Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Unilateral tonsillar enlargement may result from infection, chronic inflammatory response, or neoplasm. Neoplasms that commonly produce a unilaterally enlarged tonsil include lymphomas (lymphocytic and histiocytic types) and squamous cell carcinomas. Rarer tumors include extramedullary plasmacytomas, Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, and metastatic neoplasms. Sixteen cases of unilateral tonsillar enlargement owing to causes other than squamous cell carcinoma are reviewed. When examining a patient with unilateral tonsillar enlargement, diagnosis of a neoplastic disease must be considered.
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PMID:Unilateral tonsillar enlargement. 53 Jun 94

A retrospective study of 116 children with Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in the period 1935-1970 was undertaken to assess the prognostic role of histopathologic classiciation and clinical extent of the disease. The ages of the 80 boys and 36 girls ranged from 2.5 years to 15.0 years (mean, 10.0 years). The histopathologic diagnosis by lymph node biopsy revealed lymphocyte predominance in 22, nodular sclerosis in 67, mixed cellularity in 24, and lymphocyte depletion in 3. Within the subgroup of nodular sclerosis, 47 biopsies had classic well-developed collagenous bands, whereas 20 were in the cellular phase (10 without collagenous bands and 10 with minimal collagen). The clinical extent of disease was determined. There were 33 patients with Stage I disease, 38 with Stage IIA, 12 with Stage IIB, 24 with Stage III, and 9 with Stage IV. Survival correlated with histopathologic type and clinical stage, but not with age or sex. Survival was not dependent on the degree of collagenization in nodular sclerosis. There were 28 patients who survived for more than 10 years. Four of these 29 subsequently died owing to acute myelomonocytic leukemia, carcinoma of the breast, sepsis, and progression of Hodgkin's disease, respectively. Neoplasms developed in two other long-term survivors (thyroid carcinoma in one, and multiple basal cell carcinomas in the other).
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease in childhood. 120 66

The authors investigated 26 regular sexual female partners of 24 men with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Neoplasms were diagnosed in 6 (23.1%) of the total of 26 women. STDs were found in 6 (23.1%) women. In 2 the cytologic findings on the cervix were classified as PAP III (PAP IIIa-CIN I, PAP IIIb-CIN III). Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix was found in 2 women (1 case PAP IV-CIN III; 1 case PAP V-suggestive of invasive carcinoma). Endometrial adenoacanthoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the right hand and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (centroblastic) were found in 1 case each.
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PMID:A study of possible causal relations between squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and carcinoma of the cervix uteri. 132 5

We conducted a diagnostic biopsy during a period of 8 years (January 1981 - December 1988) on 74 consecutive children (aged under 16 years) who attended the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, for chronic enlarged painless lymphadenopathy, with a view to determining the diseases that commonly present with this symptom in our environment. Histological diagnoses returned were predominantly tuberculosis, neoplasms and nonspecific reactive changes. Each of these conditions was evenly distributed among the entire age group. Neoplasms were mainly Hodgkins and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, with Burkitt's tumour the commonest childhood tumour in Nigeria not contributing significantly to the neoplastic lymphadenopathy. Regional enlargement rather than generalised lymphadenopathy seems to be dominant, the commonest sites of involvement being the cervical followed by the inguinal regions. Chronic lymph node enlargement appears to be rare in our environment and only a few disease conditions manifest with peripheral nodes despite the large number of infections and other inflammatory diseases in Nigerian children.
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PMID:Painless peripheral lymphadenopathy in Nigerian children. 145 35

