Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinomas and non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas. Previously, we reported that HCV infection causes cellular DNA damage and mutations, which are mediated by nitric oxide (NO). NO often damages mitochondria, leading to induction of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) and accumulation of oxidative DNA damage. Here we report that HCV infection causes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lowering of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) in in vitro HCV-infected cell cultures. The changes in membrane potential could be inhibited by BCL-2. Furthermore, an inhibitor of ROS production, antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), or an inhibitor of NO, 1,400W, prevented the alterations of DeltaPsi(m). The HCV-induced DSB was also abolished by a combination of NO and ROS inhibitors. These results indicated that the mitochondrial damage and DSBs in HCV-infected cells were mediated by both NO and ROS. Among the HCV proteins, core, E1, and NS3 are potent ROS inducers: their expression led to DNA damage and activation of STAT3. Correspondingly, core-protein-transgenic mice showed elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidatively damaged DNA. These HCV studies thus identified ROS, along with the previously identified NO, as the primary inducers of DSBs and mitochondrial damage in HCV-infected cells.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus triggers mitochondrial permeability transition with production of reactive oxygen species, leading to DNA damage and STAT3 activation. 1680 25

Our earlier evidence pointed to a relationship between geomagnetic field (GMF) variations in pre- and early postnatal periods and appearance in the future of oncopathology in these patients. It appears to contribute to risk for such malignancies in adults as breast, lung, liver, bladder, kidney, prostate, hypophysis cancer, ovarian carcinoma, skin melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, and probably stomach cancer. No link was detected between esophageal, thyroid, colorectal cancer or cervical carcinoma, on the one hand, and GMF variations in prenatal period, on the other. It is suggested that low intensity of GMF is associated with increased death of macrophages and other granulocytes as well as nitric oxide formation both in fetal and maternal organism. The latter factor induces genes responsible for detoxication. In adults, under normal or disturbed GMF conditions, detoxication processes take care of excessive blood-nitric oxide. Both in fetus and mother, due to high GMF intensity, granulocyte decay is inhibited thus causing nitric oxide levels to fall. As a consequence, detoxication fails. That accounts for excessive blood-nitric oxide formation at adult stage when GMF intensity is low or normal. Nitric oxide causes certain nitrosamines to form, which are tissue-specific carcinogens. Therefore, the lower level of GMF oscillations was in pre- and early postnatal periods than in more late terms tumors appeared (for example, the negative correlation for breast cancer took place).
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PMID:[Geomagnetic field variations in the human prenatal period and cancer in adults]. 1766 72

Learning and memory are critically dependent on basal forebrain cholinergic (BFC) neuron excitability, which is modulated profoundly by leak K(+) channels. Many neuromodulators closing leak K(+) channels have been reported, whereas their endogenous opener remained unknown. We here demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) can be the endogenous opener of leak K(+) channels in the presumed BFC neurons. Bath application of 1 mM S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor, induced a long-lasting hyperpolarization, which was often interrupted by a transient depolarization. Soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitors prevented SNAP from inducing hyperpolarization but allowed SNAP to cause depolarization, whereas bath application of 0.2 mM 8-bromoguanosine-3',5'-cyclomonophosphate (8-Br-cGMP) induced a similar long-lasting hyperpolarization alone. These observations indicate that the SNAP-induced hyperpolarization and depolarization are mediated by the cGMP-dependent and -independent processes, respectively. When examined with the ramp command pulse applied at -70 mV under the voltage-clamp condition, 8-Br-cGMP application induced the outward current that reversed at K(+) equilibrium potential (E(K)) and displayed Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz rectification, indicating the involvement of voltage-independent K(+) current. By contrast, SNAP application in the presumed BFC neurons either dialyzed with the GTP-free internal solution or in the presence of 10 muM Rp-8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1,N(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate sodium salt, a protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor, induced the inward current that reversed at potentials much more negative than E(K) and close to the reversal potential of Na(+)-K(+) pump current. These observations strongly suggest that NO activates leak K(+) channels through cGMP-PKG-dependent pathway to markedly decrease the excitability in BFC neurons, while NO simultaneously causes depolarization by the inhibition of Na(+)-K(+) pump through ATP depletion.
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PMID:Nitric oxide activates leak K+ currents in the presumed cholinergic neuron of basal forebrain. 1792 63

Relationships were studied between leukocyte and neutrophil levels in patients with breast, bladder tumors and Hodgkin's disease and in healthy subjects, on the one hand, and geomagnetic field (GMF) status on the day before blood sampling, on the other. In breast and bladder cancer patients, both total leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts increased when GMF was high. In the Hodgkin's disease group, that correlation was reversed. In healthy subjects, leukocyte levels decreased and those of neutrophils rose matching the rise in GMF activity, with absolute count of neutrophils being virtually unchanged. It was suggested that cancer patients suffered from an impairment in non-specific immunity caused by neutrophils being destroyed as nitric oxide (NO) was formed due to a drop in GMF intensity. A relationship between NO level in exhaled air and GMF status was identified.
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PMID:[Effect of geomagnetic field on leukocyte count in cancer patients. Role of nitric oxide]. 1796 11

A primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the internal auditory canal or the cerebellopontine angle is an absolute rarity, even among the unusual lesions encountered there. Schwannomas or meningiomas account for approximately 90-95% of the tumors of the cerebellopontine angle and the internal auditory canal. Atypical symptoms, such as facial nerve palsy or rapid progression, require differential diagnostics to identify less frequent entities. However, clinical symptoms or the image morphology cannot confirm the diagnosis of a lymphoma. If a malignant process is suspected during surgical exploration, an immediate intraoperative biopsy can give important clues for appropriate treatment. The course, diagnostics, and therapy of a rare case of primary B-cell NHL of the internal auditory canal are reported here.
HNO 2008 Jun
PMID:[Primary B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the internal auditory canal: case report and literature review]. 1806 10

