Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The survey is introduced by references to the relations between special diagnostic findings and life expectancy. Also the contribution of the clinician to the diagnostics of the non-Hodgkin-lymphomas is dealt with. Five standpoints are to be regarded in the new management of chemotherapy: 1. The polychemotherapy is more effective than the monotherapy. 2. Massive-dose therapies of middle degree are more favourable than frequent, low-dosed cytostatic dosages. 3. Connection of the polychemotherapy with the radiotherapy in stage III and IV. 4. Particularly in the lymphomas with a high degree of malignancy polychemotherapy already in stage II following the radiation. 5. Especially intensive polychemotherapy in the lymphomas with a high degree of malignancy. The hitherto got findings in the polychemotherapy of the non-Hodgkin-lymphomas are reported. Here particularly the COP-scheme proved to be favourable, if necessary in connection with bleomycin, adriamycin or methotrexat; also BCNU or dakarbacin are possible. Own propositions, separated for lymphomas for low and high malignancy, respectively, take into consideration also the GDR-preparation Cytostasan.
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PMID:[Therapy of non-Hodgkin lymphomas]. 9 97

A prospective randomized trial by CALGB examined the relative value of four chemotherapy regimens in 537 patients with stage III B and IV Hodgkin's disease. A new combination BOPP, derived by substitution of BCNU for nitrogen mustard in the MOPP regimen, was compared to MOPP and to two 3-drug regimens, derived by removing the procarbazine in BOPP (BOP) or removing the alkylating agent (OPP). The 4-drug programs gave significantly higher frequency of complete remissions (BOPP 67%, MOPP 63%) than the 3-drug regimens (BOP 40%, OPP 42%), and significantly longer duration of remission and survival. BOPP had a therapeutic activity equal to MOPP, and was accompanied by less toxicity. After 6 cycles of induction chemotherapy, responding patients, both CR and PR, were continued on maintenance chemotherapy for 3 years. No significant difference in relapse rate was demonstrated following maintenance treatment with either vinblastine, chlorambucil, or chlorambucil plus monthly vincristine + prednisone doses. Nor could a reinforcement phase late in the maintenance program be shown to influence the relapse rate. The median survival for all patients entered on the 4-drug programs was 5 years, while the median has not yet been reached at 6 years for those patients, who obtained CR.
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PMID:A comparative study of a BCNU containing 4-drug program versus MOPP versus 3-drug combinations in advanced Hodgkin's disease: a cooperative study by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. 36 70

In a phase I study, the best antitumor/toxicity ratio for DTIC was reported to be at a dose of 250 mg/m2/day X 5 repeated at 28-day intervals. Nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were the major toxic effects noted. The best responses were seen in disseminated melanoma (19%), various sarcomas (22%), and Hodgkin's disease. A subsequent phase II study in refractory lymphomas showed a response rate in Hodgkin's disease of 56%. In disseminated melanomas, DTIC was then combined with vincristine and BCNU and demonstrated a response rate of 23% which did not improve with the addition of chlorpromazine (23%). A response rate of 31% was seen with the combination of DTIC, BCNU, and hydroxyurea which did not improve with the addition of vincristine (30%). Responders had a more significant survival rate as compared to nonresponders.
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PMID:DTIC (NSC-45388) studies in the southwest oncology group. 76 72

The results of three controlled studies with multiple-drug regimens which included DTIC are reported for advanced melanoma, soft tissue sarcomas, and Hodgkin's disease. In malignant melanoma, no statistical difference was observed between (a) DTIC, BCNU, and vincristine, and (b) DTIC, BCNU, and actinomycin D in terms of response rate, median duration of response, and survival. In sarcomas, the combination of adriamycin and DTIC produced a higher incidence of complete plus partial responders when compared to cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and methotrexate. However, no significant difference was seen in the median duration of response or survival. In Hodgkin's disease, a new four-drug combination including adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and DTIC (ABVD) produced an incidence of complete remissions and a median duration of response comparable to that achieved with mechlorethamine, vincristine (Oncovin), predinisone, and procarbazine (MOPP). Preliminary data indicate that ABVD is not cross resistant to MOPP. It is concluded that DTIC can be successfully and safely employed in combination with conventional agents in susceptible neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with DTIC (NSC-45388) in advanced malignant melanoma, soft tissue sarcomas, and Hodgkin's disease. 76 75

BCNU is an effective antitumor agent in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Forty-seven percent of a group of patients with advanced disease, refractory to combination or sequential-agent chemotherapy, achieved an objective response to BCNU. Bone marrow toxicity was delayed in onset and was dose related. When incorporated into a maintenance program after remission induction with combination chemotherapy, BCNU appeared to delay, but not ultimately prevent, relapses during a 2-year followup period. Toxic effects associated with BCNU maintenance therapy in this clinical situation were significantly greater than toxic effects associated with no maintenance therapy.
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PMID:BCNU (NSC-409962) in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: its role in remission induction and maintenance. 78 98

A decade of studies with the nitrosoureas in the Southeastern Cancer Study Group has shown that they are active agents for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and that they may be combined with other chemotherapeutic agents in regimens which have acceptable toxicity to produce excellent response rates. Further more, six monthly cycles of treatment with a combination of either BCNU, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, and prednisone or mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone and procarbazine(MOPP), following the achievement of a clinical CR, produce significantly superior durations of remission and survival in previously untreated patients. Our studies with BCNU given orally have indicated that it is not a clinically useful drug. Finally, studies with methyl-CCNU given orally have indicated no particular place for this agent in the treatment od Hodgkin's disease when compared to CCNU and BCNU.
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PMID:Southeastern Cancer Study Group trials with nitrosoureas in Hodgkin's disease. 78

Trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether d-tartrate (TMCA; NSC-36351) was administered daily by mouth to 71 patients with malignant lymphomas. Partical (greater than 50%) responses were observed in eleven of 37 patients with Hodgkin's disesse, two of 22 patients with lymphocytic lymphoma, and one of two patients with mixed cell lymphoma. One complete and three partial responses were noted in nine patients with histiocytic lymphoma. Responses lasted from one to 91+ months (median: four months) and occurred in patients whose disease was resistant to alkylating agents, vinblastine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone or BCNU. Toxic effects included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, diarrhea, stomatitis, alopecia and dermatitis.
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PMID:Effect of trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether d-tartrate (TMCA) on Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 79 48

Fourteen patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease responded to a salvage therapy with Dexa-BEAM (dexamethasone, BCNU, etoposide, Ara-C and melphalan). In seven patients a continuous i.v. infusion with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was started subsequent to Dexa-BEAM (+rhGM-CSF) while the other seven patients received no hemopoietic growth factor (-rhGM-CSF). It was our objective to study the impact of rhGM-CSF on the collection of blood-derived hemopoietic stem cells in patients with extensive prior chemo- and radiotherapy not eligible for marrow harvest. Compared to baseline, we observed a significant increase of colony-forming units granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) in the peripheral blood of patients receiving rhGM-CSF (p less than 0.05). On average, the yield of total nucleated cells and CFU-GM collected per single leukapheresis was 2.2 and 2.4-fold higher in the rhGM-CSF-treated patients respectively (p less than 0.05). With rhGM-CSF the interval from the start of chemotherapy to the end of blood stem cell collection could be reduced by 6 days (p less than 0.05). Following the CBV pretransplant regimen (cyclophosphamide, BCNU, etoposide), the reinfusion of rhGM-CSF-exposed stem cells resulted in a shorter time of leukocyte recovery (p less than 0.05). The number of CFU-GM/kg body weight transplanted was found to be predictive for the time of neutrophil recovery (p less than 0.05). In patients with bone marrow hypoplasia or fibrosis, rhGM-CSF as part of an effective salvage therapy improves the collection of blood stem cells that are capable of restoring hemopoiesis after high-dose pretransplant therapy.
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PMID:Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) subsequent to chemotherapy improves collection of blood stem cells for autografting in patients not eligible for bone marrow harvest. 135 17

Fifty-four newly diagnosed patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease were randomized between two alternating non cross-resistant chemotherapies: MOPP-ABVD (MOPP: Mustine, Vincristine, Procarbazine, Prednisone-ABVD: Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine) and MOPP-ABVD-CEM (CEM: Carmustine, Etoposide, methyl-GAG). There were no significant differences between the two therapies as far as complete remission, survival, relapse free survival and toxicity were concerned. This study does not support the use of MOPP-ABVD-CEM for improving the long-term outcome of patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:A prospective randomized study of two alternating, non cross-resistant chemotherapies for advanced Hodgkin's disease. 138 56

O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (ATase) levels were measured in extracts of peripheral blood lymphocytes taken at various times during chemotherapy from 19 patients with various haematological malignancies. Seven patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease received preparative treatment consisting of cyclophosphamide (1.5 g m-2, daily) administered on days 1 to 4 and BCNU (600 mg m-2) on day 5 prior to autologous bone marrow rescue (ABMR) delivered on day 7. Treatment in the remaining 12 patients consisted of cyclophosphamide (1.8 g m-2, daily) given on days 1 and 2 followed at day 4 with total body irradiation (TBI) administered in six fractions over the subsequent 3 days to a total dose of 1200 cGy prior to bone marrow transplantation. In the Hodgkin's group, significant decreases in ATase activity were seen during the cyclophosphamide treatment, and the median ATase nadir was 32% (range 0% to 57%) of pretreatment levels following 4 days of cyclophosphamide. In one patient, no ATase activity was detectable following the 4th cyclophosphamide treatment. ATase activities decreased further after BCNU administration to a median of 19% (range 0% to 32%) of pretreatment levels. Extensive cyclophosphamide-induced reduction of lymphocyte ATase levels was also seen in the other group of 12 patients treated with cyclophosphamide/TBI: postcyclophosphamide median ATase nadir was 35% (range 12% to 78%) of the pretreatment levels. No ATase depletion was seen when cyclophosphamide (up to 10 mM) was incubated for 2 h with pure recombinant human ATase in vitro whereas ATase activity was reduced by 90% on preincubation with 100 microns acrolein or with greater than 1 mM phosphoramide mustard. This suggests that a cyclophosphamide-induced decrease in ATase levels in human peripheral lymphocytes in vivo may be due to depletion mediated by the production of intracellular acrolein. Since ATase appears to be a principal mechanism in cellular resistance to the cytotoxic effects of BCNU and related alkylating agents, these observations suggest that a cyclophosphamide-induced reduction in ATase activity may be an additional factor in the effectiveness of the combined sequential therapy.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide decreases O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity in peripheral lymphocytes of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. 138 1


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