Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytogenetic abnormalities in non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) provide a model system for the analysis of the role of multiple genomic aberrations in human malignancy. In order to define correlations with histology, tumor evolution, and the effects of genotoxic exposure, cytogenetic analysis was performed on 434 specimens of NHL derived from 423 patients consecutively ascertained over a 5-year period (1984-1989). Six recurring translocations (RT) were observed: t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(8;14)(q24;q32), t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(3;22)(q27;11), t(2;5)(p23;q35), and t(1;6)(q21;q25). No translocation was specific to a single histologic subtype. Other structural chromosome abnormalities were analyzed according to break site; groups of related breaks were considered together for statistical analysis. Recurring other structural and numerical aberrations (ROA) encountered in greater than 10% of specimens included rearrangements with breaks at bands 1p32-36, 1q21-23, 6q21-25, and trisomies of chromosomes 7 and 12. ROA with one of these breaks or numerical abnormalities were the sole abnormalities in at least two cases. Correlations were observed among ROA and between ROA and histologic subtypes. Trisomy 7, breaks at 1q21-23, 1p32-36, 6q21-25, and 7q32 were associated with t(14;18); trisomy 18 was associated with trisomy 3; and structural abnormalities of chromosome 17 were associated with breaks at 1p32-36 and 6q21-25. Trisomy 7 and trisomy 12 were more frequent in t(14;18)-bearing intermediate to high grade tumors compared to low grade tumors. Trisomy 12 and breaks at band 1p22 were associated with large cell diffuse lymphomas. Incidence rates of reciprocal translocations, ROA, and measures of karyotypic complexity, including number of breakpoints and marker chromosomes were compared in pretreatment and posttreatment samples. Karyotypic complexity was greater in the posttreatment samples, reflecting an increased frequency of nonrecurring and low incidence aberrations. These results better define the association of genomic aberrations and tumorigenesis, histologic transformation, and tumor progression.
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PMID:Cytogenetic analysis of 434 consecutively ascertained specimens of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlations between recurrent aberrations, histology, and exposure to cytotoxic treatment. 186 33

Chromosomal findings in malignant lymphomas are correlated to the histopathology and the immunologic phenotype of lymphoma subgroups. The prognostic significance of a cytogenetic analysis and its value for therapy planning are discussed. With respect to tumorigenesis it is emphasized that a number of proto-oncogenes and genes for cell differentiation, such as immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes, have been localized at sites of recurring chromosomal rearrangements. One chapter deals with cytogenetic data in correlation to findings of DNA recombination studies in Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:[Chromosome aberrations and malignant lymphomas]. 331 44

Reports of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphocytic leukemia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-like immune disorders have been increasing. In some cases, histologic alterations of lymph node architecture may precede the development of malignant lesions. Early in the course of the disease, clinical profiles of these patients are indistinguishable from those of patients with AIDS-associated opportunistic infections, but rapidly evolving extranodal lesions often signify the establishment of a lymphoproliferative neoplastic process. The frequent involvement of the central nervous system is responsible for the dismal outcome of the disease in a significant number of patients. A high death rate and poor response to antineoplastic agents have often characterized the course of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia, but some patients with Hodgkin's disease have had a favorable response to treatment and a long survival. Aggressive multidisciplinary treatment may effectively avert the devastating consequences of this array of lymphoreticular neoplasms. Studies of these intriguing disorders may provide a better understanding of the interrelationships of infection, immunity, and oncogenesis in man.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoreticular lesions in patients with immune disorders resembling acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): review of 80 cases. 352 32

