Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors determined the phenotypes of neoplastic cells in true histiocytic lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis by using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies and enzyme histochemistry procedures. Although the phenotypes overlapped slightly, the authors noted a distinct pattern in these tumors. The tumor cells of malignant histiocytosis generally expressed the monocyte markers CD11b, CD11c, CD14, and CD45, especially after induction with phorbol ester. In contrast, the tumor cells of true histiocytic lymphoma exhibited a marker expression very similar to that of Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease. These cells expressed markers CD30, 2H9, and 1A2, but rarely expressed CD11b, CD11c, CD14, or CD45. Regardless of their cytologic features, the tumor cells from both types of histiocytic lymphoma exhibited diffuse nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase activities, and they expressed histiocyte markers CD15, CD68, LN5, 1E9, and M387 to varying degrees. The tumor cells from both lymphomas did not exhibit T- or B-cell markers, T-cell receptor or immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, or gene translation products, even when they were induced with phorbol ester. The phenotypic expression in these two histiocytic malignancies suggests that they are derived from different types of histiocytes, or from histiocytes in different stages of maturation or differentiation, or from histiocytes that have distinct mechanisms of tumorigenic transformation. The expression of circulating monocyte markers in malignant histiocytosis suggests that this tumor originates in monocytes or free histiocytes, whereas the phenotype of true histiocytic lymphoma is compatible with an origin in fixed histiocytes, which generally are devoid of the monocyte markers CD11b and CD14.
 ...
PMID:Lymphomas of true histiocytic origin. Expression of different phenotypes in so-called true histiocytic lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis. 164 37

The My4 antibody, one of a number of monoclonal antibodies that react with the CD14 antigen, was originally reported to weakly stain monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes. However, recent studies have shown that the My4 antibody also stains normal peripheral blood B lymphocytes and some subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Thus, the authors have studied a large series of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas stained with the My4 antibody. In frozen sections of reactive lymph node biopsy specimens, the My4 antibody strongly stained mantle zone B lymphocytes and weakly reacted with dendritic reticulum cells and histiocytes. In a series of 245 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the My4 antibody stained 111 (45%) cases: 108 of 189 (57%) B-cell lymphomas, 3 of 50 (6%) T-cell lymphomas, and 0 of 6 null cell lymphomas. My4-positive B-cell lymphomas occurred in all histologic subtypes with the exception of small noncleaved cell lymphomas. Follicular lymphomas were most often My4 positive (82%). My4 antibody staining showed no correlation with Working Formulation grade. All three My4-positive T-cell lymphomas had a mature T-cell phenotype. Seventy-six of the 111 (68%) My4-positive lymphomas were also analyzed with at least one other anti-CD14 antibody, either Mo2 and/or Leu-M3. In all cases the antigens that react with Mo2 and Leu-M3 were not expressed. Thus, the staining of reactive and neoplastic B cells by My4 appears to be unique to this antibody and is not a feature of all anti-CD14 antibodies.
 ...
PMID:My4 antibody staining of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 170 92

We have noted what other preliminary reports have also described as a new specificity of the MY4 monoclonal antibody from Coulter Immunology which previously was designated to only have myelogenous CD14 specificity. The MY4 marker appears to characterize a subpopulation of some B-lymphocytic malignancies that are CD19, CD20, surface immunoglobulin as well as MY4 positive. The results occurred when other myelogenous markers such as CD11b, CD13 and CD33 were unreactive. Another monoclonal antibody marker of CD14 specificity, MO2, did not demonstrate a similar reactivity. Various other monoclonal antibodies of the same IgGI subclass as MY4 were also not reactive and thereby excludes non-specific adsorption as an explanation of the results. The six patients described in this report represented five non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases and one chronic lymphocytic leukemia case. Fifteen B-lymphocytic leukemias and 30 other B-lymphocytic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas analysed during the same period were not MY4 positive. In reviewing the clinical course of the six patients compared to the general behavior of these types of malignancies and making a speculative generalization from the small group of cases, the MY4 antigen appeared to be expressed by low to intermediate grade B-lymphocytic malignancies of a type that were more rapidly progressive and/or had a greater tendency to undergo a transformation of their malignancy. Two of the three transformed cases were proceeded by chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
 ...
PMID:MY4 expression on B-lymphocyte malignancies may be associated with a more adverse prognosis. 204 87

Two Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg cell (H-RS) lines, HDLM-1 and KM-H2, have phenotypes and functional properties very similar to those of H-RS cells in tissues. These two types of cells were induced to differentiate with a combination of phorbol ester, retinoic acid, and extracellular matrix. The induced cells displayed the morphology of histiocytes or histiocytelike cells, with a small, round or oval, eccentric nucleus and abundant cytoplasm. In ultrastructural studies, many cytoplasmic projections and rugae were observed. These induced cells exhibited abundant cytoplasmic lysosomal enzymes, such as esterase, acid phosphatase, alpha 1-antitrypsin, or lysozyme. The histiocytic nature of these induced cells was further confirmed by the increased expression of many monocyte/histiocyte markers, including CD11b, CD11c, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33, CD68, Mac387, and 1E9. In functional tests, the induced cells were shown to produce interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and/or prostaglandin E2. Phagocytosis was detected in less than 5% to 10% of the cells when Candida albicans was added to cultures. The results strongly suggest that H-RS cells are related to cells of histiocyte lineage.
 ...
PMID:Cultured Reed-Sternberg cells HDLM-1 and KM-H2 can be induced to become histiocytelike cells. H-RS cells are not derived from lymphocytes. 216 11

