Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) show genotypic features of germinal centre-derived B-cells in most cases. Nevertheless, these cells typically lack expression of B-cell antigens. Previous studies have suggested that plasma cell differentiation may occur in HRS cells and that this may account for the down-regulation of B-cell antigens. However, these results are controversial. We have addressed this question using immunohistochemistry and a panel of antibodies directed against antigens which are differentially expressed during terminal B-cell differentiation. Pax-5, a transcription factor required for B-lineage commitment, and IRF4/Mum1, which is physiologically expressed in germinal centre cells and plasma cells, were consistently detectable in HRS cells. Bcl-6, a transcription factor expressed in germinal centre B-cells, was present in HRS cells of approximately 25% of cHL cases. Expression of the B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), a key regulator of plasma cell differentiation, was observed in HRS cells of 23% of cHL cases. In these cases, Blimp-1 expression was restricted to a small proportion of HRS cells. HRS cells were consistently negative for the plasma cell marker CD138. These results suggest that plasma cell differentiation may be initiated in a small subset of HRS cells but remains abortive. Thus, terminal differentiation is unlikely to explain the lack of B-cell antigen expression in HRS cells.
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PMID:Evidence of abortive plasma cell differentiation in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. 1634 98

The bcl6/CD10/MUM1/CD138 B-cell differentiation immunophenotypes were analysed in 101 cases of classical Hodgkin lymphomas (cHL) aiming to elucidate their histogenesis. Three major bcl6/CD10/MUM1/CD138 immunophenotypes were distinguished on the basis of the immunohistochemical positivity of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells: (a) the late germinal center (GC)/early post-GC B-cell-like immunophenotype (bcl6-/CD10-/MUM1+/CD138-); 59/101 cases (59%), (b) the post-GC B-cell-like immunophenotype (bcl6-/CD10-/MUM1+/CD138+); 24/101 cases (24%) and (c) the indeterminate immunophenotype (bcl6+/CD10-/MUM1+/CD138-: 14 cases and bcl6+/CD10-/MUM1+/CD138+: four cases); 18/101 cases (18%). The above findings indicate that H/RS cells in most cHL display bcl6/CD10/MUM1/CD138 immunophenotypes consistent with late GC/early post-GC or post-GC B-cell differentiation. In addition, H/RS cells in a small fraction of cHL display indeterminate bcl6/CD10/MUM1/CD138 immunophenotypic profiles which are characterized by simultaneous expression of GC, late GC/early post-GC and post-GC B-cell differentiation proteins. These immunophenotypic profiles do not correspond to the differentiation immunophenotypes of normal B-cells and their identification in a part of cHL suggests that the differentiation process of H/RS cells is not complete in a fraction of these cells and/or is still ongoing at the time of observation.
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PMID:B-cell differentiation immunophenotypes in classical Hodgkin lymphomas. 1639 74

Plasmablastic lymphoma was originally described in 1997 by Delecluse et al. and is an aggressive variant of diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma seen predominantly in a setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and nearly always in extranodal sites. The authors have seen 10 cases in their department between 2001 and 2005. The patients' ages ranged from 24 to 39 years and there were 7 females and 3 males. In 7 cases where human immunodeficiency virus had been tested it was positive. Eight cases were extranodal and 2 cases involved lymph nodes. Five cases were followed up and 4 were confirmed dead within 5 months of diagnosis, verifying the aggressive nature of this condition. Histology showed large, polygonal tumor cells some of which had a slightly plasmacytic appearance. Six cases had a "starry sky" background. Immunohistochemical stains were negative in 1 case, while the other 9 cases were positive for CD138. Electron microscopy showed concentrically arranged rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm in 9 cases. In 1 case the cells were too degenerate for evaluation. This study shows that the ultrastructural features are well developed and can help in distinguishing plasmablastic lymphoma from other light microscopically undifferentiated tumors.
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PMID:The ultrastructural features of plasmablastic lymphoma. 1718 35