Although supported by a number of experimental models, the assumption assigning a crucial role to the immune system in the antineoplastic defense mechanisms has not been convincingly demonstrated so far for human tumors. Should the theory be correct, severe functional impairment of the immune system would obviously result in the occurrence of tumors with abnormally high frequency. Registry holdings systematically collecting pertinent information on the malignancies developed in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases or in organ transplant recipients maintained on therapeutically-induced immune depression, as well as the observation of tumors occurring in patients treated with immunosuppressive agents and of second malignancies arising after radio- and/or chemotherapy of the primary tumor consistently indicate that depressed immunity is usually associated with an increased incidence of cancer as compared with that expected in the general control populations. However, not all types of tumors are increased to the same extent, in that lymphoreticular neoplasias (especially non-Hodgkin's lymphomas), acute leukemias as second tumors and, among solid neoplasms, squamous cell carcinomas are those most frequently reported. These observations suggest that even deeply impaired tumoricidal immune mechanisms may facilitate the growth of certain tumors only, especially of those arising from the cells of the immune system itself, in remarkable contrast with their frequency in the general population. Oncogenesis may be favoured in various states of depressed immunity by a number of ways. Their elucidation might have bearing on the comprehension of the more general phenomenon of the neoplastic transformation.
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PMID:[Immunological deficiency syndromes, immunosuppression by drugs and occurrence of neoplasms: a casual association?]. 409 54

The epidemiologic similarities between Hodgkin's disease in the young and paralytic poliomyelitis suggest that Hodgkin's disease may be a rare consequence of a common infection, with the probability of oncogenesis increasing with age at the time of infection. In a study of 225 cases and 447 controls 15 to 39 years of age, we investigated the association of Hodgkin's disease with factors in childhood that influence age of exposure to infectious agents. Risk among persons with five or more siblings was nearly half that among those with one or none; risk was also reduced among persons of late birth order. Subjects who had lived in multiple-family homes had half the risk of those in single-family housing. Cases had fewer playmates and better-educated mothers than did controls, and cases had twice the rate of infectious mononucleosis. Risk is therefore associated with a set of factors that tend to decrease or delay early exposure to infections, and this association might be explained by a viral origin of the disease, with age at infection as a major modifier of risk.
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PMID:Childhood social environment and Hodgkin's disease. 625 29

High-dose radiation (in excess of 2500 rads or centiGray) to the head and neck area is reputedly infrequently associated with the emergence of thyroid nodular disease. Thirty-three patients who underwent high-dose radiation and who developed thyroid nodular disease have been described. Radiation was originally administered for hyperthyroidism in 11 patients, postmastectomy in five, oral cancer in three, Hodgkin's disease in three, facial hirsutism in three, hemangioma in three, cancer of the larynx in one, skin cancer in one, desmoid tumor of the neck in one, Ewing's tumor in one, and pituitary tumor in one. Treatment included radioiodine in 11, external radiation in 21, interstitial radiation in one, and combined radiation in one. Associated head and neck neoplasms included four parathyroid tumors, one osteogenic sarcoma of the maxilla, two basal cell cancers of the facial skin, and one parotid gland carcinoma. The study group consisted of five men and 26 women varying in age from 22 to 75 years, with a duration of latency of effect varying from 1.5 to 50 years. Thyroid disease consisted of 21 cancers, six adenomas, four colloid goiters, and two cases of thyroiditis resulting in four deaths caused by cancer, for a 20% mortality rate. Consideration of radiation beam behavior showed that isodose curve, penumbra effect, back scatter, and special field resulted in the thyroid gland receiving a low dose, namely under 2500 rads. Clinical factors such as an overlooked goiter, coincidental carcinoma, error in presumption of dose, and second primary malignancy were also considerations. True biologic radiation oncogenesis may have been seen in our radioiodine-treated group with hyperthyroidism as well as the group with Hodgkin's disease who underwent mantle irradiation. It is apparent that for whatever reason and by whatever means and by whatever mechanism, high-dose radiation to the head and neck area can result in significant thyroid disease, and patients undergoing such radiation should be followed with this in mind and considered for thyroid feeding on a prophylactic basis.
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PMID:High-dose radiation and the emergence of thyroid nodular disease. 650 71

Of 526 consecutive patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, 21 had first-degree relatives with lymphoproliferative or hematopoietic malignancies. Twenty-nine such tumors occurred in the 21 kindreds. Hodgkin's disease accounted for one-third of this total, with various leukemias (11 cases), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (five cases), and multiple myeloma (three cases) comprising the remainder. These data suggest that genetically-determined immunoregulatory abnormalities may represent a shared pathway of oncogenesis in diverse lymphoproliferative and hematopoietic malignancies.
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PMID:Lymphomas and leukemias in the relatives of patients with mycosis fungoides. 705 83

