Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The surveillance, epidemiology, and end-results (SEER) data on 5-year relative survival rates (1973-1987) for the most common pediatric tumors (ages 0-14) were analyzed. The SEER data are population based, so the observed progress in survival from childhood cancer represents the real impact that development in cancer treatment had on the population followed by the registry. The greatest increase in survival rate from 1973 until 1987 has been achieved in hematopoietic tumors such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), in which survival increased from 47.6% (1973-1977) to 60.8% (1983-1987), and Burkitt's lymphoma in which survival increased from 27.6% (1973-1977) to 68.7% (1983-1987). Solid tumors showed a less steep, but steady increase in survival rates. Flattening in the survival rates since 1978-1982 has been observed for acute leukemia, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, and osteosarcoma. Females have better survival rates for most pediatric tumors, except Hodgkin's disease. Analysis of race of childhood leukemia confirmed that black children have worse survival than white. When solid tumors were analyzed by stage at presentation, there was no indication that diagnosis in earlier stages of disease accounted for the improved survival. Observed flattening in the survival rates since 1978-1982 of leukemia and some solid tumors warrants further follow-up.
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PMID:U.S. childhood cancer survival, 1973-1987. 793 74

Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured in serum samples taken at diagnosis from pediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease (n = 69), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 28), Wilms' tumor (n = 20), osteosarcoma (n = 17), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 18), or Ewing's sarcoma (n = 15). Median levels of serum ICAM-1 were significantly higher in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease than in controls and other malignancies. Levels were positively correlated with disease stage for patients with Hodgkin's disease, Ewing's sarcoma or Wilms' tumor, and with the frequency of relapse in Hodgkin's disease (P = .016). Serum levels were normal in all of 76 patients tested in remission. It remains to be determined whether increased serum ICAM-1 levels simply reflect a greater tumor burden or whether this molecule contributes directly to the progression of childhood malignancies.
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PMID:Serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in childhood malignancy. 810 31

Alkaline phosphatase solubilized from a human Hodgkin's lymphoma cell line (L428) was compared with purified amphiphilic and hydrophilic forms of the enzyme from human liver, and with the enzyme solubilized from a cultured osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2). Purified hydrophilic alkaline phosphatases from human placenta and intestine were also compared in some experiments. Alkaline phosphatase was released from the plasma membrane of intact lymphocytes by phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C and thus is anchored to the outside of the plasma membrane by covalently attached phosphatidylinositol. Enzyme released in this way was hydrophilic and that solubilized with Triton X-100 was amphiphilic, as assessed by adsorption to octyl-Sepharose. Lymphocyte alkaline phosphatase, when released from the membrane by phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C or solubilized by Triton X-100, had apparent M(r) values on gradient gel electrophoresis of 227 and 494 kDa, respectively. These values were consistently higher than equivalent ones obtained with enzymes purified from human liver, but were similar to those of cultured osteosarcoma cells. Isoenzyme-specific inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase showed similar patterns of inhibition between the enzyme from L428 cells and the tissue-nonspecific (liver/kidney/bone) isoenzyme from human liver. Heat stabilities were similar for the enzymes from L428 and Saos-2 (bone isoform) cell lines, but differed significantly from those of liver, intestine and placenta. We conclude that the alkaline phosphatase expressed in this lymphoma cell line (L428) has properties that most closely resemble those of the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme found normally in osteoblasts of bone (bone isoform).
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PMID:Characterization of the alkaline phosphatase expressed on the surface of a Hodgkin's lymphoma cell line. 819 73

