Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We performed analyses of electrolytes, amino acids, albumin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, gamma-globulin and LDH in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin-lymphoma or acute myeloid leukemia. At the time of diagnosis signs of a disturbance of the blood-brain barrier were found in some patients. During induction treatment with L-asparaginase a rise of glutamic acid and a decrease of glutamine occurred. This finding correlated with slowing of the EEG. Treatment with vincristine was associated with a slight drop of sodium and chloride concentration in serum, but not in the cerebrospinal fluid. Central nervous system prophylaxis with cranial irradiation, and to a lesser degree with intravenous medium-dose methotrexate, gave rise to a further deterioration of the blood-brain barrier function as indicated by an increase in albumin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and LDH levels. During radiotherapy the concentration of several amino acids rose, probably due to a disturbance of active carrier mechanisms. Patients with elevated albumin at the end of radiotherapy more often suffered an early leukemia relapse while still on treatment. No other clinical or electroencephalographic correlations of altered barrier function could be found.
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PMID:Electrolytes, amino acids and proteins in lumbar CSF during the treatment of acute leukemia in childhood. 233 48

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are located within follicles of secondary lymphoid tissue and in lymph nodes of patients with germinal center cell-derived non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Reliable antigenic phenotyping of FDC within tissue sections has been difficult due to simultaneous labeling of the surrounding germinal center cells. Using an enzyme cocktail to digest human tonsils and cervical lymph nodes with subsequent fractionation by albumin gradient centrifugation, cell isolates containing up to 20% FDC were obtained. This preparation allowed the determination of antigenic phenotype on individual FDC. Molecules expressed by FDC were detected by an isotype-specific immunocytochemical double-labeling procedure, i.e. a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for FDC (KiM4 or DRC1) in conjunction with a mAb reactive against an additional antigenic determinant. Nonspecific binding of mAb to immunoglobulin Fc receptors located on FDC membranes was avoided by incubation of cells with human IgG aggregates prior to immunostaining. The results revealed that isolated FDC from these lymphoid tissues express transferrin receptors, the intercellular adhesion molecule 1, class II antigens, the B cell antigens CD20 and CD21, and the myelomonocytic properties CD11b and CD14. Immunoglobulin mu or gamma heavy chains and the B cell antigens CD23 and CD24 are detected on 50% of an isolated FDC population. These FDC are negative for the T helper cell antigen CD4, the B cell cell antigens CD19 and CD22, the immunolobulin alpha and delta chains and the S-100 protein. FDC isolated from lymph nodes of patients with low-grade malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma, identified by DRC1 or KiM4 mAb, presented the same antigenic profile as seen on FDC from nonmalignant tissue. This suggests that FDC from lymphoma tissue isolated in this manner have the same properties as those found in normal tissue.
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PMID:Antigenic phenotyping of human follicular dendritic cells isolated from nonmalignant and malignant lymphatic tissue. 235 15

We considered the prognostic factors in high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (HG-NHL) over the past two decades. In an effort to clarify the relationship between prognostic factors and therapy, we pooled the literature reports concerning 3,480 patients into four different periods according to the mean years of the clinical trials. The most important prognostic factors discovered in period A (mean year prior to 1970) were histology, symptoms and stage. In period B (1970 through 1975), in addition to the former indicators, two new factors were pointed out: bone marrow involvement and serum lactic dehydrogenase. In period C (1976 through 1980) the significance of stage was reduced, while bulk and measures of lymph nodal and extranodal involvement (LSI, ESI) were found to be better prognostic factors. In studies related to this period the prognostic role of albumin, hemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also emphasized. Period D (1980 through 1985) was characterized by a decrease in the importance of the Kiel and Working Formulation (WF) classifications by virtue of the better outcome, in different reports, of HG-NHL with respect to low-grade NHL. The conclusion of our analysis is that symptoms, ESI, bulk, LDH, albumin and hemoglobin should be the most important factors used today in planning the therapy and management of patients with HG-NHL. In addition, an update of the WF is necessary.
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PMID:Relationship between prognostic factors and therapy in high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas over two decades. 251 Nov 24

