Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Normal as well as activated lymphocytes, macrophages and leukaemic cells have previously been shown by radio receptor analysis to express receptors for somatostatin. An 111In labelled somatostatin analogue was already used successfully in the visualization of a variety of neuro-endocrine tumours. We investigated 10 consecutive patients with malignant lymphomas (Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas). In all patients the lymphoma deposits could be visualized with somatostatin receptor imaging. In four patients additional tumour localizations were observed as compared to the results of combined physical and radiological (CT and ultrasound) examinations. In four cases tissue biopsies were taken and confirmed by autoradiography to be somatostatin receptor positive. These data indicate that malignant lymphomas may express somatostatin receptors in sufficient numbers and density to allow in vivo tumour visualization with a radiolabelled somatostatin analogue.
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PMID:Somatostatin analogue scintigraphy of malignant lymphomas. 809 27

In this prospective study we evaluated the somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the initial staging of 19 patients suffering from Hodgkin's (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and in the restaging of 16 patients. Scintigraphy was compared to the results of the methods applied for adequate staging of lymphoma patients in the large multicentre trials. Planar imaging and SPECT was performed after intravenous injection of 110 or 220 MBq of 111In-pentetreotide. The patient-based analysis yielded an overall sensitivity of 88%, contrasting lesion-based sensitivities of 57%, 35%, and 43% in HD, low-grade NHL and high-grade NHL, respectively. The best results were obtained in the head-and-neck region and the worst in the abdomen (sensitivities of 61% and 24%, respectively). Bone marrow infiltration was visible in 1/12 cases only. There was no significant difference between the outcomes of patients in the initial staging and restaging and no influence of the amount of injected radiopharmaceutical on the results. In terms of the Ann-Arbor classification, 10/35 patients were concordant whereas 22 were understaged and 3 overstaged scintigraphically. In conclusion, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is not useful in the initial staging or restaging of malignant lymphomas, especially NHL, due to low lesion detection rates most probably because of low receptor densities. In addition, intraindividual heterogeneity of somatostatin receptor expression has to be considered.
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PMID:Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the staging of lymphomas. 925 Jul 94

The somatostatin analogue [111In-DTPA-d-Phe1]-octreotide (111In-octreotide) allows scintigraphic visualization of somatostatin receptor-expressing tissue. While it is well known that a large variety of tissues express somatostatin receptors and 111In-octreotide scintigraphy has a clearly defined role in various neuroendocrine diseases, the clinical value of 111In-octreotide scintigraphy in brain tumours is still under clinical investigation. In 124 patients with 141 brain lesions (63 meningiomas, 24 pituitary adenomas, 10 gliomas WHO class I and II, 12 gliomas WHO class III and IV, 11 neurinomas and 2 neurofibromas, 7 metastases and 12 other varieties: three non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas, two epidermoids, one abscess, one angioleiomyoma, one chordoma, one haemangiopericytoma, one osteosarcoma, one plasmacytoma and one pseudocyst), 111In-octreotide scintigraphy was performed 4-6 and 24 h after i.v. injection of 110-220 MBq 111In-octreotide. Planar images of the head in four views with a 128x128 matrix and single-photon emission tomographic images (64x64 matrix) were acquired, and lesions were graded according to qualitative tracer uptake. Fifty-nine of the 63 meningiomas showed moderate to intense tracer uptake. Nine of 24 pituitary adenomas were visible; the remaining 15 did not show any tracer uptake. None of the class I and II gliomas with an intact blood-brain barrier were detected whereas 11/12 class III and IV gliomas showed 111In-octreotide uptake. None of the neurinomas or neurofibromas were positive. Five of seven metastases were classified as positive, as were the osteosarcoma, two of three non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas, one abscess, one angioleiomyoma, one chordoma and one haemangiopericytoma. The other varieties (one non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, two epidermoids, one plasmacytoma and one pseudocyst) did not show 111In-octreotide uptake. The results demonstrate that a large variety of intracranial lesions express somatostatin receptors and therefore can be visualized by [111In-DTPA-d-Phe1]-octreotide scintigraphy. This technique can be valuable in the differentiation between meningiomas and pituitary adenomas, based on qualitative tracer uptake. [111In-DTPA-d-Phe1]-octreotide scintigraphy allows differentiation between meningiomas and neurinomas or neurofibromas and therefore provides complementary information to computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, this technique allows differentiation between scar tissue and recurrent meningiomas postoperatively and can help in non-invasive tumour differentiation of multiple intracranial lesions, which can be of value in defining the most adequate therapeutic strategy.
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PMID:Somatostatin receptor imaging in intracranial tumours. 966 88

