Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Postradiation sarcoma is a rare late complication of external radiotherapy. We herein present two cases with this disease. A 54-year-old man had undergone a lobectomy and chest wall resection for Pancoast type lung cancer 7 years previously. He had undergone irradiation with a total dose of 50 Gy. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a tumorous expansion of the right lateral thoracic wall. A pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of osteosarcoma. A 60-year-old woman had undergone a resection of the lateral chest wall mass, which was diagnosed to be Hodgkin's disease in 1991. Chemotherapy was given postoperatively. A tumorous lesion arose again and irradiation was performed with a total dose of 110 Gy. In 2000, two tumors appeared in the irradiation field. A pathological examination showed a sarcoma with divergent differentiation. In 2003, a tumor recurred and was diagnosed to be a liposarcoma. Patients who have received radiotherapy should therefore be followed up while taking into consideration the possible development of postradiation sarcoma.
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PMID:Postradiation sarcoma of the chest wall: report of two cases. 1712 40

An unknown proportion of formalin-inactivated poliovirus vaccine lots administered to millions of US residents between 1955 and 1963 was contaminated with small amounts of infectious simian virus 40 (SV40), a polyomavirus of the rhesus macaque. It has been reported that mesothelioma, brain tumors, osteosarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) contain SV40 DNA sequences and that SV40 infection introduced into humans by the vaccine probably contributed to the development of these cancers. The Immunization Safety Review Committee of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reviewed this topic in 2002. The present review of recent studies showed that the earlier results describing the recovery of SV40 DNA sequences from a large proportion of the above tumors were not reproducible and that most studies were negative. Contamination with laboratory plasmids was identified as a possible source of false positive results in some previous studies. The low-level immunoreactivity of human sera to SV40 was very likely the result of cross-reactivity with antibodies to the SV40-related human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV, rather than of authentic SV40 infection. SV40 sero-reactivity in patients with the suspect tumors was no greater than that in controls. In epidemiologic studies, the increased incidence of some of the suspect tumors in the 1970s to 1980s was not related to the risk of exposure to SV40-contaminated vaccines. In summary, the most recent evidence does not support the notion that SV40 contributed to the development of human cancers.
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PMID:SV40 and human cancer: a review of recent data. 1713 33

International patterns of childhood cancer incidence are well documented but equivalent information relating to adolescence is scarce. This article synthesizes international data on cancer in adolescents from population based cancer registries. Total incidence ranged from 95 to 255 per million person years in the series studied. The highest rates were in Australia and among Jews in Israel and the lowest in India and Japan. Lymphomas were the most frequent cancers in western industrialised countries of the northern hemisphere and in the Middle East, and occurred in substantial numbers in all other regions. Hodgkin lymphoma outnumbered non-Hodgkin in western industrialised countries but was relatively rare in most developing countries and in Japan. Leukaemias were the most frequent diagnostic group in India, East Asia and Latin America. Melanoma was the commonest cancer of adolescents in Australia and New Zealand and moderately frequent in many other predominantly white populations but rarely seen elsewhere. Kaposi sarcoma was the most frequent cancer in both sub-Saharan African series studied. The highest rates for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were in Algeria and Hong Kong and for liver carcinoma in Hong Kong and sub-Saharan Africa. Testicular germ cell tumours were relatively frequent in predominantly white populations. Central nervous system tumours and thyroid carcinoma were most often registered in countries with higher standard of living. Osteosarcoma was moderately frequent almost everywhere. Characteristic embryonal tumours of childhood and the most common carcinomas of adulthood were rarely seen. Only osteosarcoma, ovarian germ cell tumours and, in some populations, nasopharyngeal carcinoma have their highest incidence at age 15-19 years. Total cancer incidence was higher in adolescent males than females, but there was often a female excess in melanoma and thyroid carcinoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma was at least as frequent among females as males in several countries with relatively high incidence. More complete delineation of worldwide patterns of cancer in adolescence would be facilitated by availability of more data classified in a standard way to take account of morphology.
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PMID:International patterns of cancer incidence in adolescents. 1732 31