Serum albumin levels were measured by electrophoresis in 552 evaluable patients with Hodgkin's disease. Determinations were made on all patients at onset, on 224 after induction therapy and on 78 in relapse after remissions of variable length. At onset a discrete hypoalbuminemia was evident, inversely related to stage and more marked in symptomatic cases and elder patients. Little or no differences in albumin levels were found with relation to histologic subtypes, sex and presence of weight loss or hepatic damage. Posttherapeutic normalization of serum albumin occurred only after achievement of complete remission and failed after partial remission, while a new clear decrease became evident in relapse. On the basis of 799 albumin measurements during active disease and in remission, the albumin/alpha 2-globulin ratio demonstrated a clear and useful clinical advantage over either albumin or alpha 2-globulin fractions alone as indicator of active disease and relapse. If defective synthesis is the most accepted mechanism for hypoalbuminemia in Hodgkin's disease, these results suggest a casual factor somehow related to the tumoral mass.
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PMID:Serum albumin in Hodgkin's disease. 257 86

586 patients with Hodgkin's disease diagnosed between 1970 and 1979 were staged and treated in the same way. Multivariate analysis was used to delineate the prognostic roles of several clinical features at diagnosis. A multiple regression analysis was applied to an exponential model for survival-time distribution, which proved to fit the data accurately. Several clinical characteristics were studied and those that could singly discriminate survival significantly were chosen as predictive variables for the multiple regression. These were: sex, age, stage, histological subtype, presence of constitutional symptoms, mediastinal mass, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and haemoglobin and serum albumin concentrations. ESR, stage, histological subtype, and age proved to be the best prognostic factors, while sex and albumin had minor value. The presence of symptoms, mediastinal bulk, and haemoglobin were not so important. A linear equation for the six variables was derived to calculate the estimated median survival time for any given patient. This equation was validated on an external group of 179 similar patients.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease prognosis: a directly predictive equation. 289 13

Systemic disturbances in Hodgkin's disease at presentation are not only manifested by 'B' symptoms (weight loss, fever, and night sweats), but are also mirrored in the peripheral blood as raised sedimentation rate, low haemoglobin, low albumin, and abnormal lymphocyte counts. Such systemic disturbance is more common than consideration of classical 'B' symptoms alone would suggest. In a series of 840 patients, 88% had some form of systemic disturbance on these criteria. Survival after treatment was found to be closely and inversely related to the degree of systemic disturbance present before treatment. Patients with no evidence of such disturbance had an almost 100% survival at 10 years. In the absence of 'B' symptoms the sedimentation rate was the most useful prognostic blood parameter, enabling about one third of the patients to be identified as having an excellent chance of survival, and identifying a further 12% as having a survival almost identical to that of patients with 'B' symptoms. The latter patients were those with a sedimentation rate of 60 mm/h or greater, and it is suggested that the term 'Systemic Symptoms' should be broadened to include a sedimentation rate of this magnitude. The degree of malignancy of the tumour, as reflected by histopathology, plays a dominant role in determining the amount of systemic disturbance in the host. However, the amount of disturbance varies amongst individual patients with the same histopathological subtype, reflecting either differences in the malignancy of the tumour within such subtypes, or differences in the constitution of the host.
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PMID:Systemic disturbance in Hodgkin's disease and its relation to histopathology and prognosis (BNLI report No. 30). 358 67

Food intake and nutritional status were estimated in 34 cancer patients (14 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 20 patients with relapse of different cancers) and 25 healthy subjects (control group). A two-month dietary history based on Burke's method was used to estimate food intake. Nutritional status was expressed by weight, anthropometric parameters and hematologic parameters. The patients' intake of cheese, eggs, rye bread, and poultry was reduced compared to controls. The difference in food preferences resulted in a higher energy supply from carbohydrate and a lower intake of indigestible carbohydrate, vitamin B12, iron and iodine in patients than in controls. The groups did not differ in anthropometric parameters, but a decreased total serum protein, albumin and hemoglobin was observed in patients, whereas their alpha-globulin levels were increased. Thus, food preferences in cancer patients seem to be associated with insufficient intake of nutrients.
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PMID:Food preferences, nutrient intake and nutritional status in cancer patients. 368 83