The most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Uganda are neoplasms of B-cell derivation. The field of B-cell lymphoma immunophenotype has rapidly progressed because of the increasing availability of markers applicable to routine sections. Although the latter have allowed the identification of distinctive lymphoma entities in the developed countries, such approach has not yet been used in Uganda. One hundred twenty-nine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from the Department of Pathology of Makerere University were used for tissue micro-array (TMA) construction. Four-micrometer-thick sections were cut from TMAs and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa. They were also used for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. According to morphology and immunohistochemistry, lymphoid neoplasms were classified as Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) (95 cases), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (19 cases), mantle cell lymphoma (4 cases), and B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (1 case). In BL, a homogeneous phenotype (CD10(+), Bcl-6(+), Bcl-2(-), MUM1/IRF4-, and Ki-67 approximately 100%) and a stable Epstein-Barr virus integration were found. A distinctive and unusual feature was the frequent plasma cellular differentiation, along with the positivity for CD30 and CD138 (recorded in 35 and 43 cases, respectively). According to our findings, most non-Hodgkin B-cell tumors in Uganda are endemic BLs followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. The rest consist of rare but clinically important entities such as mantle cell lymphoma and B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. The availability of TMAs and immunohistochemistry has enabled us to precisely categorize tumors that have so far been diagnosed in Uganda as "high-grade/aggressive" lymphomas on the basis of cell morphology alone.
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PMID:B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Uganda: an immunohistochemical appraisal on tissue microarray. 1843 78

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is one of the most common subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and frequently transforms to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To clarify some aspects of the natural history of FL, we retrospectively examined 43 consecutive patients who had DLBCL with pre- or coexisting FL grade 1 or 2. The patients comprised 22 men and 21 women with a median age of 53 years. Most of the patients (34/43) showed advanced-stage (III or IV) disease initially. We examined both FL and DLBCL components morphologically, immunohistochemically, and by interface fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH: IGH/BCL2 fusion, BCL6 translocation) analysis. Most of the DLBCLs were classified as the centroblastic subtype, with two exceptions of the anaplastic subtype. Immunohistochemical analysis of both the FL and DLBCL components revealed the following respective positivity rates: CD20 100%/100%, CD10 86%/66%, Bcl-2 96%/91%, Bcl-6 84%/88%, MUM1 16%/34%, CD30 0%/20%, CD138 0%/0%, and CD5 0%/3%. Loss of CD10 (6/36, 17%) and gain of MUM1 (7/28, 25%) and CD30 (5/21, 24%) through transformation were not infrequent. High positivity rates for Bcl-2 and Bcl-6 were maintained throughout transformation. Among the DLBCLs, 84% were classified as the germinal center B-cell phenotype (GCB) and 16% as non-GCB in accordance with the criteria of Hans et al. IGH/BCL2 fusion was detected by FISH in 89% of FLs and 82% of DLBCLs. BCL6 translocation was detected in 1/6 (17%) DLBCLs without IGH/BCL2 fusion. Thus, although the morphological features and FISH results for DLBCL were consistent with transformed FL, the immunophenotype showed wide heterogeneity.
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PMID:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after transformation from low-grade follicular lymphoma: morphological, immunohistochemical, and FISH analyses. 1854 5

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is a subset of lung adenocarcinoma that has a distinct clinical presentation, tumor biology, response to therapy, and prognosis compared with other subtypes of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. BAC disproportionately affects women, never-smokers, and is characterized by growth along alveolar septae without evidence of stromal, vascular, or pleural invasion. Microscopically, BACs have been divided into mucinous, nonmucinous, and mixed types. We describe a case of young female who received radiation therapy to the mediastinum and chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma and now develops mucinous bronchioalveolar adenocarcinoma of the left lung which to the best of our knowledge has not been previously described after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma. The tumor cells express Galectin-3, CD138, p16INK4a, thyroid transcription factor-1, cytokeratin 7, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, E-cadherin, neuron-specific enolase, and S100 whereas no expression of cytokeratin 20, calretinin, and CDX2 is seen.
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PMID:Expression of Galectin-3, CD138, p16INK4a, and TTF-1 in mucinous bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma after Hodgkin lymphoma. 1899 17

