Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The major advances being made in the understanding of the biology of human lymphoid malignancies have shown these to be a heterogenous group of tumours with respect to a variety of biological markers. The cell proliferative rate, an important determinant of tumor aggressiveness and response to therapy, is one of the biological phenomena currently being investigated in the lymphoid malignancies, particularly in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In this paper we describe the techniques used in the analysis of cell proliferation in the lymphoid malignancies, and review the patterns of cell proliferation found in the various types of these tumours and the clinical relevance of these findings. We indicate that differences in cell proliferative rate are an important determinant of the response of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas to current therapeutic modalities and may explain the paradox that a significant number of reputed unfavorable tumors are now curable. Finally, we suggest that inherent differences in the proliferative rate of the neoplastic cell(s) of the so-called favorable histological types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas may determine histologic progression as well as therapeutic responsiveness.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of markers of cell proliferation in human lymphoid malignancies: a concise review. 676 2

The authors have investigated the cytokinetic behaviour of 23 cases of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas. In all cases diagnosis was established on the basis of histological, cytoimmunological and cytochemical data. The study, carried out with the aid of autoradiographic techniques, indicates that the various histological subclasses are characterized by a different metabolic and kinetic behaviour: the aggressiveness of the malignant lymphoma is closely related to the rate of growth of the lymphomatous cell populations, as assessed by the mitotic index and the labelling index with 3H-thymidine. The study of the synthesis and metabolism of RNA provides not only useful information on the energy requirements necessary for the neoplastic growth, but, when employed in association with immunohistochemical techniques for the detection of intracytoplasmic Ig synthesis, it defines more accurately the functional characteristics and the differentiation potentialities of the neoplastic populations in different cases.
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PMID:Autoradiographic studies on lymph node populations from non-Hodgkin B lymphomas. 677 48

An analysis of complications of therapy requires long-term and frequent followup. Reported here is a review of 179 consecutive children with Hodgkin's disease from Stanford University Medical Center who were seen, treated, and followed over a 20-year period. Complications of treatment are related to the extent of disease and the aggressiveness of therapy. Severe complications from radiotherapy are associated with high-dose, extended-field treatment in preadolescent children. Severe chemotherapy-associated complications include immunosuppression, sterility, and secondary oncogenesis. As cure rates are increasingly optimistic among children with Hodgkin's disease, successful treatment with minimal morbidity remains our greatest challenge. Therapy programs require continual refinement utilizing assessment of short- and long-term side effects of treatment.
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PMID:Complications of treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children. 707 58

Glucose metabolism has been shown to be increased in neoplastic tissue. It has been suggested that high activity of glucose metabolism is associated with a high grade of malignancy of human cancer. We studied in vivo glucose metabolism in 22 patients with untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). FDG uptake in lymphoma deposits was measured blinded to clinical data, and compared with histologic classification and proliferative activity. Tracer uptake was measured by using two indices of FDG accumulation: the standardized uptake value (SUV) and the regional metabolic rate (rMR) for the tracer. The median SUV of the lymphomas was 8.5 (range, 3.5 to 31.0), and the median rMR 22.7 mumol/100 g/min (range, 9.0 to 124.3 mumol/100 g/min). A high FDG uptake in tumors was associated with high histologic degree of malignancy as defined by the Working Formulation (P = .005 for the SUV, and P = .04 for the rMR) or by the Kiel classification (P = .003 for the SUV, and P = .02 for the rMR). A high FDG accumulation was also associated with a high S-phase fraction (r = .786 for the SUV, P = .0002; and r = .774 for the rMR, P = .02). We conclude that in untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas high FDG uptake is associated with high histologic grade of malignancy and a high proliferation rate. This minimally invasive method may find application in assessing lymphoma lesions in patients who are poor candidates for surgery, and it may provide further information in cases where the grade of aggressiveness of lymphoma is not settled based on clinical or histologic data.
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PMID:Increased glucose metabolism in untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a study with positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose. 757 59