An analysis of complications of therapy requires long-term and frequent followup. Reported here is a review of 179 consecutive children with Hodgkin's disease from Stanford University Medical Center who were seen, treated, and followed over a 20-year period. Complications of treatment are related to the extent of disease and the aggressiveness of therapy. Severe complications from radiotherapy are associated with high-dose, extended-field treatment in preadolescent children. Severe chemotherapy-associated complications include immunosuppression, sterility, and secondary oncogenesis. As cure rates are increasingly optimistic among children with Hodgkin's disease, successful treatment with minimal morbidity remains our greatest challenge. Therapy programs require continual refinement utilizing assessment of short- and long-term side effects of treatment.
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PMID:Complications of treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children. 707 58

While radiotherapy and antineoplastic chemotherapy often control malignancies they may, paradoxically, cause new cancers to develop as long-term complications. Although almost any type of neoplasm can occur, radiation-induced malignancies are most likely to affect the myelopoietic tissues and the thyroid gland. The former tissues are also most frequently involved by chemotherapy. The combination of intensive radiotherapy and intensive chemotherapy is particularly leukemogenic. Acute myeloid leukemia has occurred with increased frequency following treatment of Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, polycythemia vera, carcinoma of the thyroid gland, and carcinoma of the breast. Radiation-induced malignancies usually occur in the field of irradiation. For example, radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix may be followed by the development of carcinomas of the endometrium, vagina, urinary bladder, colon , rectum, and anus, as well as mesotheliomas of the peritoneum and osteosarcomas of the pelvis. Tumors developing in an irradiated field include a substantial number of soft tissue sarcomas or osteosarcomas. There is a 20-fold increase of second cancers following treatment of childhood malignancies, mostly sarcomas of bone and soft tissues, but including leukemia, and carcinomas of the thyroid gland, skin, and breast. The latent period between radiotherapy and the appearance of a second cancer ranges from 2 years to several decades, often being 10-15 years. With chemotherapy the mean latent period is shorter, approximately 4 years. The mechanism of oncogenesis by radiotherapy or chemotherapy is poorly understood and probably involves a complex interplay of somatic mutation, co-oncogenic effects, depression of host immunity, stimulation of cellular proliferation, and genetic susceptibility. The danger of developing second malignancies following radiotherapy or chemotherapy emphasizes the need for lifelong follow-up of patients given these forms of treatment; particularly in those with a long life expectancy as are those treated for childhood neoplasms.
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PMID:Second neoplasms following radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer. 708 Nov 42

A total of 186 specimens of Hodgkin's disease of various histologic types (127 nodular sclerosis, 39 mixed cellularity, 14 lymphocyte predominance, 3 lymphocyte depleted, and 3 unclassified) were evaluated for the presence of latent membrane protein (LMP) and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-2, two Epstein-Barr virus encoded gene products that appear to play important roles in cell transformation and oncogenesis. Immunoreactivity for LMP was observed in Reed-Sternberg cells and variants of 27/39 (69%) cases of mixed cellularity type, 18/127 (14%) of nodular sclerosis type, 2/3 cases of lymphocyte depleted type, and 1/3 cases of unclassified type. All cases of lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease were nonreactive for LMP. In cases that were reactive for LMP, staining was restricted to Reed-Sternberg cells and variants. Other cells within the proliferation, e.g., lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils, fibroblasts, etc., were nonreactive. The pattern of immunoreactivity for LMP was characterized by strong diffuse cytoplasmic staining, occasionally with membrane accentuation and/or paranuclear staining. Reactivity for LMP was demonstrated in cryostat sections and was also well preserved in paraffin sections of B5- or formalin-fixed tissues. Five of six specimens of Hodgkin's disease (4 mixed cellularity and 2 nodular sclerosis type) that occurred in HIV-positive patients exhibited immunoreactivity for LMP in Reed-Sternberg cells and variants. Cryostat section studies for Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-2 using monoclonal antibody PE-2 failed to reveal staining for 43 cases (26 nodular sclerosis, 12 mixed cellularity, and 5 lymphocyte predominance) after a 2-h incubation with primary antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein in Reed-Sternberg cells and variants of Hodgkin's disease. 752 May 86


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