Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Purified lymphocytes from venous blood of sixteen healthy adult subjects, eight patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and ten with Hodgkin's disease (HD), were examined for adenosine deaminase (ADA), cytidine deaminase (CDA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) and adenosine monophosphate deaminese (AMPA), after thawing and homogenization. The same cells were examined for the capacity to form E rosettes and to respond to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. In CLL a significant reduction (P less than 0-001) of AMPA, PNPase and ADA activities was observed without variation of CDA. In contrast in HD PNPase, AMPA and CDA were increased (P less than 0-01) while ADA was in the normal range. The E-rosette forming cells were significantly reduced in both diseases and the capacity to respond to PHA-stimulation was strongly impaired in CLL. By this experimental approach it seems possible to demonstrate different states of functional activity of the lymphocytic cells in two diseases characterized by reduced T-cell-mediated immunity.
 ...
PMID:Blood lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease: Immunological features and enzymes of nucleoside metabolism. 40 69

The interaction of levamisole and/or adenosine in vitro on E-rosette forming cells (RFC) of healthy subjects and on low RFC of patients affected with various diseases was investigated. Levamisole did not enhance normal RFC. The drug enhanced low RFC in some patients (responders) but not in others (non-responders). Adenosine inhibited normal and low RFC and this inhibition could be reversed by levamisole. Further, levamisole 150 mg 2 days a week was given to 12 Hodgkin's disease (HD) responders for 2 weeks, then 150 mg 1 day weekly for 2 1/2 months. After one week of treatment RFC increased and the enhancement could be maintained during the whole treatment period. Lastly levamisole in vitro and in vivo diminished serum adenosine deaminase activity in normal subjects and HD patients.
 ...
PMID:Action of levamisole on E-rosette forming cells and serum adenosine deaminase in Hodgkin's disease. 55 10

2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5OAS) has been studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nine patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) receiving therapy with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor deoxycoformycin (dCF) or alpha interferon (alpha-IFN). 2-5OAS mRNA was assayed by dot-blot hybridization. Increase of 2-5OAS mRNA level was seen in six patients with HCL treated with dCF and in one patient treated with alpha-IFN who responded to therapy. A patient with a variant form of HCL treated with dCF and the second patient treated with alpha-IFN did not show an increase of 2-5OAS mRNA and neither responded to therapy. The 15 other patients with T or B-chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia (CLL), T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), adult T-cell leukaemia lymphoma (ATLL), non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL), Sezary and T or B-prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) treated with dCF did not show an increase in 2-5OAS, though four patients, all with T-cell tumours, responded clinically. 2-5OAS activity is known to be stimulated by alpha-IFN and recent work suggests that this rise in 2-5OAS may result in increased cleavage of mRNA for tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and other cytokines on which autocrine growth and proliferation of the tumour cells are dependent. By analogy, we suggest that one mechanism of action of dCF in hairy cell leukaemia may be to break down an autocrine growth loop for TNF or other cytokines. An alternative explanation for these observations is that cytokines released from hairy cells in the bone marrow killed by dCF induce a rise in 2-5OAS in circulating leucocytes.
 ...
PMID:Increase in 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase caused by deoxycoformycin in hairy cell leukaemia. 155 Jul 76

Fludarabine phosphate is the 2-fluoro, 5'-monophosphate derivative of vidarabine (ara-A) with the advantages of resistance to deamination by adenosine deaminase (ADA) and improved solubility. The mechanism of cytotoxic action of the compound appears to involve metabolic conversion to the active triphosphate. Fludarabine phosphate has substantial activity against lymphoid malignancies, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Its single-agent activity in CLL appears at least comparable to those of other conventional combination regimens. Its activity in Hodgkin's disease, mycosis fungoides, and macroglobulinemia, although suggestive, needs to be further defined and clinical trials are warranted in hairy cell leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, and previously untreated myeloma. The compound does not appear active against most common solid tumors. Early clinical trials indicated significant myelosuppression and the potential for severe neurotoxicity. Toxicity on the currently used low-dose schedules includes transient and reversible myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, somnolence/fatigue, and elevations of liver enzymes and/or serum creatinine. Possible pulmonary toxicity has been suggested in several patients. The currently used low-doses of fludarabine phosphate, even with repeated administration, are well tolerated and appear safe with a negligible risk for severe neurotoxicity. Based on its single-agent activity and tolerability, the Food and Drug Administration recently granted group C designation of the drug for the treatment of patients with refractory CLL outside the clinical trials setting. The use of fludarabine phosphate in combination regimens and its impact on the natural history of the lymphoid malignancies is yet to be determined. Fludarabine phosphate may well occupy a pivotal role in the management of CLL and low-grade NHL.
 ...
PMID:Fludarabine phosphate: a synthetic purine antimetabolite with significant activity against lymphoid malignancies. 170 43