Interactions between cancer cells and laminin, a major component of basement membranes, are mediated through a large variety of cell surface proteins designated as laminin receptors. Among the above proteins, a 67-kd monomeric high affinity laminin receptor (67 LR) has long been suspected to be involved in tumor progression. In this study we wished to establish whether the 67 LR molecule is detectable on tumor cells of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), to define its pattern of expression, and to assess the potential utility of 67 LR in differentiating these pathological entities. Morphological and immunohistological studies were performed on 85 specimens of HD and a series of 334 NHL specimens, including anaplastic large cell (ALC) (CD30-positive) lymphomas (73 specimens). For immunohistochemical assessment of the 67 LR we used the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) MLuC5 directed against the 67-kd laminin receptor on paraffin-embedded sections. Reed-Sternberg cells reacted with MLuC5 MoAb in four of 85 (4.7%) HD specimens. Among the NHL specimens, a MLuC5-positive reaction was expressed in 3.3% of B-cell lymphomas. They all belonged to the high grade subtypes. On the other hand, a MLuC5-positive reaction was detected in none of the T-cell lymphomas tested. In contrast to the results obtained with the other NHLs, in 30.2% of ALC (CD30-positive) lymphoma specimens, tumor cells reacted with MLuC5 MoAb. MLuC5-expressing ALC (CD30-positive) lymphoma cells were of either T-cell (six of 17 specimens), B-cell (three of 25 specimens), or undetermined phenotype (10 of 31 specimens). Our investigation has shown that 67 LR as shown by MLuC5 MoAb is detectable only in neoplastic cells of a fraction of ALC (CD30-positive) lymphomas and small subsets of B-cell high grade NHLs and HD. The restricted expression of the 67 LR molecule to ALC (CD30-positive) lymphomas provides a potential tool for the phenotypic separation of this pathological entity from HD and other lymphomas. Whether the detection of the 67 LR expression in these lymphoma subsets may be related to the aggressiveness of the disease remains to be ascertained.
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PMID:Expression of the monomeric 67-kd laminin-binding protein in human lymphomas as defined by MLuC5 monoclonal antibody and paraffin section immunohistochemistry. 1008 60

More aggressiveness in treatment of childhood malignancies has had an evident impact on survival and rate of cure but, it has also allowed us to discover long-term effects of these treatments, and second malignant tumors of them. Between 1970 and 1993, 472 cases of malignant tumors in childhood were diagnosed in our department. Six of them (1.27%) developed a second tumor (five malignant and one benign). Relationship between first and second tumors are: seven years old boy, cervical lymphosarcoma-thyroid carcinoma; eleven years old boy, osteogenic sarcoma-vesical carcinoma: two years and six months old boy, cerebellar astrocytoma-soft tissue osteogenic sarcoma; five years old girl. Wilm's tumor-scapular osteogenic chondroma; one year and a half old girl, abdominal neuroblastoma-granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma); twelve years old boy. Hodgkin's disease-acute myeloblastic leukemia. All of them were clearly related to concogenic effect of radiation or chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Second tumors in childhood]. 776 70

Organ transplant recipients receive immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft rejection. This treatment has been associated with higher rates of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) than in the general population. We assessed the incidence of NHL in a multicentre study of 45,141 kidney transplant patients and 7634 heart transplant recipients. The NHL rate was especially high during the first post-transplant year among both kidney transplant recipients (101 cases vs 2.7 expected in general population; 224 per 10(5)) and heart transplant recipients (93 vs 0.6 expected; 1218 per 10(5)). The incidence was lower in subsequent years (43 and 371 per 10(5) in kidney and heart transplant recipients). During the first year the NHL incidence was higher in North America than in Europe (relative risk 2.12 [95% CI 1.55-2.89]). There were also significant increases in risk for patients who received rejection prophylaxis with antilymphocyte antibodies (1.80 [1.31-2.46]) and in those who received both cyclosporin and azathioprine rather than another immunosuppressive combination (1.47 [1.03-2.08]). This study quantified the risk of NHL after kidney or heart transplantation. It suggests that the risk of NHL is related to the aggressiveness of the immunosuppressive regimen.
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PMID:Incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in kidney and heart transplant recipients. 790 76