Malignancies are rare young French adults but represent the third significant cause of death in the cohort of 15-24 years of age. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and survival rates of French adolescents and young adults with cancer. All cases of cancer occuring over a 20-year period (1978-1997) in the cohort of patients aged 15 to 24, were obtained from nine population-based registries (10 % of the French population). Basal cell carcinomas of the skin were excluded. 1161 and 1884 cases were recorded in adolescents and young adults, respectively. Overall incidence rates (IR) were 161.4/10(6) in adolescents aged 15-19 years (M/F ratio = 1.3), and 252.6/10(6) in young adults aged 20-24 years (M/F ratio : 1.2). During the 1978-97 period, the IRs appeared stable over the years, +0.4 % [CI95 % = -2.3 ; +3.1] (p = 0.79) for adolescents and +1.7 % [CI95 % = -4.0 ; +7.3] (p = 0.57) for young adults. Five-year overall survival rates were 69.1 % [CI95 % = 66.4-71.8] for adolescents and 74.5 % [CI95 % = 72.3-76.7] for young adults. The 5-year survival rate for patients 15-24 years improved from 62.0 % (CI95 % = 57.5-66.5) in 1978-82 to 80.2 % (IC95 % = 77.7-82.8) in 1993-97. Noteworthy, results in adolescents and young adults are poor compared to the ones from their younger counterparts, especially in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and astrocytoma. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether these differences are due to intrinsic biological properties of the tumor or to differences in clinical practices in the two populations.
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PMID:[Cancer incidence and survival among adolescents and young adults in France (1978-1997)]. 1744 35

This study highlights the rare presentation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma as primary bone and soft tissue tumour. Twelve cases were studied. Clinical impression was non Hodgkin's lymphoma in 4 cases, sarcoma in 6 (osteosarcoma-2, Ewing's/primitive neuroectodermal tumour-1, and sarcoma NOS-3), and tuberculosis of thoracic spine in 1 and the last case involving the rib had a differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and NHL. Histology revealed round cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei. Immunohistochemically all tumours were CD30 positive and 8 of 9 cases (88.9%) showed ALK-1 positivity. The pleomorphic cytomorphology ofALCL leads to confusion with the more frequent bone and soft tissue sarcomas affecting the musculoskeletal system. A high index of suspicion is necessary to initiate the correct panel of immunohistochemical markers to first confirm the lymphomatous nature of this tumour and to subsequently subclassify. This alone will lead to an accurate recognition of ALCL and the appropriate chemotherapy.
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PMID:Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) presenting as primary bone and soft tissue sarcoma--a study of 12 cases. 1788 51

Four women were referred to the department ofGynaecology for fertility preservation. A 33-year-old nulliparous woman with breast cancer stage pT1cN0M0 underwent an IVF-ICSI cycle; five embryos were frozen. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) because of BRCA2 gene mutation carriage was not carried out and more recently follow-up oocyte donation options are being considered. A second, 32-year-old nulliparous woman with breast cancer stage pT2N1M0 underwent an IVF cycle; seven embryos were frozen. The third patient was a 14-year-old girl with osteosarcoma of the distal femur, who underwent a laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy, one day after referral, and cortical tissue was frozen. The fourth patient was a 33-year-old nulliparous woman without partner, with non-Hodgkin lymphoma stage IIA. She underwent laparoscopic ovariectomy and cortical tissue was frozen. Infertility due to cancer treatment and fertility preservation options should be discussed early in treatment planning. Patients' expectations and fertility preservation limitations are important to consider. Fertility preservation options can be conducted in specialised hospitals under institutional review board approval. It still has an experimental status.
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PMID:[Fertility preservation in female oncology patients]. 1905 96