This review aims to interrelate the major lymphoma types in the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification to construct a framework for understanding and diagnostic application. Multiple morphological, phenotypical and molecular genotypical data are assessed in order to categorise lymphomas into germinal centre (GC) and extracentric (EC) subgroups. GC entities [lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin, follicular, Burkitt's, angioimmunoblastic T-cell and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with GC profile] express bcl-6, CD10 and/or the GC-homing chemokine CXCL13, and harbour ongoing somatic hypermutations (SHM), but not Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in its higher latency states. Post-GC entities [classical Hodgkin, marginal zone and lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas, half of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), DLBCL with 'activated' or post-GC profile, primary effusion lymphoma, plasmacytoma and myeloma] express, instead, MUM.1 and/or CD138, harbour static rather than ongoing SHM, and may harbour EBV in higher latency states. The remainder of CLL/SLL and the majority of mantle cell lymphoma without SHM constitute the pre-GC ('naive') category, with coexpression of IgD and CD5. Lymphomas can be categorised across lineage (B- or T-cell) and relationship against host immune response (Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin) into GC and EC groups, affording leverage in their differential diagnosis.
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PMID:A practical approach to the understanding and diagnosis of lymphoma: an assessment of the WHO classification based on immunoarchitecture and immuno-ontogenic principles. 1940 43

Background: Since 1995 patients with relapsed aggressive non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have been treated with high dose chemotherapy (HDC) instead of standard dose chemotherapy (SC) because of superior survival demonstrated in the "Parma study". As HDC involves hospital admission and intensive supportive care, the cost of HDC would be predicted to be higher than for SC. The aim of this study was to calculate the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) for HDC compared to SC using Australian costs. Methods: Cost of treatment was determined on 21 pts receiving HDC with characteristics similar to the Parma study from the HDC database of the Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital (CMNH). Drug, transfusion, inpatient and outpatient attendance and additional relevant data from start of treatment for relapse and up to 100 days following HDC were obtained and costed. SC costs required modelling as all suitable pts are planned to receive HDC if possible, therefore no concurrent SC arms exist. A lifetime estimate of patient-years gained by HDC versus SC was calculated from the area under survival curves (AUC) of HDC and SC. The ICER was calculated according to formula: Incremental Cost / Incremental Benefit = (Costs(HDC)-Costs(SDC)) / (AUC(HDC)-AUC(SDC)). Results: Cost for HDC and SC were $AU37,490 and $AU33,360 respectively, and the AUC(0-infinity) were 4.09 and 3.5 patient life years respectively giving an ICER of $AU7,070 per discounted life year gained. Conclusion Compared to published studies in multiple myeloma and solid organ transplant these results support HDC as a cost-effective treatment in relapsed aggressive NHL.
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PMID:MODELING COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY AS TREATMENT FOR RELAPSED AGGRESSIVE NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA IN AN AUSTRALIAN SETTING. 1951 57

Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is strongly associated with HIV infection, although it has been recognized in immunocompetent patients. Plasmablastic lymphoma has a predilection for the oral cavity. Its occurrence in the parotid gland has not been previously described. We report a case of an HIV positive man who developed a rapidly enlarging parotid mass. A core biopsy of the parotid mass was evaluated by routine microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. The tumor was comprised of sheets of large cells with abundant cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The cells exhibited a plasmacytic immunophenotype including expression for CD38 and CD138. An in situ hybridization assay for Epstein-Barr virus was positive. These findings were diagnostic of plasmablastic lymphoma. Plasmablastic lymphoma is notoriously difficult to diagnose, particularly when it arises in unexpected sites outside of the oral cavity. As an aggressive lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a high-grade malignant neoplasm not just in the oral cavity but at non-oral sites including the parotid gland, particularly in an HIV-positive individual.
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PMID:Plasmablastic lymphoma involving the parotid gland. 2051 42

Clinical, histological features and outcome of a cohort of patients with orbital and adnexal lymphoproliferative tumors were evaluated. Twenty-five cases in an oncologic referral center from 1995 to 2008, were included in the study. Each case had detailed immunophenotypic analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (CD45, CD20, CD3, CD5, CD23, BCL2, BCL6, BCL10, Ki67, CD30, CD15, BCL1, Kappa, Lambda, CD138). Lesions were classified by using WHO (2008) lymphomas classification. Twenty-three patients were found to have primary and two secondary lymphomas. Histological subtypes were: 16 patients with marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, four diffuse large B cell lymphomas, two mantle cell lymphomas, two follicular lymphomas, and one Hodgkin lymphoma. Among the 25 patients studied, 22 had localized stage. Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma was the most frequent type of primary orbital and adnexal lymphoma. In this study localized disease was observed in most cases, and distant spread of the lymphomas was infrequent.
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PMID:[Orbital and ocular adnexal lymphomas. Clinico-pathological correlation in 25 cases]. 2067 53


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