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has, since it was first reported in 1981, become a worldwide epidemic. The immunosuppressive nature of HIV results in opportunistic infections, neoplasms, and other pathological conditions. Clinical manifestations of these conditions are often the first indication that an individual is infected with HIV. This article reports and describes the clinical findings for 174 HIV-positive patients and is intended to educate Thai physicians concerning the rising HIV infection rate in Thailand. The opportunistic infectious agents included fungal, parasitic, viral, and bacterial organisms. Cryptococcosis, penicillosis, candidiasis, and histoplasmosis are fungal diseases which are discussed. Protozoal organisms and diseases covered are Pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, isosporiosis, and Demodex folliculorum. Bacterial infections addressed are tuberculosis, syphilis, and salmonellosis. The parasite causing nocardiosis is also discussed. Viral infections addressed are cytomegalovirus infection, herpes simplex, and hairy leukoplakia. Neoplasms or tumors discussed are Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Other pathological conditions described are brain atrophy, HIV retinopathy, and HIV wasting syndrome. In most cases, a suggested therapy regime is given for the condition discussed.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of 174 AIDS cases in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. 840 18

In the Working Formulation (WF), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are grouped according to their clinical behavior. These disorders are listed as entities defined by morphology, phenotype, and cytogenetics in the proposed Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL), the clinical relevance of which is still debated. We analyzed 670 NHL cases included in two randomized clinical trials (EORTC 20855 WF-intermediate/high-grade and 20856 WF-low-grade malignancy) with histologic material available for review. Based on hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections, 77% of cases could be subtyped. Immunophenotyping was considered to be mandatory only in diagnosing T-cell lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Of 522 cases subtyped, 11% were mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 5% were marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL), 46% were follicle center lymphoma, and 32% were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Statistical analysis and comparisons between classifications were made only within each trial and treatment group. MCL and MZBCL were characterized by a shorter median survival (3.4 and 4.1 years, respectively) in comparison with low- and intermediate-grade WF groups (> 9.3 and 5.8 years, respectively). In terms of progression-free survival, MCL showed a behavior similar to the low-grade group, with frequent relapses. Follicle center cell lymphomas behaved as low-grade lymphomas as defined by the WF and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas as the WF-intermediate grade group. Because several NHL entities have a clinical behavior of their own, their recognition by the REAL classification offers clinicians additional information that is not obtained when the WF is used.
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PMID:Clinical analysis of 670 cases in two trials of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Cooperative Group subtyped according to the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms: a comparison with the Working Formulation. 863 96

Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma, low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and primary splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma (SMZCL) were originally described as distinct clinicopathologic entities. On the basis of morphologic and immunologic similarities, monocytoid B-cell lymphoma and lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue recently have been grouped together as nodal and extranodal types of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZBCLs) in the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms. Primary SMZCL, although related, is considered a separate provisional entity. Trisomies 3, 7, and 12 are common in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Several recent studies reported that MZBCLs arising in sites of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue have a high frequency of trisomy 3. To assess whether similar numerical cytogenetic abnormalities are present in MZBCLs with prominent monocytoid B-cell cytologic features, we performed a retrospective study, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 36 cases. By use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect chromosome trisomies, we identified trisomy 3 in 11 (85%) of 13 extranodal MZBCLs with monocytoid B cells (MZBCL-Es), in 6 (50%) of 12 nodal MZBCLs of monocytoid B-cell type (MZBCL-Ns), but in only 2 (18%) of 11 SMZCLs. Trisomies 7 and 12 were found at lower frequencies. These data suggest that trisomy 3 is a common numerical chromosomal abnormality of MZBCL-Es and MZBCL-Ns with monocytoid B-cell features. Despite similar morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics, the low incidence of trisomy 3 in the SMZCL cases implies that this process may be genetically distinct.
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PMID:Numerical cytogenetic abnormalities of chromosomes 3, 7, and 12 in marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. 890 37