Noninvasive imaging methods are the cornerstone of the conventional staging of patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Gallium-67 scintigraphy has become an important and essential imaging method, especially in the restaging for assessment of residual masses in patients with lymphoma. Magnetic resonance imaging will be used in the future for confirmation of suspect local lesions. Imaging of lymphoma patients with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy will remain a secondary imaging method, which will not be as routine. Positron emission tomography with 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has made the greatest steps forward and offers, when whole-body FDG-PET is used, the advantage that the entire body of the patient can be imaged. Nodal, extranodal, and bone marrow involvement have been imaged by FDG-PET with great sensitivity and specificity. Perhaps in the future, staging laparotomy for exact staging of lymphoma patients will be unnecessary, and patients will be staged solely with noninvasive staging methods.
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PMID:Progress in medical imaging of lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. 1050 66

Exchange of information occurs between cells of neuroendocrine and immune systems. Neuroendocrine hormones may modulate lymphoid cell activities, including proliferation and mitogenesis, and immune cells may produce neuropeptides as well. Neuropetide Y is synthesized in B-cell leukaemia lymphoblasts, while substance P immunoreactivity has been detected in neoplastic haematological samples of different types of leukaemias. The presence of receptors for neuropeptides on different animal and human lymphoid cell lines, as well as in several types of animal and human lymphoproliferative diseases has been demonstrated. Species variability in receptor distribution has been shown as well. Receptor expression in immune cells may be regulated by changes in microenvironmental conditions, it may also be related to the activation and/ or proliferation state of cells. Vasoactive intestinal peptides receptors have been detected in myeloma cells, while somatostatin receptors have been first detected in vitro on resting lymphocytes and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, and later on human activated lymphocytes and on lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. Somatostatin receptors have been found in biopsies from patients with malignant lymphomas. Tumor localization in non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease can be visualized by in vivo somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, contributing to establish the diagnosis and the stage of the disease. Recently. somatostatin receptors have been in vivo and in vitro detected in human thymic tumors. Although treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases with somatostatin analogs is a little explored field, partial remission was found in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and a successful treatment with octreotide has been reported in patients with thymoma. Specific somatostatin receptors present in progenitors of immune cells are not expressed in the mature phenotype, while they can be detected in transformed cell lines. The possibility that this phenomenon is caused by oncogene expression cannot be ruled out. Moreover, preliminary data showed a developmental expression of somatostatin receptors in lymphoid cells, suggesting a potential role for neuropeptide receptors as differentiation markers. Although controlled studies are warranted to investigate the efficacy of the currently available analogs, somatostatinergic compounds may be of interest in the treatment of lymphoproliferative malignancies. A promising approach in refractory patients with somatostatin receptor positive malignant lymphomas may be radionuclide-targeted and cytotoxic analog therapy. These concepts increase the possibility of a wider antitumor treatment with ligands for neuroepeptide receptors than in established 'classic' neuroendocrine tumors.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine aspects of immunolymphoproliferative diseases. 1176 38

[(111)In-DTPA(0)]octreotide is a radiopharmaceutical with a great potential for the visualization of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. The overall sensitivity of Somatostatin Receptor Imaging (SRI) to localize neuroendocrine tumors is high. In a number of neuroendocrine tumor types, as well as in Hodgkin's disease, inclusion of SRI in the localization or staging procedure may be very rewarding, either in terms of cost-effectiveness, patient management, or quality of life. The value of SRI in patients with other tumors, like breast cancer, or in patients with granulomatous diseases, has to be established. The development of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) is expected to stimulate peptide receptor imaging.
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PMID:Somatostatin receptor imaging. 1196 3

With the in vivo demonstration of somatostatin-receptor- positive tumors in patients using a radiolabeled somatostatin analog, peptide receptor scintigraphy became available some 15 yr ago. Octreoscan is a radiopharmaceutical with proven clinical importance in the visualization of somatostatin-receptor-positive tumors, and the overall sensitivity of somatostatin receptor imaging is high. In a number of neuroendocrine tumor types, as well as in Hodgkin's disease, inclusion of somatostatin receptor imaging in the localization or staging procedure may be very rewarding. The value of somatostatin receptor imaging in patients with other tumors, like breast cancer, or in patients with granulomatous diseases, has to be established.
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PMID:Octreoscan radioreceptor imaging. 1272 12

