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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of Hodgkin's disease as a model for the evaluation and management of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas may not be appropriate. This latter group of different syndromes and diseases differs significantly in their clinical presentation from each other as well as from Hodgkin's disease. Survival must be separated from relapse-free survival since the latter is a measure of the effectiveness of any individual therapy being applied. Localized nodal lymphoma is uncommon, but important to identify since it is potentially curable by irradiation. Stage I nodular, non-histiocytic lymphomas treated by radiation results in significant, extended, relapse-free survival. All other localized nodal lymphoma is associated with a high proportion of patients relapsing outside the treatment portal. Whole body irradiation is a useful systemic agent causing regression for an extended period of time in stage III or stage IV nodular lymphoma. Chemotherapy seems to have a limited value in nodular lymphomas, with no clear evidence that combination chemotherapy is more effective than single agents. In diffuse lymphomas, aggressive chemotherapy shows more promise, with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma having extended relapse-free survival.
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PMID:The place of radiation therapy in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 6 8

Pleural effusion cells from two patients with stage IV Hodgkin's disease have been cultured continuously in diffusion chambers in mice and studied by electron microscopy after a culture period exceeding 100 days. Cell identity and monoclonal growth in culture has been documented by marker chromosomes (Hossfeld and Schmidt, 1978). These cultured cells grow in close connection, projecting pseudopode-like processes into the intercellular spaces. Most nuclei are lobulated. They always are of low electron density with a norrow rim of condensed chromatin confined to the nuclear membrane. One large prominent nucleolus and up to four smaller nucleoli are found. Nuclear pockets in case 1 and deep cytoplasmic invaginations into the nuclear area in both cases frequently occur. In the cytoplasm, besides microtubuli and fibrils, the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria are the predominant organelles. Most mitochondria appear to be dilated containing fragmented cristae. Free ribosomes and polysomal aggregates are randomly distributed. The ratio nucleoplasm:cytoplasm, on the average, is 0.7 in both cases and the cell diameters lie distinctly above those of lymphocytes. At the electron microscope level these cultured monoclonal cells of Hodgkin's disease are not distinguishable from those described in genuine Hodgkin material. Their probable origin and apparent relation to true histiocytic lymphoma cells will be discussed.
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PMID:The fine structure of monoclonal Hodgkin cells cultured in diffusion chambers. 15 67

A multilaminar alteration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been observed in tumor cells of eight patients with Hodgkin's disease and a patient with histiocytic lymphoma. These multilaminar structures are more numerous in dividing cells and thus appear to arise primarily during mitosis. The stacked membranes in the multilaminar structures possibly result from abnormal sticking of organelle membranes, as evidenced in this study of adherence of ER to other elements of ER, nuclear envelope, mitochondria, or lipid droplets. Multilaminar ER was identified in all mitotic tumor cells, a rare mitotic plasma cell, and numerous interphase Hodgkin cells. The paucity of multilaminar ER in normal mitotic cells and its virtual absence for normal interphase cells suggest that this structure represents a pathological alteration in tumor cells from patients with Hodgkin's disease and histiocytic lymphoma. The multilaminar defect of ER is associated with other atypical features of ER in Hodgkin tumor cells, including the excessive length and curving of ER profiles, the collapse of the ER cisternae, and the overall sparsity of this organelle. Other abnormalities observed in mitotic Hodgkin tumor cells include the presence of disorganized microtubules, large cytoplasmic vacuoles, and abnormally clumped chromosomal material and the persistence throughout mitosis of bodies suggestive of nucleoli and of the nuclear bodies of interphase cells.
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PMID:Multilaminar endoplasmic reticulum and abnormal mitosis in Hodgkin tumor cells. 17 30

A series of 55 biopsies from different types of malignant lymphomas were characterized in short-term culture experiments and during prolonged growth in vitro. The majority of the lymphocytic lymphomas and half of the histiocytic lymphomas expressed surface immunoglobulin, either in monoclonal or polyclonal form, indicating B-lymphocyte derivation. No lysozyme production was noted in either type of lymphoma, giving further support to the notion that histiocytic lymphomas are not truly histiocytic. Production of beta2-microglobulin was higher in histiocytic than in lymphocytic lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease but did not significantly differ from the production observed in non-neoplastic lymph node disorders. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine varied greatly within each category of lymphoma; the highest mean labelling index was noted in histiocytic lymphoma, possibly reflecting the generally more malignant course in such cases. Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen was observed in one case of Hodgkin's disease. Attempts to establish permanent tumor cell lines were successful only from two explants of lymphocytic lymphoma and one pleural effusion from histiocytic lymphoma. The two cell lines derived from lymphocytic lymphomas both exhibited B-lymphocyte characteristics. The histiocytic lymphoma line lacked lymphocyte markers, produced lysozyme and was found to be rich in cytoplasmic esterases. These features are consistent with a "true" histiocytic derivation of this line. Lymphoblastoid cell lines representing non-neoplastic EBV-carrying lymphocytes contaminating the biopsies were derived from 19 biopsies, with the highest frequency noted in cultures of biopsies from Hodgkin's disease. The tumor lines were all EBV-genome negative.
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PMID:Human malignant lymphomas in vitro. Characterization of biopsy cells and establishment of permanent cell lines. 21 94

Cancer chemotherapy was purely palliative until the early sixties. Tumor cures have been since obtained, first in malignant trophoblastoma and Burkitt's lymphoma, and more recently in Hodgkin's disease, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia in children, Wilms's tumor and osteosarcoma. Preliminary data are suggestive of tumor cures in testicular teratomas and, possibly, in small cell carcinoma of the lung. Five patients with trophoblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, melanoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia and anaplastic carcinoma of the lung are briefly presented, all without evidence of tumor relapse 3 years or more after chemotherapy. Theoretical bases for improvement of the curative effect of cancer chemotherapy are discussed, including the development of new agents, and new pharmacological problems concerning drug interactions, complexes of drugs with macromolecules or immunoglobulins and liposomes are considered.
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PMID:[Curability of malignant neoplasms: value and limitations of chemotherapy]. 21 68

