Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A multilaminar alteration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been observed in tumor cells of eight patients with Hodgkin's disease and a patient with histiocytic lymphoma. These multilaminar structures are more numerous in dividing cells and thus appear to arise primarily during mitosis. The stacked membranes in the multilaminar structures possibly result from abnormal sticking of organelle membranes, as evidenced in this study of adherence of ER to other elements of ER, nuclear envelope, mitochondria, or lipid droplets. Multilaminar ER was identified in all mitotic tumor cells, a rare mitotic plasma cell, and numerous interphase Hodgkin cells. The paucity of multilaminar ER in normal mitotic cells and its virtual absence for normal interphase cells suggest that this structure represents a pathological alteration in tumor cells from patients with Hodgkin's disease and histiocytic lymphoma. The multilaminar defect of ER is associated with other atypical features of ER in Hodgkin tumor cells, including the excessive length and curving of ER profiles, the collapse of the ER cisternae, and the overall sparsity of this organelle. Other abnormalities observed in mitotic Hodgkin tumor cells include the presence of disorganized microtubules, large cytoplasmic vacuoles, and abnormally clumped chromosomal material and the persistence throughout mitosis of bodies suggestive of nucleoli and of the nuclear bodies of interphase cells.
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PMID:Multilaminar endoplasmic reticulum and abnormal mitosis in Hodgkin tumor cells. 17 30

Pediatric patients presenting with anterior mediastinal masses between January 1980 and November 1988 were reviewed to assess the correlation between tracheal cross-sectional area and anesthetic risks. Forty-two patients had evaluable computed tomography (CT) scans and underwent a surgical procedure. Thirty-four patients had Hodgkin's disease, six had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and two had mediastinal teratoma. Tracheal cross-sectional areas were greater than 75% of expected in 19 cases, greater than 50% to 75% in 16 cases, greater than 25% to 50% in five cases, and less than or equal to 25% in two cases. The presence or extent of symptoms did not correlate well with the degree of tracheal narrowing shown by CT scan except for orthopnea. Local anesthesia was used primarily in patients with significant tracheal narrowing (tracheal size was less than or equal to 56% in 5 of 6 patients). General anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation by mask was performed in four patients with tracheal areas of 33%, 73%, 76%, and 98% of expected. General endotracheal anesthesia was utilized in the remaining 32 patients, only three of whom had tracheal areas of less than 50% of expected (down to 30%, 26%, and 24% of expected) and one received preoperative radiotherapy (26%). None of these 32 patients had symptoms of orthopnea or dyspnea at rest, and only one had dyspnea on exertion. All tolerated anesthesia without difficulty. No patient in this series suffered respiratory or cardiovascular collapse during surgery. Adequate biopsy material was obtained in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:CT quantitation of tracheal cross-sectional area as a guide to the surgical and anesthetic management of children with anterior mediastinal masses. 202 69

Temporal bone pathology is described in a 37-year-old man who had acute, bilateral, profound sensorineural hearing loss without improvement 4 months before death. The patient had suffered from low complement nephritis, for which he had received prednisolone therapy. Autopsy revealed malignant lymphoma with non-Hodgkin's type, membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis and necrotizing vasculitis of middle and small arteries. In the temporal bone study, pathological changes were limited to the cochlear region. The vestibular structure showed no detectable pathological changes. The changes included total absence of the organ of Corti, atrophy and/or disappearance of the stria vascularis in the upper turns, collapse of Reissner's membrane in the middle turn, and new bone formation in the apical turn.
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PMID:Acute bilateral deafness with nephritis: a human temporal bone study. 382 56

Four patients with endobronchial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are presented. Although endobronchial Hodgkin's disease is not uncommon, endobronchial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is extremely rare. All patients had disseminated disease at the time of their endobronchial involvement. Chest radiographs revealed hilar masses and/or varying degrees of lobar collapse in each case. Two had multiple endobronchial lesions. Three patients died within two years of the diagnosis of endobronchial disease. The fourth patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy for disseminated disease. Lobar collapse in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma should include endobronchial involvement in the differential diagnosis. Therapy should include chest radiation in an attempt to re-expand the collapsed lung lobes and systemic chemotherapy. Prognosis is guarded due to disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:Endobronchial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 634 1