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the most widely recognized 'new' classifications of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were those proposed by Rappaport (the 'Rappaport' classification) and by Lennert (the 'Kiel' classification). With the advent of immunologic and histochemical markers in the early 1970s, however, new concepts arose to supplement the traditional purely morphologic approach to diagnosis and classification of these tumors. Lymphomas were increasingly recognized to be neoplasms of the immune system, composed of malignant proliferations which retained many of the morphologic and functional characteristics of their normal counterparts. These advances led to a flurry of new classifications proposed in 1974-1976, leading to confusion for both clinicians and pathologists, perhaps most evident at the International Cancer Congress in Florence in 1974. To address this problem, the National Cancer Institute (USA) sponsored an international workshop of expert pathologists and clinicians on 4-5 September 1975. It became apparent at that meeting that only a well-planned retrospective study would provide data for meaningful progress and resolution of differences. From 1976 to 1980, such a massive collaborative project was accomplished and served as the basis for the Working Formulation for Clinical Usage, proposed as a vehicle for translation among the six tested schema. Since the Working Formulation was published in 1982 there have been momentous strides in scientific and clinical understanding of these cancers, fueled by contributions from immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology. To recognize and disseminate understanding of these newer observations, the International Lymphoma Study Group promulgated in 1994 a new proposal entitled 'A Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms'. As a sequel to another international assembly of pathologists and clinicians, held at the National Cancer Institute (USA) on 21-23 March 1994, a second large-scale retrospective study has been accomplished, the results of which were presented at the Sixth International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma, 5-8 June 1996, along with data from other institutions and cooperative groups. Concurrent with these events, the World Health Organization has enlisted a committee of expert pathologists to prepare a new edition of 'Neoplastic Diseases of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues'. Composed of 10 pathology subcommittees and a clinical advisory committee, with broad international representation, this body should generate in the near future a consensus proposal with broad scientific and geographic support. These historical and ongoing efforts in lymphoma pathology are a paradigm for progress in clinicopathologic understanding of all cancers.
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PMID:The problem of classifying lymphomas: an orderly prescription for progress. 920 32

After the publication of a Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL classification) in 1994, there have been reports from Europe and America regarding its practical utility and clinical significance. However, no studies have been published from Eastern countries including Japan. It has been well recognized that the distribution of malignant lymphoma in Japan is quite different from that seen in Western countries. In addition, some new entities have also been described in the REAL classification. Therefore, it seems important to examine its practical utility and clinical significance in Japan. Of the 579 cases reviewed, approximately 68% were B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) followed by 27% T-cell lymphomas. Hodgkin's disease (HD) comprised only 5% of all cases, making the ratio of NHL to HD 20.6. The most common type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma which represented about 37% of all cases. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas, unspecified (PTCL), occurred in 15% whereas marginal zone B-cell lymphoma followed (14.9%). However, follicle center lymphoma (FCL) was less common (4.4%) as has been previously reported. We evaluated the clinical significance of the new REAL classification in 244 cases. International Prognostic Index (IPI) was a powerful predictor of survival (p<0.0001), and the immunophenotype was significant (p<0.05). Furthermore, here, we also attempt to establish a prognostic scheme based on the histologic type. In conclusion, the REAL classification appears to be useful and clinically significant in Japan.
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PMID:Clinicopathological evaluation of the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL) in Japan. 1035 Mar 42

In the last decade many studies showed that primary cutaneous lymphomas have another clinical behavior and prognosis, and therefore require a different therapeutic approach, as compared with their primary nodal equivalents. Because, until recently, classification systems for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were purely based on histologic criteria, and did not recognize the special character of these lymphomas, primary cutaneous lymphomas were not uncommonly diagnosed incorrectly and/or treated inappropriately with unnecessarily aggressive therapies. For that reason the Cutaneous Lymphoma Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) proposed a separate classification for the group of primary cutaneous lymphomas. This EORTC classification is consistently based on a combination of clinical, histologic, immunophenotypical and genetic criteria, and includes well-defined and recognizable disease entities. It contains a limited number of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, which together constitute more than 95% of all primary cutaneous lymphomas. Herein, the rationale and the basic principles of the EORTC classification are presented, and the relationship between the EORTC classification and other recent classification systems, such as the Revised European-American Classification for Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL classification) and the proposed World Health Organization classification, are discussed.
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PMID:Rationale of a new classification for the group of primary cutaneous lymphomas. 1089 7


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