As the cure rates for haematological malignancies have improved, the exploration of the balance between efficacy and side effects has become a major research target. The antifolate methotrexate is widely used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and osteosarcoma. Even when given identical methotrexate doses, patients vary significantly in their response and pattern of toxicities. This diversity can, to some extent, be linked to sequence variations in genes involved in drug absorption, metabolism, excretion, cellular transport, and effector targets or target pathways. In the coming years pharmacogenomics is expected to change our approaches to individualised therapy with methotrexate. However, genetic polymorphisms affect the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of all the drugs a patient receive as well as the normal tissues tolerance to a given drug exposure. Thus, although high-throughput techniques will allow mapping of tens of thousands of genetic polymorphisms in one run, it will be a major challenge to dissect out which of these have the strongest impact on efficacy and toxicity and hence should be the targets for intervention. This paper discusses the pharmacology of methotrexate and reviews studies on haematological malignancies that have attempted to predict the risk of toxicity by specific clinical or genetic features.
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PMID:Advances in individual prediction of methotrexate toxicity: a review. 1953 30

Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) is a long-term complication of pediatric cancer. We retrospectively studied pediatric t-MDS/AML patients treated at MD Anderson from 1975 to 2007. We also compared those patients to pediatric patients with de novo MDS/AML during this time interval. Among 2589 children with cancer treated at MD Anderson, we identified 22 patients with t-MDS/AML. Patients with t-MDS/AML had a median age of 14 years. There was a male and Hispanic predominance. The most common primary malignancies were osteosarcoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. The median latency period was 4.1 years. Three patients received supportive care only. Group 1 (n=5) underwent stem cell transplantation without induction chemotherapy. Group 2 (n=5) patients received AML-type chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant postremission (n=5). Group 3 (n=4) received a stem cell transplant as salvage therapy. The respective 2-year survival rates for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 20%, 40%, and 25% (P=0.85). Patients with de novo AML were younger (P=0.001) and higher rates of complete remission (P=0.03), and survival (P<0.0001). Independent factors predicting shorter survival were poor/intermediate-risk cytogenetics (P=0.01), lower hemoglobin level (P=0.0001), and t-MDS/AML (vs. de novo) (P=0.003). Childhood t-MDS/AML has a poor prognosis. Although patients benefited from AML-type induction chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplantation as postremission therapy, effective therapies, and prevention are needed.
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PMID:Pediatric therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia: the MD Anderson Cancer Center experience. 1980 47

Secondary osteosarcoma arising after the treatment of hematologic malignancies other than Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare. We report two cases of secondary osteosarcoma arising after treatment for childhood hematologic malignancies (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphoblastic leukemia). A 10-year-old boy, at the age of 3, was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He received chemotherapy, radiation, and bone-marrow transplantation and then was in complete remission. At 6 years, he complained of increasing pain of the right thigh and was diagnosed with osteoblastic osteosarcoma. A 26-year-old man, at the age of 6, was diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). He received chemotherapy, radiation, and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). At 11 years after PBSCT, he visited with the complaint of left lumbar swelling. He was diagnosed with chondroblastic osteosarcoma. In both cases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) had already increased prior to the onset of the symptom. We should rule out secondary osteosarcoma at the abnormal elevation of ALP during clinical follow-up of patients after treatment of childhood hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:Secondary osteosarcoma arising after treatment for childhood hematologic malignancies. 1996 Dec 70

There are few studies on oral-maxillary lesions in children and adolescents, and reports on malignant neoplasms are scarce. Comparison of available data is difficult due to the different criteria and racial-ethnic origin of the populations in each study. The aim of this work was to perform a retrospective study of malignant oral neoplasms in patients aged up to 20 years diagnosed at a center specialized in histopathological diagnosis of oral diseases between 1990 and 2005. The 24 retrieved cases accounted for 0.9% (n: 2434) of total biopsies in this age group during that period, and for 8.4% (n: 236) of the tumors. Mean age of the whole population was 9.2 years with even distribution according to sex. The most frequent tumor types were extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (7 cases), osteosarcoma (4 cases) and Ewing sarcoma (3 cases). These data can be considered representative of our population of children and adolescents and serve as a basis for recognition and presumptive diagnosis in clinical practice.
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PMID:Malignant oral-maxillary neoplasm in children and adolescents. A retrospective analysis from the biopsy service at a school of dentistry in Argentina. 2030 24


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