further characterize this relationship in children, we matched 26 cases of pediatric Hodgkin disease from south Brazil and 26 cases from the U.S.-forhistiotype and age. The Brazilian children (22 males, 4 females) had a median age of 9 years, while the median age of the U.S. group (11 males, 15 females) was 7.5 years. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy material was examined for EBV early RNA1 (EBER1) expression by in situ hybridization. This antigen was detected solely in Reed-Sternberg cells or their variants in positive samples. The same proportion of cases was positive (15/26 or 58%) in both groups of children. After adjustment for histiotype and age, the association between EBV and HD remained independent of geographic location, but was more frequent in children aged < or = 10 years at diagnosis. These findings support the multiple-etiology hypothesis for Hodgkin disease.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus in pediatric Hodgkin disease: age and histiotype are more predictive than geographic region. 907 20

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are common in Japanese children, with infectious by EBV type 1. The relationships between EBV infection and lymphadenopathies in Hodgkin's disease (HD), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), reactive follicular hyperplasia (RFH), and infectious mononucleosis (IM) in 37 Japanese children were evaluated. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node specimens that were obtained at surgical resection or biopsy were evaluated for the presence of EBV DNA and the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. The PCR detected EBV DNA in nine of 13 (69.2%) patients with RFH, including a case of IM, all three (100%) patients with HD, and one of 21 (4.8%) patients with NHL. All EBV-positive samples contained EBV type 1. Reed-Sternberg's cells in HD were immunohistochemically positive for LMP-1, whereas all cases of RFH and NHL were negative for LMP-1. Results suggest that EBV infection may be related to HD. Although no proof exists that EBV infection contributes to the transformation of cells, thus causing RFH or NHL, the present authors suggest that the EBV-positive cases in Japanese children demonstrate a relationship between the clinical and histopathological features of the lymphadenopathy and EBV-type 1 infection.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus infection, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and reactive follicular hyperplasia in Japanese children: evaluation of paraffin-embedded specimens using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. 914 Dec 47


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