As the cure rate for childhood malignancies increases, the number of patients at risk for development of second malignancies also increases. Due to the potentially long remaining life span, long-term follow-up is difficult and patients are often at risk after presumptive cures. Some authors believe that cure rates for second malignancies are similar to cure rates for primary malignancies. We reviewed the records of 162 patients seen at our institution who had developed a second malignancy after treatment for childhood cancer. Presentation, age at diagnosis, tumor histology, extent of tumor, treatment (including radiotherapy with dosage when available, and chemotherapy) plus outcome were recorded. Mean age at diagnosis of the primary malignancy was 10.3 years. The most common primary malignancy was Hodgkin's disease (33) followed by soft tissue sarcoma (28), retinoblastoma (20), bone tumor (17), central nervous system (CNS) tumor (13), leukemia (8), Wilms' tumor (7), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6), neuroblastoma (5), thyroid neoplasm (5), and others (20). The average interval between diagnosis of the first and second malignancy was 10.8 years. These second tumors carried a high mortality. Only 56 patients have no evidence of disease. Five patients are known to be alive with disease and 92 patients have expired due to their second malignancy. Disease status in 8 patients is unknown. The most common second malignancy was osteosarcoma (35) followed by soft tissue sarcoma (24), breast cancer (15), leukemia (14), thyroid carcinoma (14), CNS tumors (12), melanoma (8), nonmelanomatous skin cancer (8), lymphoma (5), and others (27).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Forty-year experience with second malignancies after treatment of childhood cancer: analysis of outcome following the development of the second malignancy. 826 99

This study was aimed at investigating the value of CT and MRI in the staging of sinonasal tumors. The authors report 22 cases of sinonasal tumors: 7 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 adenoid-cystic carcinomas, 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 6 adenocarcinomas, 1 esthesioneuroblastoma, 1 osteosarcoma, 1 small-cell sarcoma and finally 1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma. No significant differences were observed between CT and MR staging: 2 T2 and 15 T4 lesions were diagnosed in the maxillary sinuses and 3 stage-II and 1 stage-III lesions in the naso-ethmoidal region. Tumor spread was similar in 20/22 cases: MRI excluded the involvement of maxillary and sphenoid sinuses in 2 cases. CT was superior in the assessment of bone destruction particularly at the base of the skull, but MRI better demonstrated intracranial spread. MRI detailed the intraorbital muscles and, in the infratemporal fossa, the pterygoid muscles better than CT. High agreement was observed between CT and histology in 5/7 cases and between MRI and histology in 6/7 cases undergoing craniofacial resection. Seventeen of 22 cases had low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted, PD and T2-weighted MR images. Signal was hyperintense in 5 cases: 1 adenocarcinoma with mucinous features, 3 adenoid-cystic carcinomas and 1 esthesioneuroblastoma. In agreement with literature data, this study confirms CT as the examination of choice in staging sinonasal tumors: nonetheless, MRI yields valuable information in the cases with tumor spread to the muscles and soft tissues.
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PMID:[Definition of the T parameter in nasosinusal neoplasms: a CT-MR comparison]. 834 61

Serum levels of interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) were determined in children with newly diagnosed Hodgkin disease (n = 68), Wilms tumor (n = 20), osteosarcoma (n = 18), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 18), or Ewing sarcoma (n = 15). Measurements of soluble IL2R were positively correlated with disease stage in Hodgkin disease but not in other tumors. Very high levels of soluble IL2R (> or = 5000 U/ml) were significantly associated with a poorer treatment outcome in Hodgkin disease (p = 0.006) and retained significance in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.03). The addition of soluble IL2R measurements to existing prognostic models may improve risk assignment in children with Hodgkin disease.
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PMID:Serum interleukin-2 receptor levels in Hodgkin disease and other solid tumors of childhood. 839 83

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA), well known in adults, is rarely encountered in children. The clinical features include clubbing of the fingers and toes, arthritis, and a sometimes painful ossifying periostitis of the tubular bones. Apart from a hereditary form (primary HOA), most of the cases encountered in children are secondary and associated with conditions such as chronic suppurative lung processes (e.g., cystic fibrosis), congenital heart disease, biliary atresia, and polyposis coli. The association with malignant disorders, which is relatively common in adults, is very rare in children. In 1986 the authors published a case report of a patient with carcinoma of the nasopharynx who developed HOA. Another similar patient has been encountered. In both, the appearance of HOA was associated with a very poor prognosis. A meticulous research of the literature from 1890 to 1990 revealed only 24 children (19 boys, 5 girls) under the age of 18, with malignancy and associated HOA. Among them were 10 patients with a carcinoma of the nasopharynx, 8 with osteosarcoma, 3 with Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 with a periosteal sarcoma, 1 with mesothelioma of the pleura, and 1 with carcinoma of the thymus. In five patients with HOA, there were no abnormalities of the lungs, mediastinum, or pleura, and none developed during the course of the disease. Many authors mention the predictive value of HOA, especially in association with malignant tumors. In contrast to suppurative processes in the lungs, in those with neoplastic disease involving the chest, HOA may precede pulmonary symptoms by 1-18 months. A striking feature of HOA in these instances is the reversibility of the complaints after successful treatment of the disorder of the chest, both in benign and malignant conditions. The present case is the second reported by the authors and the first description of a girl with carcinoma of the nasopharynx developing HOA.
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PMID:Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in childhood malignancy. 841 3

