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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunohistochemical and histoogical studies have been performed on paraffin sections of 19 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). All the cases were lymphocytic in type and, on the basis of the National Lymphoma Investigation classification, 11 were follicular (six small, three mixed small and large, and two large cell types) and eight were diffuse (four intermediate, three poorly and one well-differentiated types). Marshall's metalophil method revealed a population of dendritic histiocytes in and around the follicles of follicular lymphomas. The distribution of the dendritic cells within the neoplastic follicles resembled the distribution of similar cells in reactive follicles, lending support to the concept of an origin for lymphoma follicles from their reactive counterparts. In the diffuse lesions the dendritic cells were large and more pleomorphic than in the follicular lesions, but these features were not so pronounced as those previously observed in Hodgkin's disease. The PAP sequence was used to demonstrate Ig, and as judged by the types of light and heavy chains in the lymphoma cells, the cases were divided into three groups: Group 1 (eight cases) in which the lymphoma cells contained monotypic Ig; Group 2 (six cases) in which monotypic Ig was probably present; and Group 3 (four cases) where no evidence of monotypic Ig secretion was found. Monotypic Ig was most commonly found in follicular lymphomas, mu kappa secretion being the most frequently identified combination of heavy and light chains. The majority of cases (73 per cent.) were thus clearly derived from B lymphocytes. However, the fact that monoclonality was evident in only a proportion of cases suggested that lymphomas may be polyclonal initially and proportion of cases suggested that lymphomas may be polyclonal initially and that monoclonality is a later development. In addition to the lymphoma cells, normal mature plasma cells containing a high concentration of intracellular Ig were present in all but one of the lesions. The Ig was polytypic, cells containing kappa and lambda chains being present in roughly equal numbers and gamma chains pre-dominating. Extracellular Ig (gamma, mu, kappa, lambda) was also present in many lesions. Collections of small non-lymphomatous lymphocytes were also present in all cases. In eight lesions these appeared to have polytypic surface Ig (mu, kappa, lambda). Dendritic cells mingled with these lymphocytes. Collections of small lymphocytes non-reactive for Ig were also present. These had no association with dendritic histiocytes and might have been T cells. It is concluded that in most cases immunohistochemistry alone provides an insufficient basis for the diagnosis of lymphoma and that disturbance of cellular morphology and tissue architecture remain the most useful criteria on which the diagnosis of lymphoma rests.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: an immunohistochemical and histological study. 31 5

A sensitive immunoperoxidase technique for the detection of immunoglobulin (the peroxidase--anti-peroxidase or PAP procedure) has been applied to fixed smears of normal human white cells. IgM was detected in approximately 5% of lymphocytes from normal donors. Most positive cells showed a characteristic 'hairy' peripheral staining pattern; a similar morphological appearance was seen in samples stained for IgD. The membrane (rather than cytoplasmic) localization of this IgM was inferred from the redistribution of staining induced by preliminary incubation of cell suspensions with anti-mu antisera before smearing and staining. B cell-depleted and B cell-enriched suspensions showed, respectively, reduced and increased percentages of IgM-positive cells. IgG was detectable in approximately 25% of normal lymphoid cells. In contrast to the IgM and IgD reaction patterns, these cells commonly showed a discontinuous distribution of reactivity, often localized to the cell uropod or to small cytoplasmic vesicles. However, when cells were prepared at 0 degree C, staining tended to be diffuse. These findings suggested that the PAP procedure was detecting Fc receptor-bearing lymphoid cells which had bound serum IgG. IgG was also demonstrated in normal polymorphs and monocytes. The specificity of this reaction was confirmed by the use of immunoabsorbant-purified antibodies. The possible practical advantages of this immunoperoxidase procedure for the detection of leucocyte immunoglobulin are considered, and the relevance of the demonstration of IgG in non-lymphoid cells to recent reports of this immunoglobulin in Hodgkin's disease and malignant 'reticulum' cells is briefly discussed.
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PMID:The detection of membrane and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in human leucocytes by immunoperoxidase staining. 33 19

Hodgkin and Huxley equations were modified to include the properties of an external diffusion barrier separated from the axolemma by a thin periaxonal space in which potassium ions accumulate as a function of membrane activity. Further modifications in the equations took into account new values for gK and new functions for alphan, betan, alphah, and betah derived from voltage clamp experiments on Loligo pealei giant axons. Equations were solved on a PDP-11 computer using the Gear predictor-corrector numerical method. In comparison with the original Hodgkin and Huxley equations, the modified equations for membrane potentials gave: 1) more accurate representations of the falling and undershoot phases of the membrane action potential, 2) more accurate representation of thresholds and latencies, 3) increases in the periaxonal space potassium ion concentration, Ks, of about 1 mM/impulse, 4) proper predictions of the time course and magnitude of either undershoot decline or periaxonal potassium ion accumulation during trains of membrane action potentials elicited by repetitivie short duration stimuli, and5) a somewhat more accurate representation of adaptation (finite train and nonrepetitive responses) during long duration constant current stimulation.
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PMID:Solutions of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations modified for potassium accumulation in a periaxonal space. 112 87