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are located within follicles of secondary lymphoid tissue and in lymph nodes of patients with germinal center cell-derived non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Reliable antigenic phenotyping of FDC within tissue sections has been difficult due to simultaneous labeling of the surrounding germinal center cells. Using an enzyme cocktail to digest human tonsils and cervical lymph nodes with subsequent fractionation by albumin gradient centrifugation, cell isolates containing up to 20% FDC were obtained. This preparation allowed the determination of antigenic phenotype on individual FDC. Molecules expressed by FDC were detected by an isotype-specific immunocytochemical double-labeling procedure, i.e. a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for FDC (KiM4 or DRC1) in conjunction with a mAb reactive against an additional antigenic determinant. Nonspecific binding of mAb to immunoglobulin Fc receptors located on FDC membranes was avoided by incubation of cells with human IgG aggregates prior to immunostaining. The results revealed that isolated FDC from these lymphoid tissues express transferrin receptors, the intercellular adhesion molecule 1, class II antigens, the B cell antigens CD20 and CD21, and the myelomonocytic properties CD11b and CD14. Immunoglobulin mu or gamma heavy chains and the B cell antigens CD23 and CD24 are detected on 50% of an isolated FDC population. These FDC are negative for the T helper cell antigen CD4, the B cell cell antigens CD19 and CD22, the immunolobulin alpha and delta chains and the S-100 protein. FDC isolated from lymph nodes of patients with low-grade malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma, identified by DRC1 or KiM4 mAb, presented the same antigenic profile as seen on FDC from nonmalignant tissue. This suggests that FDC from lymphoma tissue isolated in this manner have the same properties as those found in normal tissue.
 ...
PMID:Antigenic phenotyping of human follicular dendritic cells isolated from nonmalignant and malignant lymphatic tissue. 235 15

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are restricted to the B-cell regions of secondary lymphoid tissue and to non-Hodgkin's lymphomas derived from the follicular center or the mantle zone. With their cytoplasmic ramifications they form a dense network which contains the B-lymphocytes. In situ, FDC are only detectable at the ultrastructural level or when stained with anti FDC-reagents. On the surface of their dendritic extensions they express transferrin receptors (CD71), the B-cell epitope CD20, class II antigens, the myelomonocytic molecule CD14, the glycoprotein gp50 (CD40), and several receptors for components of the complement system (CD11b, CD21, CD35). Subsequent to an antigen challenge, FDC trap and retain immune-complexes for a long period of time. In vitro FDC and neoplastic lymphocytes spontaneously form small cellular aggregates. This adhesion is mediated by the LFA-1-alpha/beta = ICAM-1, the VLA-4 = VCAM-1, and the ICAM-1 = C3bi- receptor ligand pathways on B-cells and on FDC, respectively. The loss of LFA-1- alpha/beta and ICAM-1 molecules may enable neoplastic lymphocytes to detach from FDC. The monoclonal B-cells now invade new compartments. In vitro, FDC have the capacity to activate resting B-cells and to save them from dying by apoptosis. Signals involved in this activation include cell-surface immunoglobulin and CD40. Immunocytochemistry and autoradiography with single cell suspensions of neoplastic B cells suggest that FDC also provide signals leading to the continued stimulation of lymphoma lymphocytes. During the early stage of HIV infection lymph nodes show an immense follicular hyperplasia, with a massive increase of the dendritic network of FDC. In the later stage of the disease, the continuous involution of the germinal centers is associated with a progressive destruction of FDC.
 ...
PMID:Follicular dendritic cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 785 1

The experiments have been undertaken whether DNA contents could be measured using whole blood lysis method by FACScan. Cell population in the phases of G1, S and G2 + M were well analyzed, when we used 3 x 10(6) cells lysed with 0.1% Triton X-100 in 1 ml of phosphate buffered saline, staining with 30 micrograms/ml of propidium iodide (PI) within 30 min after staining with PI. We have further developed cell cycle analysis for cells bearing lineage specific antigens recognized with FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibodies using two color analysis. When we fixed cells with 50% ice-cold ethanol after staining cells with FITC-conjugated antibodies, positive population ratio in these cells have been unchanged before and after fixing for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8. CD10, CD19, CD14, CD33, and HLA-DR, but CD7 positive cells were markedly decreased after fixing. Using this method, CD41 positive leukemia cells have 3.4% in S phase and 6.8% in G2 + M phase, while CD41 negative cells have 1.8% in S phase and 2.0% in G2 + M phase in a patient with AML: M7, resulting leukemia cells were rich in S phase and G2 + M phase. The similar results were obtained in patients with AML:M2 using CD33 antibodies. During the clinical course, the changes of the blast numbers were well-correlated with changes of S-phase proportion in the patient with AML:M2. Among 47 patients with hematological malignancies in our hospital tested here, only 2 cases with 4.3% of total patients showed to have aneuploidy in malignant cells. One is a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the other is myelodysplastic syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of DNA contents in hematological malignant cells using whole blood lysis method]. 799 13