The clinical significance of the DNA-malignancy grade (DNA-MG) was tested in 90 malignant lymphoma patients. Feulgen stained imprint smears from freshly cut lymph-nodes were investigated. DNA measurements were performed using various cytophotometers. The scalar DNA-MG, ranging from 0.1 to 3.0, was calculated from the variance of the tumor cells around the 2c peak. Except for the CLL, all entities of the Kiel classification for non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas showed considerable variation of the DNA-MGs. The DNA-MG, the age of the patients and the response to treatment were seen to have a significant influence on the survival time of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. In high grade lymphoma patients of the Kiel classification, the DNA-MG was found to provide additional prognostic information. The DNA-MG was strongly correlated with the ESR, low albumin concentration, low lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood, clinical and pathological staging, and the response to treatment.
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PMID:DNA-grading of malignant lymphomas. II. Correlation with clinical parameters. 380 Mar 28

Partial manifestations of the anti-tumor defence in the organism will sometimes lead to surprising changes in the clinical picture of the disease. This must be taken into consideration and, if possible, such therapeutical procedures must be chosen which do not interfere with the course of defence reactions. Therefore, the study of the organism's anti-tumor defence mechanisms is of theoretical as well as of practical value. In Hodgkin's disease a significant increase in phagocytic activity could be observed when the disease was in progress; during clinical remission the values returned to normal ones [181]. The phagocytic activity may be supposed to reflect the dynamic situation between the host and the tumor in man [196]. The determination of phagocytic activity may be useful as an indicator of the extent or activity of the disease [181]. Phagocytic function may be affected by a surgical intervention [46], radiotherapy [179, 183] and by anti-tumor chemotherapy [3, 209]. On stimulating MPS during the course of radiotherapy, improved clinical results have been observed [115]. When examining patients in the course of treatment and after it, a need was felt for methods that can easily be applied and that enable the state of the defence capacity of the organism to be taken into account. The measurement of the phagocytic activity of MPS in clinical practice by using the 131I labelled aggregated human albumin [115] can only be used at selected workplaces. Today, however, drugs and therapeutical procedures with immunosuppressive effects are virtually used in all workplaces where there are patients with malignant tumors. Therefore, an original method of phagocytosis of latex particles in vitro has been elaborated. This method is primarily aimed at orientation, but it may be employed in every hematological laboratory. It determines the intensity of phagocytic activity of leukocytes. The differences between the values obtained in cancer and those obtained in healthy subjects and patients with non-malignant disorders are highly significant. This statement has been made on the basis of 363 examinations performed in clinically healthy subjects, in patients with cancer and in patients with non-malignant disorders. The results were analyzed statistically and it has been found out that the phagocytic capacity of leukocytes is significantly activated in the presence of a pathological process in the organism. This activation is mush more evident in cancer patients than in patients with non-malignant disorders. Strikingly low values were observed in the terminal stage of the disease when the defence capacity of the organism has broken down. These findings induced us to consider the suitability of this kind of examination. It can be used alone or in combination with other methods for estimating the defence capacity of the organism, or for choosing the right therapeutical measures...
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PMID:Role of phagocytic cells in cancer. 617 May 45

An immunoperoxidase study of 20 cases of Hodgkin's disease demonstrated universal staining of Reed Sternberg cells and their mononuclear variants for both kappa and lambda light chains and, in all but one case, for IgG. Staining for IgA and albumin was variable and for IgD and IgM uniformly negative. A double staining procedure using two different chromogens produced the paradoxical finding of both light chain types within the same cell, but these could only be demonstrated sequentially and not simultaneously, suggesting a blocking phenomenon. The above findings coupled with the demonstration of muramidase and/or alpha-1-antitrypsin in Reed-Sternberg cells and their mononuclear variants in all but two cases studied favor a histiocytic origin for these cells. This characteristic profile of results is also very helpful in distinguishing Hodgkin's disease from other neoplasms which mimic Hodgkin's disease because of the presence of Reed-Sternberg-like cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of Hodgkin's disease. A study of 20 cases. 619 77


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