Hodgkin's disease (HD) is not currently accepted as an AIDS diagnostic criterion by the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta), although there are reports on a higher incidence of the disease in HIV infected patients, with the special feature of a marked clinical and histological aggressiveness. A review of the literature was made and a total of 54 cases of HD compiled of patients with HIV infection. The relationships between the absolute counts of CD4 and the CD4/CD8 ratio with histopathology and with the stage at diagnosis was investigated. No significant differences were found between the absolute counts of CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio with the clinical stage of disease, histopathologic subgroup or presence of B symptoms in HD. Nevertheless, lower CD4 counts were observed in more advanced clinical stages and in patients with B symptoms; the highest CD4/CD8 ratios were observed in patients with more advanced disease. It is hypothesized that immunological disturbances caused by HIV would lead to more aggressive histological lesions and more advanced stages of HD in HIV-positive patients. Thus, the inclusion of HD as a diagnostic criterion of AIDS would be warranted.
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PMID:[Hodgkin's disease and HIV: relations between CD4/CD8 rate, histology and stage]. 793 23

The authors examine some specific forms of precancerous states of the oral cavity, selecting them from among the 4 classes defined by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Precancerous Lesions. The immunological system is given particular emphasis. In fact, as studies progress, it appears to be more and more involved not only in the increase in the incidence of such pathologies, but also in the most difficult, if not unknown, genesis of these pathologies. Highly significant examples of this involvement are: Kaposi's Sarcoma, Hairy Cell Leukoplakia, Lichen and Mycoses. Particularly significant aspects for Erythroplasia consist in the following: slow development, frequent and rapid changes in the clinical aspects and its strict connection with Bowen's Disease and Queirat's Erythroplasia. The latter lend further confirmation of its definite precancerous nature and as such, it requires radical surgical treatment. Compared to other forms, the Epidemic variety of Kaposi's sarcoma more frequently affects the oral-salivary glands and structures, the lymph nodes and the laterocervical area. Together with non-Hodgkin tumors, this represents the class of neoplasms most frequently occurring in subjects affected by AIDS. Its "atypical" aggressiveness involves the liver and pancreas and develops over much shorter time periods than the other varieties. In any case, when possible, the treatment required is the excision of the lesions. Neither radiation therapy nor polychemotherapy have yielded encouraging results as yet. In the case of Leukoplakia, it should be kept in mind that today, this pathology is defined "negatively" be exclusion that is the condition must exist that this lesion cannot be clinically or pathologically defined as another lesion. It thus follows that the clinician must maintain an extremely cautious approach in such cases. As concerns prognosis, particular attention should be given to raised, hardened, irregular and fissured forms, which manifest the greatest degenerative capacity. for the classic forms, the treatment adopted is complete exeresis, whereas the use of antiviral drugs is recommended for Hairy Cell Leukoplakia. Lichen Ruber Planus is a papuliferous eruption that is relatively common and affects the skin and mucosa often exclusively involving the oral cavity in the great majority of cases. Besides the clinical picture, the diagnosis of this disease is based on the triad consisting of hyperkeratosis, destruction of the cells of the stratum basale and subepithelial lymphocyte infiltration at distinctly low levels. In uncertain cases, however, the detection of Fluorescent Bodies grouped in large clusters near the hyaline membrane, acquires particular importance for the specification of the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Precancerous conditions of the oral cavity. Note II--Pathology and clinical course. Critical review of the literature]. 798 30

The B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL-B) are a common, but heterogeneous group of human lymphoid neoplasms, consisting of monoclonal populations of neoplastic B lymphocytes demonstrating non-random chromosomal abnormalities, often associated with proto-oncogene translocations. Clinically and pathologically, these lymphomas are classified as low, intermediate, or high grade, according to the clinical aggressiveness of the NHL-B subtype. The clinical behavior can also be correlated with biological function regarding proliferative capabilities of the tumor cells. Our studies have shown that the low grade B cell lymphomas have low constitutive proliferative capacity in vitro and do not respond to cytokine growth factors (CGF), while the high grade NHL-B respond to the B cell growth factor (BCGF) family of CGFs. The high grade NHL-B also secrete BCGFs both in vitro and in vivo, as autocrine growth factors that may provide a target for new therapeutic approaches to therapy.
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PMID:Human B cell lymphomas: in vitro and in vivo studies on growth factors and cell growth. 848 70


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