Results of immunophenotypic examinations of peripheral blood and/or bone marrow (BM), involved in low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, were compared with the results of cytomorphological and histopathological examinations in 133 adult patients. 69 cases of chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), 16 centrocytic (CC) lymphomas, 14 centroblastic-centrocytic (CB/CC) lymphomas, 15 immunocytomas (IC), 10 cases of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), four prolymphocytic leukaemias (PLL), two B-CLL in transformation, one splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL), one hairy cell leukaemia variant (HCL-V), and one lymphocytic lymphoma (LC) were classified according to the Kiel and/or FAB classification. Leukaemic disease was found in 105 cases. The following markers were used for immunocytology (APAAP technique) of blood and/or BM smears: CD19, CD5, CD10, CD11c, CD14, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD25, CD38 and TdT. All cases tested showed CD19, but no TdT expression. Every case of HCL had a distinct phenotype with expression of CD11c, CD22 and CD25 and the lack of CD5 and CD23 antigens. In all other NHL cases a very heterogenous expression of CD-antigens with no significant correlations to the cytomorphological subtypes was found. The expression of CD5 is a frequent but inconstant finding in lymphoproliferative diseases other than B-CLL, so 50% of CB/CC, 75% of CC and 80% of IC were CD5 positive. Our results indicate that, with the exception of HCL, the diagnostic relevance of immunophenotyping for the classification of cytomorphologically and histopathologically defined subtypes in blood and/or BM is of very limited value.
 ...
PMID:Immunophenotyping of low-grade B-cell lymphoma in blood and bone marrow: poor correlation between immunophenotype and cytological/histological classification. 825 6

The chromosomal aberration t(2:5) resulting in the juxtaposition of NPM and ALK genes is a well-known feature of several Ki-1+ anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) of the T-cell type. However, conflicting results have been reported concerning the presence of this gene rearrangement in other ALCL and Hodgkin's disease (HD), respectively. We performed NPM/ALK RT-PCR on 14 cases of ALCL expressing distinct myelomonocytic markers, e.g. CD11c, CD13, CD14 or CD68, but neither T-cell nor B-cell associated antigens (null cell phenotype). The specific translocation was found exclusively in six childhood tumours previously diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis (MH), whereas all adult lymphomas (three ALCL without characteristics of MH, three secondary ALCL following HD) and two paediatric cases of secondary ALCL following HD did not show NPM/ALK gene fusion products. By Southern blotting, the status of T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (IgH) were investigated; two patients with initially diagnosed MH had the TCRdelta-chain gene rearranged (Ddelta2-Ddelta3 and Vdelta1-Jdelta1, respectively). IgH rearrangements were detected in only one patient with secondary ALCL. Our data indicate a high association of previously diagnosed MH and NPM/ALK gene rearrangements. In one case, this specific translocation was demonstrated at an early stage of development; in another, a mature TCRdelta-chain gene rearrangement was detected. These data support the hypothesis of a lymphoid origin of this subgroup of Ki-1 positive ALCL previously diagnosed as MH.
 ...
PMID:NPM/ALK gene fusion transcripts identify a distinct subgroup of null type Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas. 861 79

Immunophenotyping of cells by flow cytometry has become a routine test to diagnose pulmonary and mediastinal diseases. Peripheral blood, extravascular fluids, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and suspension of single cells obtained by fine-needle aspiration can be used. Peripheral blood (MOAb for immunophenotyping of lymphocytes: CD14, CD45, CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8, CD16/56, HLA DR, CD38, CD25) is the material of choice for detection and monitoring of immunodeficiences. BAL (MOAb for immunophenotyping of lymphocytes: CD14, CD45, CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8, CD16/56, HLA DR) is used mainly for differential diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (low CD4/CD8 ratio) and sarcoidosis (high CD4/CD8 ratio). The enumeration of alveolar macrophage subsets is an important tool to establish diagnosis of histiocytosis X (CD1a > 3%). Extravascular fluids, suspension of single cells and BAL are preferred materials for detection and classification of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (MOAb for immunophenotyping of lymphocytes: CD14, CD45, CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8, CD16/56, HLA DR, CD38, CD25, CD23, CD5, CDl1c, CD30, light chain immunoglobulins).
 ...
PMID:[Flow cytometry for extensive thoracic diagnosis]. 920 29


1 2 3 Next >>