Somatostatin receptors are widely expressed on cells and tissues throughout the human body. Apart from their expression in the physiological target organs of the peptide, somatostatin receptors are also expressed in various tumours. The expression of somatostatin receptors on neuroendocrine tumours led to the development of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using [(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)]-octreotide ((111)In-pentetreotide) in order to visualize somatostatin receptor positive tumours and their metastases in vivo. Previous studies reported the expression of somatostatin receptors in both normal and pathological cells and tissues of the human immune system as well. Somatostatin receptors have been demonstrated in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and sst scintigraphy has shown to be a useful tool in diagnosis and staging of these diseases. Moreover, sst expression has also been detected in granulomateus diseases, like sarcoidosis and auto-immune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper we discuss the (possible) role of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in diagnosis, staging or follow-up of patients suffering from sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:The role of octreotide scintigraphy in rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis. 1497 19

The cytotoxic analogue of somatostatin, AN-238, consisting of 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (AN-201), a superactive derivative of doxorubicin (DOX), linked to somatostatin analogue carrier RC-121 binds with high affinity to receptors for somatostatin and can be targeted to tumors that express these receptors. Because somatostatin receptors are found in a high percentage of human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), we evaluated the antitumor effect of AN-238 in 2 human NHL cell lines in vivo. Nude mice bearing xenografts of RL and HT human NHL were treated with AN-238 or its components at equimolar doses, and antitumor effects were determined. Expression of mRNA for somatostatin receptor subtypes was measured by RT-PCR, and the presence of somatostatin receptors was determined by radioligand binding. Toxicity was evaluated by following white blood cell count (WBC) and body weight. AN-238 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited growth of RL and HT xenografts and prolonged the tumor doubling time. Cytotoxic radical AN-201, the unconjugated mixture of somatostatin analogue RC-121 and AN-201 or RC-121 alone had no significant effects. Blockade of somatostatin receptors by excess RC-121 abolished the effect of AN-238, demonstrating targeting. Expression of somatostatin receptors was not changed after repeated treatment with AN-238. AN-201, but not AN-238, significantly lowered the WBC and caused a greater decrease in body weight than AN-238. Our findings demonstrate that targeted chemotherapy with AN-238 can strongly inhibit the growth of NHL cells, which express somatostatin receptors. AN-238 could be considered for the treatment for patients with NHL.
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PMID:Growth inhibition of experimental non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with the targeted cytotoxic somatostatin analogue AN-238. 1560 11

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is useful in diagnosing tumors with increased expression of somatostatin receptors. The correct use of this technique reveals the localization of neuroendocrine primary tumors and unknown metastases in approximately 90% of patients. However, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy also can image many other human tumors expressing somatostatin receptors, including malignant lymphomas and thymomas. The sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy to image somatostatin receptor-positive tumors is very high, but due to the variable expression of specific receptor subtypes, the specificity can be relatively low. This drawback is crucial in evaluating lymphoproliferative diseases, or, in general, when immune cells are involved. The sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy for Hodgkin's lymphoma is 95%-100%, whereas for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma it is around 80%. It has been shown that the uptake of [(111)In-DTPA(0)]octreotide in lymphomas is lower compared to the uptake in neuroendocrine tumors. This is mainly attributed to the low number of receptors on immune cells compared to neuroendocrine cells; however, ligand-induced internalization and differential receptor regulation may also participate in determining this phenomenon. Therefore, caution should be taken when interpreting data from some studies. Several new ligands are currently under study to improve these limits and the expression of other neuropeptide receptors is being investigated to provide a molecular basis for in vivo multireceptor targeting of tumors. With the use of currently available somatostatin analogs, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy does not seem to have a significant impact in patients with lymphomas for diagnostic purposes. There are a few exceptions, however. Among these, the staging and restaging of extragastric lymphoma MALT-type may present some advantages. Conversely, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the imaging of thymic malignancies could enhance both our diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is diagnostically relevant in differentiating malignant from benign lesions, especially in those patients with associated paraneoplastic syndromes, and is the main criterion to select patients suitable for therapy with somatostatin analogs. Recent findings emerging from in vitro studies on somatostatin receptor physiology in immune cells will certainly reopen and expand the potential applications of somatostatin analogs for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic options.
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PMID:Initial staging of lymphoma with octreotide and other receptor imaging agents. 1609 91


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