Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Development of biological and clinical uses of in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been hampered by poor anatomic localization of spectra and poor resolution of overlapping signals within phosphomonoester and phosphodiester regions of the spectrum. We applied 1H-decoupling and nuclear Overhauser enhancement to improve resolution of 31P magnetic resonance spectra accurately localized to 21 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) by using three-dimensional chemical shift imaging. All 21 spectra had large phosphomonoester signals (26% of total phosphorus) that contained high amounts of phosphoethanolamine relative to phosphocholine. There were no signals from glycerophosphoethanolamine or glycerophosphocholine but only a broad signal from membrane phospholipids in the phosphodiester region (20% of phosphorus). Prominent nucleoside triphosphates (47% of phosphorus) and low inorganic phosphate (7% of phosphorus) indicate well-perfused tissue with viable cells. Mean intracellular pH was 7.23. These characteristics were similar in all grades and stages of NHL. By analogy with recently reported studies in cell lines in vitro, we hypothesize that the pattern of phospholipid metabolites observed in NHL in vivo is partly a manifestation of sustained activation of phospholipase C or D. The techniques we implemented permitted us to obtain more information about in vivo metabolism of NHL than has heretofore been available. This information is important for the establishment of appropriate experimental models and provides a basis from which to examine potential clinical uses of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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PMID:Metabolic characterization of human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in vivo with the use of proton-decoupled phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 761 63

The CD14 antigen was originally identified on monocytes as a differentiation marker and usually detected by a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including My4 and LeuM3. Recent studies have shown that CD14 antigen is expressed on Langerhans cells, a subject of normal B-lymphocytes, neutrophils, and subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. These antigens, however, react with My4, but not with LeuM3, and the reason for this has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that similar My4+/LeuM3- epitopes are expressed on the human monoblastic cell line, U937. Northern blotting demonstrated that the U937 cells express neither 1.4 kb CD14 transcripts nor possible alternative spliced forms of CD14 transcripts. The molecule was resistant to phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C, which effectively hydrolyzes glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchored protein, decay accelerating factor, on the same cells. Lipopolysaccharide, which down-regulates the expression of CD14 on monocytes, did not alter the expression of the molecule. We concluded that the My4+/LeuM3- molecule on U937 cells is not CD14 antigen but another surface protein. A similar molecule was also detected on B-lymphoma cells from a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and on polymorphonuclear leukocytes from healthy donors.
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PMID:A cell surface antigen that cross-reacts with My4, a monoclonal antibody to CD14, is expressed on human monoblastic cell line U937, B-lymphoma cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 947 87

The heterogenous group of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) is characterized by expression of the Ki-1/CD30 antigen, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. About 40 to 50% of cases diagnosed as ALCL contain a specific chromosomal rearrangement, t(2;5)(p23;q35), resulting in expression of the chimeric tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK. As NPM-ALK-positive lymphomas define a distinct subtype within the group of ALCL, the chimeric protein might be responsible for certain pathogenetic and clinicopathologic characteristics. To better elucidate the function of NPM-ALK, we investigated a possible mechanism for regulation of its activity. We demonstrate that NPM-ALK specifically binds to the intracellular domain of the cytokine receptor CD30. In vitro binding assays revealed that the ALK portion of NPM-ALK mediates interaction of the two proteins. Stimulation of the CD30 receptor by cross-linking with immobilized anti-CD30 antibody results in complete growth inhibition of Karpas 299, an NPM-ALK-positive ALCL cell line, but does not alter proliferation of HDLM-2, a Hodgkin's lymphoma-derived cell line lacking t(2;5). Western blot analysis of coimmunoprecipitated CD30 and NPM-ALK proteins from stimulated Karpas 299 cells showed that the interaction of the proteins is not modified by stimulation. Activation of CD30 neither enhanced NPM-ALK activity measured by autophosphorylation of the chimeric tyrosine kinase nor phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma, an NPM-ALK substrate. We conclude that NPM-ALK is not stimulated by CD30 activation, but exists as a constitutively hyperactivated protein. Interaction with CD30 may extend the subcellular localization of NPM-ALK to the microenvironment of membrane-associated proteins.
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PMID:The tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK, associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma, binds the intracellular domain of the surface receptor CD30 but is not activated by CD30 stimulation. 1064 97

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphomas characterized by the expression of CD30. More than half of these lymphomas carry a chromosomal translocation t(2;5) leading to expression of the oncogenic tyrosine kinase nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK). NPM-ALK is capable of transforming fibroblasts and lymphocytes in vitro and of causing lymphomas in mice. Previously, we and others demonstrated phospholipase C-gamma and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase as crucial downstream signaling mediators of NPM-ALK-induced oncogenicity. In this study, we used an ALK fusion protein as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen identifying NIPA (nuclear interacting partner of ALK) as a novel downstream target of NPM-ALK. NIPA encodes a 60-kDa protein that is expressed in a broad range of human tissues and contains a classical nuclear translocation signal in its C terminus, which directs its nuclear localization. NIPA interacts with NPM-ALK and other ALK fusions in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner and is phosphorylated in NPM-ALK-expressing cells on tyrosine and serine residues with serine 354 as a major phosphorylation site. Overexpression of NIPA in Ba/F3 cells was able to protect from apoptosis induced by IL-3 withdrawal. Mutations of the nuclear translocation signal or the Ser-354 phosphorylation site impaired the antiapoptotic function of NIPA. In NPM-ALK-transformed Ba/F3 cells, apoptosis triggered by wortmannin treatment was enhanced by overexpression of putative dominant-negative NIPA mutants. These results implicate an antiapoptotic role for NIPA in NPM-ALK-mediated signaling events.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of a nuclear interacting partner of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NIPA). 1274 72

The neoplastic cells in classical Hodgkin disease (Reed-Sternberg cells) are of B-lymphoid origin, but they lack many markers of this cell lineage, for example, immunoglobulin, CD20, and B-cell-associated transcription factors. In contrast, the neoplastic cells ("L&H" cells) in lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin disease retain the molecular profile of germinal center B cells. In this paper, we investigated the expression in Hodgkin disease (45 cases and 3 cell lines) of 5 intracellular signaling molecules found in B cells. The Src family kinase Syk, the B-cell adaptor protein BLNK, and phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma2 were consistently absent from Reed-Sternberg cells, whereas 2 other Src kinases (Lyn and Fyn) were heterogeneously expressed in a proportion of cases (12% and 42%, respectively). In contrast, the tumor cells in all cases of lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin disease were positive for Fyn, Syk, BLNK, and PLC-gamma2, and Lyn immunostaining was seen in a minority of biopsies. These results indicate that in Reed-Sternberg cells, the defect in B-cell lineage marker expression includes a spectrum of molecules involved in intracellular signaling, a finding in keeping with recent gene expression profiling studies. Furthermore, the clear difference in expression of signaling proteins between the 2 major subtypes of Hodgkin disease may be of diagnostic value.
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PMID:Expression of intracellular signaling molecules in classical and lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin disease. 1288 1