In this study of cancer in offspring we demonstrate that factors linked to horticulture and use of pesticides are associated with cancer at an early age, whereas factors in animal husbandry, in particular poultry farming, are associated with cancers in later childhood and young adulthood. Incident cancer was investigated in offspring born in 1952-1991 to parents identified as farm holders in agricultural censuses in Norway in 1969-1989. In the follow-up of 323,292 offspring for 5.7 million person-years, 1,275 incident cancers were identified in the Cancer Registry for 1965-1991. The standardized incidence for all cancers was equal to the total rural population of Norway, but cohort subjects had an excess incidence of nervous-system tumours and testicular cancers in certain regions and strata of time that could imply that specific risk factors were of importance. Classification of exposure indicators was based on information given at the agricultural censuses. Risk factors were found for brain tumours, in particular non-astrocytic neuroepithelial tumours: for all ages, pig farming tripled the risk [rate ratio (RR), 3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.89-5.13]; indicators of pesticide use had an independent effect of the same magnitude in a dose-response fashion, strongest in children aged 0 to 14 years (RR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.63-6.94). Horticulture and pesticide indicators were associated with all cancers at ages 0 to 4 years, Wilms' tumour, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, eye cancer and neuroblastoma. Chicken farming was associated with some common cancers of adolescence, and was strongest for osteosarcoma and mixed cellular type of Hodgkin's disease. The main problem in this large cohort study is the crude exposure indicators available; the resulting misclassification is likely to bias any true association towards unity.
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PMID:Cancer in offspring of parents engaged in agricultural activities in Norway: incidence and risk factors in the farm environment. 854 94

We undertook a family study of children treated at the Institute Gustave-Roussy in France to investigate a familial aggregation of cancer in the families of children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We obtained family dat for 284 children with NHL. Using the Standardized Incidence Ratio, we compared the observed and expected number of families with at least one proband relative affected by cancer at a young age (before 46 years). We found a small but non-significant excess of all tumors in first-degree relatives (SIR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.7-2.3) explained by a small but non-significant excess of hematological malignancies (SIR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.2-5.5), particularly Hodgkin's disease and leukemia, and of osteosarcoma (SIR = 7.5, 95% CI = 0.1-41.4). This is probably a lower bound of the SIR, because the expected number of families was estimated from cancer incidence in France between 1978 and 1982, whereas most cancers occurred before this period. Other tumors were not in excess in first-degree relatives.
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PMID:Cancers in relatives of children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 862 18

In cancer chemotherapy, routine monitoring of drug concentrations has been practical only for methotrexate (MTX). The primary setting for pharmacokinetic monitoring of MTX is its use in high doses (HDMTX) for adjuvant therapy of osteosarcoma, for single-agent treatment of intracranial lymphomas, and in combination therapy of childhood leukemia as well as adult and pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Typically, HDMTX is infused in doses of 3-15 g/m2 over a period of 6-24 h. Precautions must be taken to ensure a high urine flow and an alkaline urine pH, so as to prevent precipitation of MTX in urine. Patients with decreased renal function, advanced in age, and taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or nephrotoxic agents are at increased risk of developing renal dysfunction during MTX infusion, thus being placed at high risk for toxicity. At the end of HDMTX infusion, and periodically thereafter for 24-48 h, drug concentrations are measured to assure that the disappearance rate of MTX from plasma is occurring at a normal rate. Also, at the end of HDMTX infusion, the patient is given leucovorin (5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid; LV), which replenishes intracellular stores of reduced folate and attenuates the toxicity secondary to HDMTX. In the presence of inappropriately high concentrations of MTX, routine doses of LV will be ineffective; the dose of LV required must be increased in proportion to the MTX concentration it faces in plasma. In practice, routine monitoring of plasma MTX concentrations allows early detection of abnormal clearance, as well as institution of early and effective countermeasures, including the use of increased and prolonged LV rescue.
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PMID:Concepts in use of high-dose methotrexate therapy. 869 6


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