Splenic irradiation in the course of therapy for lymphoma can result in functional deficit, sometimes as severe as that caused by splenectomy, placing the patient at risk for fatal infection. We examined 33 spleens obtained at necropsy from patients irradiated for lymphomas (mainly Hodgkin's disease) and compared them with 18 nonirradiated spleens from similar patients. One to 8 years after a mean radiation dose of 3899 rads, fractionated over 5-6 weeks, most irradiated spleens were small (average weight 75 g) and had thick, wrinkled capsules, often with focal hemorrhage. There was collapse of the parenchyma, with close apposition of trabeculae and mild to severe diffuse fibrosis of the red pulp. Lymphocyte depletion was obvious in more than 50% of the specimens. The most consistent alteration was myointimal proliferation of arteries. Significant intimal thickening was seen only in the irradiated specimens. Similar myointimal changes were found in the veins of three cases. While none of these changes is specific, their combination appears to be characteristic of delayed radiation injury to the spleen.
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PMID:Splenic injury caused by therapeutic irradiation. 727 Jul 81

Three patients with rounded atelectases are described. One of them developed a malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma 6 months after presentation with rounded atelectasis. His rounded atelectasis could be followed during 20 months and was unrelated to the appearance, complete remission after chemotherapy and relapse of a malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Rounded atelectasis of the lung is a little-known form of peripheral pulmonary collapse which may mimic a neoplastic tumour. It might be formed either because of a folding in a basal lung segment caused by temporarily pleural effusion, or because of initial damage to the pleura which leads to fibrosis and thus to challenge to the clinician, it should be emphasized that the benign nature of rounded atelectasis should be recognized by radiological techniques.
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PMID:Rounded atelectasis of the lung, just a benign disorder. 780 78

The finding of epithelioid cell granulomas within liver biopsies is a not uncommon occurrence. We undertook this study to investigate the underlying conditions responsible for a diagnosis of granulomatous hepatitis in Northern Ireland during the thirteen year period 1980-1992. One hundred and sixty-three patients with hepatic granulomas were identified, accounting for 4% of all liver biopsies undertaken during the period of the study. In 145 cases (89%) a definite clinical diagnosis was established. The most common clinical diagnoses were primary biliary cirrhosis which accounted for 90 cases (55%) and sarcoidosis which accounted for 30 cases (18%). Other less common conditions associated with hepatic granulomas included tuberculosis (3 cases), Crohn's disease (3 cases), chronic active hepatitis (2 cases), drug hypersensitivity (2 cases) and extra-hepatic biliary obstruction (2 cases). Six patients were identified with a clinical diagnosis of psoriasis. Other miscellaneous conditions accounting for single examples of granulomatous inflammation were schistosomiasis, gout, Hodgkin's disease, secondary adenocarcinoma, collapse and necrosis of tumour following radiotherapy and chemotherapy, granulomatous inflammation within the wall of an abscess cavity and idiopathic cirrhosis. Only eighteen cases (11%) remained idiopathic with no definite diagnosis established after detailed investigation. The findings confirm the wide range of clinical conditions which can result in hepatic epithelioid cell granulomas. This has been emphasised in several previous major studies which are reviewed in this paper.
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PMID:Hepatic granulomas in Northern Ireland: a thirteen year review. 782 89

Morphologic findings in the kidneys of 138 consecutive acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) autopsies performed at the Mexico City General Hospital between 1986 and 1991 were studied. A total of 87 cases (63%) had renal disease, 62 cases presented glomerular alterations, and 80 cases showed tubulointerstitial damage. Glomerular collapse was seen in 30 cases (48%), mesangial expansion in 22 cases (35%), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in 20 cases (32%) and glomerular proliferation in only eight cases (11%). Nephrocalcinosis was seen in 25 cases (31%). Thirty-six cases (45%) presented tubulointerstitial infections: Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 19 cases (23%), Cryptococcus in 10 cases (12.5%), Cytomegalovirus CMV in eight cases (10%), Gram-negative bacteria in 3 cases (3.7%), and one case with histoplasmosis. In six cases the pathogens were multiple. Two cases showed infiltration of large-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Based on the results obtained by autopsies, we conclude that in our country there is a high frequency of renal affection in AIDS patients. Clinically, this disease is infrequently diagnosed and not always related to the cause of death.
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PMID:AIDS-associated nephropathy: 5-year retrospective morphologic analysis of 87 cases. 977 91