The purine metabolic enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and 5'nucleotidase (5NT) play an important role in normal lymphocyte differentiation. Abnormal levels of one or all of these enzymes have been associated with immunodeficiency diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders. ADA, PNP, and 5NT activity was measured in peripheral blood T cells from 24 patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) (12 in complete remission and 12 with active disease) to determine whether an association existed between enzyme abnormalities and the decreased cellular immune function previously described in this disorder. HD patients had a significantly decreased absolute lymphocyte count (1,618 +/- 1107/mm3; mean +/- SD) compared to controls (2,320 +/- 980; p less than .001). ADA, PNP, and NT activity was assessed in lymphocyte extracts by measuring the conversion of radiolabeled substrates to products over time. ADA activity expressed as mean +/- SEM nanomoles/10(6) lymphocytes/hr was significantly decreased in T cells from HD patients (84.6 +/- 7.5) compared to controls (128 +/- 12.3; p less than 0.025). Likewise, 5NT was significantly decreased in HD patients (12.7 +/- 1.3) compared to controls (24.0 +/- 3.6; p less than .005). There was not a significant difference in PNP activity between both groups. Low 5NT activity was present irrespective of whether patients had active disease (12.1 +/- 1.5) or were in unmaintained complete remission (14.5 +/- 2.4). These findings suggest that biochemical abnormalities may be responsible for or related to the persistent abnormalities in T-cell function noted throughout the clinical course of HD.
 ...
PMID:Decreased adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 5'nucleotidase (5NT) activity in peripheral blood T cells in Hodgkin disease. 301 Jul 5

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises a third of the cases of childhood ALL in Israel. This high proportion of T-ALL is most probably due to a deficiency in pre-B/common ALL. The T-ALL patients had significantly worse 4-yr survival compared to standard risk or non-T high risk patients. In view of these special epidemiologic and clinical features a study of the immunophenotype of all consecutive cases of T-ALL and T-non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) observed in our medical center was performed. Twenty-eight ALL and 3 NHL patients were studied and their cells characterized using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, TdT reactivity and E-rosette formation. Assays of the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) were also performed. Based on the surface antigen expression, the tumor cells could be classified into one of the three known developmental stages of T cells. It was found that the immunophenotype of the T-ALL cases in Israel was similar to that observed in other countries. Considerable heterogeneity of surface antigen expression was found and in a number of cases the phenotype analysis was not easily reconciled with models of T-cell ontogeny. The activities of ADA and NP were correlated with the developmental stage, as defined by the surface antigenic expression. Contrary to observations on normal T-cells, where ADA activity decreases and NP activity increases as T-cells mature and differentiate, this was not found in the malignant T cells. These findings as well as the existence of atypical immunophenotypes suggest that the leukemic T cell has an abnormal gene expression.
 ...
PMID:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Israel: clinical and laboratory features. 309 94

The relationship between the intracellular levels of DNA polymerase alpha (DP-alpha), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the degree of malignancy of human lymphomas was investigated. Twelve non-neoplastic lymph nodes and 88 malignant lymphomas were examined. For non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) the low or high grade of malignancy was established according to three classifications: the Rappaport, the Kiel and the Working Formulation for Clinical Usage, with the latter also recognizing an intermediate grade group. Non-neoplastic lymph nodes had significantly lower levels of all the three enzymes than those found in high-grade malignant NHL (the P value ranged from less than 0.02 to less than 0.001). Hodgkin's disease, a slowly evolving neoplasia, showed lower levels of DP-alpha (P less than 0.001) and ADA (P less than 0.001), but not of LDH, than high-grade NHL. Among NHL, whatever classification was used, the low-grade malignant lymphomas had significantly lower levels than the high-grade ones for all the three enzymes (P less than 0.005 or P less than 0.001). The intermediate-grade group of the Working Formulation differed from the high-grade group for DP-alpha (P less than 0.01) and ADA (P less than 0.02) but not for LDH. It differed from the low-grade group only for ADA (P less than 0.005). Lymphoblastic and Burkitt's lymphomas were the groups with the highest levels of the three enzymes. Among low-grade lymphomas very low values were found in the histological entities defined as DLWD in the Rappaport classification, CLL and lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma in the Kiel classification and small lymphocytic (group A) in the WF. The levels of all enzymes in these histotypes were always significantly different from the other low-grade histotypes, and from the intermediate-grade ones of the WF. In the Kiel classification polymorphous lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, recently recognized as a group with a quite aggressive clinical course, was characterized by high levels of all three enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Relation between enzymatic activities and the degree of malignancy of human lymphomas. 404 77