The receptor patterns of cell suspensions from 29 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were correlated with the histology of the nodes from which the cells were taken. Twenty-two were judged to be predominantly or largely B-cell, and because of this preponderance these were divided by a method based on the distribution of surface immunoglobulin and the expression of Fc and C3 receptors. "Mature" B-cell and B-mixed tumours showing capping surface Ig with Fc and/or C2 receptors correlated well with a nodular growth pattern, and consisted of what Rappaport (1966) calls "poorly differentiated" lymphocytes equivalent to the "small cleaved" cells as defined by Lukes and Collins (1975). Ten of the 14 patients in this receptor category are alive between 12 and 30 months after diagnosis. Receptor-silent and "immature" B-cell tumours with non-capping surface Ig correlated predominantly with the Rappaport histiocytic lymphoma and Lukes and Collins' large cleaved and large non-cleaved lymphomas, though these histological categories also included a wide variety of other receptor types such as T-cell, Receptor-overlap and the single true Macrophage tumour. Five of the 11 patients with receptor-silent or immature B-cell tumours are alive between 7 and 15 months after the diagnosis. Diffuse mixed and diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas in Rappaport's classification correlated poorly with receptors, mature and immature B-cell tumours being equally represented.
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PMID:Correlation of surface receptors with histological appearance in 29 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 30 96

Seventy-one previously untreated patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas were studied with several readilyvailable tests of immune function: number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulins, and delayed hypersensitivity to six recall antigens. The results were correlated to histology (Rappaport classification), stage (Ann Arbor classification), the presence of symptoms, and survival. As a group, 38 patients with diffuse lymphomas exhibited marked impairment in reactivity to five of six antigens (p less than 0.03 to p less than 0.001). In addition, lymphopenia and reduced levels of serum IgA were found in association with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Among patients with diffuse lymphoma, lymphocyte number and skin test reactivity tended to be greater in those with localized disease or without constitutional symptoms, and survival was superior for patients free of symptoms (p less than 0.01). As a group, 33 patients with nodular lymphoma had normal numbers of lymphocytes, lower levels of serum IgG and IgA, and significant impairment of reactivity to two antigens (streptokinase-streptodornase and mumps; p less than 0.01); reactivity to three other antigens (Candida albicans, coccidiodin, and tuberculin) was normal. Survival for patients with nodular lymphoma was superior (p less than 0.01) compared to those with diffuse lymphomas. In summary, severe immunodeficiency was found in patients with diffuse lymphoma (particularly diffuse histiocytic lymphoma), and definite but much less severe immunodeficiency was characteristic of patients with nodular lymphoma.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas. 31 45

Sixty patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were treated with a cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) induction regimen, either alone (stage IV) or in combination with radiotherapy (stages I, II, III). The response rates for lymphocytic and histiocytic lymphomas were 82 and 86%. The complete remission (CR) rates were 66 and 71% with a median duration of 13 and 5.5 months respectively. Nodular types responded better than diffuse ones in both lymphocytic (CR rate 85% vs 45%; median duration 24+ months vs 2.5 months) and histiocytic lymphoma (CR rate 100% vs 0%). In lymphocytic lymphomas, survival in the responder group was 90% at 24 months vs only 20% in the nonresponder group (median survival 14.2 months). In the group with nodular lymphocytic lymphoma responding to therapy, there was a 100% survival rate at 24 months. The median survival for patients treated with chemotherapy alone (stage IV) and not responding to therapy, was 22 months vs 14.5 months in the whole nonresponder group (stages I, II, III, IV), suggesting a detremental effect of rediotherapy in the nonresponder group. In histiocytic lymphomas, the median survivals in the responder and nonresponder groups were 19 months and 3 months respectively. These results corroborate the excellent efficacy of the CVP regimen. They also indicate that, after CVP induction, 2 major prognostic factors are the histologic type and the nature of the response to therapy.
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PMID:Combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone, followed by maintenance chemotherapy, with and without radiotherapy, in the management of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 32 Apr 48

Tissues from 21 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were examined for immunologic cell surface markers. Patterns of distribution of complement receptor (CR) B lymphocytes and Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing histiocytes in tumor tissue were evaluated and compared to routine histologic preparations of the tumors and to normal tissue. The lymphomatous infiltrates from all 6 cases of nodular, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (NPDLL) consisted of dense populations of CR B lymphocytes. Involved tissue from 7 of 8 patients with diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (DPDLL) was predominately comprised of CR B lymphocytes. Discrete nodules of CR B cells were present in a lymph node replaced by DPDLL. FcR were identified on the cells from 1 of 3 cases of histiocytic lymphoma. None of the 4 cases of undifferentiated lymphoma possessed demonstrable surface markers in tissue section; however, the cell suspension from 1 case contained a high percentage of CR B cells. Both CR and T cell markers were present on the cells of DPDLL of childhood.
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PMID:Immunologic surface markers in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 32 4

Two cases of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the breast were studied with light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy, according to Rappaport's classification, one was a poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, the other a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. However, the ultrastructural features of the latter were more consistent with transformed lymphocytes. The differential diagnosis with medullary and poorly differentiated carcinomas of the breast is discussed. The first case had rapid dissemination as did most of the cases reported in the literature.
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PMID:Primary lymphoma of the breast: ultrastructural study of two cases. 32 50


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