Apoptosis is a physiological process wherein the cell initiates a sequence of events culminating in the fragmentation of its DNA, nuclear collapse, and finally disintegration of the cell into small, membrane-bound apoptotic bodies. Expression of Fas (APO-1, CD95) Receptor (FasR) and programmed or active cell (PCD) death was studied in childhood astrocytomas (ASTRs) with varying stages of malignancy, including pilocytic ASTR, low grade ASTR, anaplastic ASTR, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The great majority of childhood glial tumors, particularly ASTRs express FasR whereas normal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) do not. FasR represents a transmembrane glycoprotein which belongs to the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor (NGF/TNF) receptor superfamily. Apoptosis within ASTRs is triggered by the binding of FasR to its natural ligand (FasL) or by cross-linking with antibodies developed against FasR. Presence of FasL was also detected in childhood glial tumors. The expression of both FasR and FasL was also observed within the same ASTRs. Therefore, spontaneous, IP regulatory, intratumoral apoptotic cell death (autocrine suicide) is possible in childhood glial tumors. During a systematic, immunocytochemical screening of 42 childhood ASTRs tissues divided according to WHO classification: 6 WHO grade I or pilocytic ASTRs; 14 WHO grade II or low grade ASTRs; 16 WHO grade III or anaplastic ASTRs and 6 WHO grade IV or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), we detected strong expression (intensity of staining: "A"--the highest possible; number of stained cells: +2 to +4, between 20% to 90%) of FasR, employing 4 microns thick, formalin fixed, paraffin-wax embedded tissue slides. FasR was present on 70% to 90% of tumor cells in pilocytic ASTRs, in 50% to 60% of the tumor cells in low grade ASTRs, in between 30% and 40% of the tumor cells in anaplastic ASTRs, and in between 20% to 35% of GBM cells. The panel of normal tissues employed as positive and negative tissue controls demonstrated presence of FasR in the prenatal thymus, mature tonsils and colonic epithelium. The use of a sensitive, indirect, six step immunoperoxidase or alkaline phosphatase conjugated streptavidin-biotin antigen detection technique provided excellent immunocytochemical results. A broad spectrum of neoplastic cells have been identified to express FasR: 1) carcinomas of epithelial origin, such as breast (ductal invasive, lobular invasive, mucinous), renal cell, gastric, colorectal, endometrial, prostate, pancreas, hepatocellular and large cell and squamous cell lung carcinomas: 2) non-epithelial neoplasms such as B cell mediastinal B cell and nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas large granular lymphocytic leukemia of T or NK cell origin malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant mesothelioma, leiomyosarcoma, epitheloid sarcoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma, as well as melanomas. Flow cytometry studies have also detected FasR expression on cells of adult T cell, and hairy cell leukemias, as well as in chronic B cell lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL). The coexpression of both FasR and FasL on several malignant cell types may represent an effective mechanism of tumor escape from the cellular immunological response of the host. It has been well established that brain tumors and melanomas produce their autocrine FasL, and even become capable of switching the signal transduction associated with FasL-FasR coupling from the PCD pathway to a tumor growth, proliferative pathway. It seems that the therapeutical use of FasR-FasL (main apoptotic pathway) may represent a new and exciting type of immunotherapy in the treatment of primary childhood glial tumors.
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PMID:Fas (Apo-1, CD95) receptor expression in childhood astrocytomas. Is it a marker of the major apoptotic pathway or a signaling receptor for immune escape of neoplastic cells? 1058 78

A 53-year-old man sustained hemodynamic collapse due to a huge right atrial tumor and was transferred to our hospital and underwent a life-saving emergency operation. The tumor arose from the inferolateral wall of the right atrium, occupying almost the whole right atrial cavity and obstructing not only the inflow of the right ventricle but also the orifice of the inferior vena cava. Venous cannulation via the right atrial wall and placing a snare around the inferior vena cava were impossible. With a cardiopulmonary bypass using vacuum-assisted venous drainage, the tumor was successfully resected and the tricuspid valve was replaced with a bioprosthetic valve without snaring the inferior vena cava. Postoperative histological examination demonstrated the tumor to be a large B-cell non-Hodgkin type malignant lymphoma. When the tumor is large and it is difficult to establish total cardiopulmonary bypass, the vacuum-assisted cardiopulmonary bypass is a useful option. This can achieve a bloodless operative field and is not blocked by the incoming air, due to the venous drainage being continually pressure-regulated.
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PMID:Resection of giant right atrial lymphoma using vacuum-assisted cardiopulmonary bypass without snaring the inferior vena cava. 1545 78


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