Activity of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) was studied in thrombocytes of donors and patients with various hematological diseases. The enzymatic activity was decreased in acute leukemia, chronic myeloleukemia, chronic leukemia and blast transformation myeloma, microspherocytic and hypoplastic anemias. Variable level of the activity was observed in chronic lympholeukemia and non-Hodgkin disease. In all the diseases studied functions of thrombocytes were altered after treatment with various aggregating agents (ADP, thrombin, collagen, adrenaline, ristomycin).
 ...
PMID:[Platelet adenosine desaminase in various hematological diseases]. 406 12

Enzyme activity measurements are of great relevance to the classification and biochemical characterization of the various types of leukemias, but they have been much less studied in solid lymphoid tumors. The authors report investigations in human lymphomas. The levels of the following enzymes were determined: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase alpha (DP alpha), adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), thymidine and uridine kinases (TK and UK, respectively), and thymidine phosphorylase (ThPh). Moreover, cytochemical investigations were done in the group of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), and ultrastructural studies were performed in seven of the nine LL of this series. These results were obtained: (1) TdT (90 cases) was highly specific for LL; eight of nine LL were positive, and all other histologic types were negative; the only TdT-, acid esterase (AcE) positive, nonconvoluted LL was probably related to TdT- normal medullary thymocytes, and had an unfavorable clinical course with resistance to a vincristine-and-prednisone-including treatment; (2) ADA (61 cases) could distinguish clearly between the high levels of LL and the low levels found in any other group of lymphomas; among LL, the highest values were found in T-cell-derived neoplasias, and the lowest value in a periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive, acid phosphatase negative case that showed the presence of large nucleoli at the ultrastructural analysis, a finding that is unusual for LL and possibly related to a more immature differentiation stage; (3) PNP (39 cases) values alone were not clinically relevant, but together with ADA levels, a subset of T-LL with high ADA:PNP ratio could be selected among LL; (4) DP alpha (61 cases), and TK and UK (37 cases) were found in concentrations reflecting the malignancy of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and were more elevated in the high-grade malignant lymphomas; (5) ThPh (34 cases) was always elevated in Hodgkin's disease, but low in Burkitt's lymphoma and LL; thus, they had a high TK:ThPh ratio that could be useful in predicting clinical response to thymidine treatment. The authors think that taken together, multiple enzyme determinations could be useful in the characterization of human lymphomas.
 ...
PMID:Multienzymatic analyses of human malignant lymphomas. Correlation of enzymatic data with pathologic and ultrastructural findings in Burkitt's and lymphoblastic lymphomas. 642 36

The activity of adenosine deaminase was determined in lymphocytes, erythrocytes and blood plasma of 73 patients with different haematological malignancies and also in healthy control subjects. The enzyme activities were measured using adenosine as substrate and by analysis of released ammonia. Statistically significant decreased enzyme levels in lymphocytes and partial also in erythrocytes were observed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma. The lower activities of ADA of these patients may be related to the impaired immunological function. In contrast in myeloid leukaemia, blast crisis of myeloid leukaemia and in acute leukaemias significant increased ADA levels in lymphocytes or blast cells were observed. Between the content of blast cells in peripheral blood and ADA activity of the mononuclear cell fraction exists a positive correlation. The increased ADA values of blast cells are a sign of an elevated purine metabolism.
 ...
PMID:[Adenosine deaminase activity in hemoblastoses]. 657 29


1 2 3 Next >>