In an earlier study, we demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) causes the long-lasting membrane hyperpolarization in the presumed basal forebrain cholinergic (BFC) neurons by cGMP-PKG-dependent activation of leak K+ currents in slice preparations. In the present study, we investigated the ionic mechanisms underlying the long-lasting membrane hyperpolarization with special interest in the pH sensitivity because 8-Br-cGMP-induced K+ current displayed Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz rectification characteristic of TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK) channels. When examined with the ramp command pulse depolarizing from -130 to -40 mV, the presumed BFC neurons displayed a pH-sensitive leak K+ current that was larger in response to pH decrease from 8.3 to 7.3 than in response to pH decrease from 7.3 to 6.3. This K+ current was similar to TASK1 current in its pH sensitivity, whereas it was highly sensitive to Ba(2+), unlike TASK1 current. The 8-Br-cGMP-induced K+ currents in the presumed BFC neurons were almost completely inhibited by lowering external pH to 6.3 as well as by bath application of 100 microM Ba(2+), consistent with the nature of the leak K+ current expressed in the presumed BFC neurons. After 8-Br-cGMP application, the K+ current obtained by pH decrease from 7.3 to 6.3 was larger than that obtained by pH decrease from pH 8.3 to 7.3, contrary to the case seen in the control condition. These observations strongly suggest that 8-Br-cGMP activates a pH- and Ba(2+)-sensitive leak K+ current expressed in the presumed BFC neurons by modulating its pH sensitivity.
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PMID:cGMP activates a pH-sensitive leak K+ current in the presumed cholinergic neuron of basal forebrain. 1828 51

Nitric oxide ((.)NO) induces apoptosis at high concentrations by S-nitrosating proteins such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This literature analysis revealed that failure to sustain high (.)NO concentrations is common to all cancers. In cervical, gastric, colorectal, breast, and lung cancer, the cause of this failure is the inadequate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), resulting from the inhibition of iNOS expression by TGF-beta1 at the mRNA level. In bladder, renal, and prostate cancer, the reason for the insufficient (.)NO levels is the depletion of arginine, resulting from arginase overexpression. Arginase competes with iNOS for arginine, catalyzing its hydrolysis to ornithine and urea. In gliomas and ovarian sarcomas, low (.)NO levels are caused by inhibition of iNOS by N-chlorotaurine, produced by infiltrating neutrophils. Stimulated neutrophils express myeloperoxidase, catalyzing H2O2 oxidation of Cl- to HOCl, which N-chlorinates taurine at its concentration of 19 mM in neutrophils. In squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, ovarian cancers, lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, and breast cancers, low (.)NO concentrations arise from the inhibition of iNOS by N-bromotaurine, produced by eosinophil-peroxidase-expressing infiltrating eosinophils. Eosinophil peroxidase catalyzes the H2O2 oxidation of Br- to HOBr, which N-brominates taurine to N-bromotaurine at its concentration of 15 mM in eosinophils. In microvascularized tumors, the (.)NO concentration is further depleted; (.)NO is rapidly consumed by red blood cells (RBCs) through S-nitrosation of RBC glutathione and hemoglobin, and by oxidation to nitrate by RBC oxyhemoglobin. Angiogenesis-inhibiting antibodies are currently used to treat cancers; their mode of action is not, as previously thought, reduction of the tumor O2 or nutrient supply. They actually decrease the loss of (.)NO to RBCs.
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PMID:Apoptosis-inducing high (.)NO concentrations are not sustained either in nascent or in developed cancers. 1875 45

Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) present an impaired expression of immunoglobulin genes, but escape apoptotic death. We investigated whether nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are expressed by H-RS cells, studied their association with EBV status and the expression of apoptotic proteins, and investigated their relationship to the clinical outcome of 171 patients. NOS1 and NOS2 were expressed in a large number of cases, whereas NOS3 expression was not detected. Positive associations were found between NOS1 and p53, bax and NOS2, bcl-2 and NOS2, bax and p53, and between bax and fasL. Inverse correlations were established between EBV and NOS2 and between EBV and bcl-2. A shorter overall survival (OS) was associated with strong expression of NOS2. In conclusion, NOS are expressed by H-RS cells of cHL.
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PMID:Role of immunoexpression of nitric oxide synthases by Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells on apoptosis deregulation and on clinical outcome of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. 1883 May 69

This article gives an overview about the main nasopharyngeal pathologies and incidental findings, which a radiologist could be confronted with in daily practice. These include nasopharyngeal cysts, lymphoid hyperplasia, juvenile angiofibroma, carcinomas and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Typical radiological findings, possibilities for making a specific diagnosis, differential diagnosis and description of the spread of a neoplasm are the central points. Investigation techniques and clinical signs are briefly summarized.
HNO 2009 Aug
PMID:[Imaging of nasopharyngeal diseases]. 1963 75

A 72-year-old healthy male patient presented with a painless mass on the left cheek which had been growing for 3 months as well as swollen cervical lymph nodes. Computed tomography revealed a space-occupying lesion on the facial wall of the sinus. Biopsy and histological examination of the lesion and a lymph node revealed Hodgkin's and Sternberg-Reed cells. The diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease was confirmed immunohistologically by the detection of atypical blast cell infiltrates with reactivity for CD30 and CD15 surface antigens.
HNO 2009 Oct
PMID:[Intrasinusal and extrasinusal space-occupying lesion of the maxillary sinus]. 1976 Mar 81


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