The authors investigated 26 regular sexual female partners of 24 men with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Neoplasms were diagnosed in 6 (23.1%) of the total of 26 women. STDs were found in 6 (23.1%) women. In 2 the cytologic findings on the cervix were classified as PAP III (PAP IIIa-CIN I, PAP IIIb-CIN III). Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix was found in 2 women (1 case PAP IV-CIN III; 1 case PAP V-suggestive of invasive carcinoma). Endometrial adenoacanthoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the right hand and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (centroblastic) were found in 1 case each.
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PMID:A study of possible causal relations between squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and carcinoma of the cervix uteri. 132 5

ICO, IPO and LT series monoclonal antibodies, lectins, PAP and APAAP methods were used to study blood, bone marrow and lymph node cells in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. The immunological phenotype of malignant lymphoid cells has been characterized and cytological variants of ALL and lymphomas of T and B cell origin have been distinguished.
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PMID:[Immunoenzyme cytochemical methods, monoclonal antibodies and lectins in the diagnosis of tumors of the lymphoid tissue in children]. 176 34

The Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-related tumors has collected 435 cases of HIV-associated tumors since December 1986. The following conclusions can be drawn from this IVDA-based series: (1) at least 15% of AIDS cases are associated with tumors; (2) the number of malignant lymphomas (high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], Hodgkin's disease [HD] is comparable to that of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (188 vs. 198); (3) KS among AIDS patients is less common than in countries where homosexual men are the main group affected by AIDS. However, KS also affects intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) almost exclusively males, with characteristics similar to those observed among homosexual men; (4) HD is associated with an aggressive course; (5) anal and oral primary tumors as well as oral and anal involvement of NHL are very rare; (6) testicular cancers occur in patients mainly with early HIV infection, without adversely affecting the dosage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy; (7) cervical cancer successfully treated with conization suggests that PAP test screening in young IVDA women is warranted; (8) lung cancer occurs in a young age group with rapid progression and death.
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PMID:Characterization of AIDS-associated tumors in Italy: report of 435 cases of an IVDA-based series. 220 42

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice previously immunized with B-lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI-1788 were fused with P3-X-63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells. Monoclonal antibodies (Ab) IPO-4 were screened on 18 cell lines by the indirect immuno-fluorescence method. Cryostat sections of tissues were stained according to the PAP technique. The Mab IPO-4 were tested for reactivity with blood cells of 17 healthy persons and 102 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemias, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease and mitogen stimulated lymphocytes. MAb IPO-4 were found to be directed against antigen expressed on activated T and B cells.
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibodies IPO-4 recognizing antigen-activated human T and B lymphocytes]. 234 19

One hundred and thirty-three consecutive cases originally classified either as a lymphocytic lymphoma of the B-CLL type or as an immunocytic (IC) lymphoma could be reclassified morphologically and analyzed for the presence of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (cIg) with the PAP-technique. The morphologic reclassification confirmed the initial diagnosis in most cases, whereas after staining for cIg, the diagnosis was changed in a large number of cases, i.e. from B-CLL to IC, or the reverse, or from IC of the polymorphic subtype (ICp) to 'high-grade' non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Cases classified as IC were often localized (stage I+II: 22/43) with a long disease-free survival after local radiation therapy, while B-CLL were usually generalized. For patients in stage IV, the prognosis of B-CLL was significantly superior to that of IC, which in turn was superior to the prognosis of cases referred to as 'high-grade' NHL. The difficulties in the morphologic distinction between B-CLL and IC on one hand and between ICp and some 'high-grade' NHL on the other hand, as well as the clinical significance of these distinctions, are discussed.
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PMID:Intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins in the differential diagnosis of lymphocytic lymphomas of the B-CLL type and immunocytic lymphomas. 300 43

A histological review of 72 undifferentiated thyroid tumors was performed in order to discover small cell anaplastic carcinomas and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Cases suspected to be lymphoma were examined for the presence of Ig and keratin and lectins with a PAP-procedure. Among the 72 cases, 68 (94,5%) were anaplastic carcinomas of various types. Four cases (5,5%) were diffuse small cell tumors, which had previously been regarded as anaplastic carcinomas. All four could be identified as Non-Hodgkin lymphomas by histology, immunohistochemistry, repeat biopsy or autopsy. The findings suggest that the majority of small cell anaplastic thyroid tumors are lymphomas and that true anaplastic small cell carcinoma of the thyroid must be extremely rare. Its diagnosis requires electronmicroscopy and/or immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the epithelial nature of tumor cells.
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PMID:Undifferentiated thyroid tumors of diffuse small cell type. Histological and immunohistochemical evidence for their lymphomatous nature. 620 59

Sixty-six formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded reactive and neoplastic lymph node biopsies were examined by the immunoperoxidase (PAP) procedure to localize toxoplasma antigen. 13:16 (81.25%) of the histologically suggestive toxoplasmic lymphadenitis and 4:8 (50%) of Hodgkin's lymphoma with histiocytic (epitheloid) cell infiltrates were positive. All other reactive and neoplastic biopsies were negative. Our data prove the usefulness of the PAP procedure as a specific and sensitive test to confirm the diagnosis of histologically suspicious toxoplasmosis. This study, however, is the first of its kind that demonstrates immunohistologically the association of toxoplasmosis with Hodgkin's lymphoma in the same lymph nodes. It also calls in question the nature of the histiocytes in lymphoid neoplasms and suggests the possibility that, at least in some lymphomas especially Hodgkin's, the histiocystic component may be due to the association of other conditions which are worth of further investigation.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of toxoplasma antigen in reactive and neoplastic lymph nodes. 670 Jul 95


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