Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the possible carcinogenicity of phenoxy herbicides and related chlorophenols and dioxins, the International Agency for Research on Cancer is coordinating an international collaborative study of workers exposed to these compounds in their production or use. Four British cohorts of chemical manufacturers which have been recruited to the survey are described. They comprise a total of 2239 men employed during 1963-85. These subjects were traced to 31 December 1987 through the National Health Service Central Register and the National Insurance Index, and their mortality compared with that in the national population. Two deaths were from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with 0.87 expected. Both deaths occurred more than 10 years after first exposure to phenoxy compounds. One further non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was registered in a living subject with probable exposure to phenoxy compounds. No cases of soft tissue sarcoma or Hodgkin's disease were recorded. A nonsignificant excess of lung cancer (19 deaths observed, 14.2 expected) is probably attributable to chance or a confounding effect of smoking. In one cohort only there was increased mortality from circulatory disease (34 deaths observed, 20.4 expected). A nested case-control study did not point to any occupational cause for this excess, but further evaluation will be needed during continued follow up.
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PMID:Mortality and incidence of cancer at four factories making phenoxy herbicides. 201 8

In older persons, the humoral immune response, as reflected morphologically by proliferation and expansion of germinal centers, is relatively subdued in comparison with the florid reactive follicular hyperplasia (RFH) which may be observed in younger age groups. The presence of RFH in lymph node biopsies in patients 60 yr or older, which we have regarded with concern since 1972, appears to represent an imbalance of the immune system, in some patients, on the background of which predominantly non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHL) may be present or will develop. Fifty-eight patients 60 yr old or more who presented with enlarged lymph nodes exhibiting inappropriate RFH for age were identified during the interval from 1969 to 1989. An apparent etiology was initially identified for the reactive follicular hyperplasia in only 12 cases: five with documented rheumatoid arthritis; one each with a history of trauma, positive monospot test, and combination of thrombophlebitis and fungal skin infection, and two each with elevated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) titers and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositivity. While most were alive or died of nonlymphomatous causes and one was lost to follow-up, 18 (31%) patients either had concurrent lymphoma or subsequently developed diffuse NHL. There were ten diffuse interfollicular (I-Foll) lymphomas (six concurrent), two diffuse mixed cell lymphomas (DMCL), one diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), one diffuse immunoblastic sarcoma (DIBS), two diffuse small noncleaved cell lymphomas (DSNCL), one unclassified NHL, and only one Hodgkin's disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical implications of nodal reactive follicular hyperplasia in the elderly patient with enlarged lymph nodes. 202 Jun 58

The authors review the available evidence on cancer risk associated with exposure to agricultural chemicals. Agricultural workers generally show a lower cancer mortality compared with other occupational categories. This observation is currently believed to be due to lower cigarette consumption. However, for some types of tumours (lymphoma, leukaemia, myeloma, soft tissue sarcoma, skin, prostate, brain and stomach tumours), mortality is higher among agricultural workers. The only chemical substances used in agriculture for which the IARC Monographs have established the existence of sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity for man are arsenical compounds and mineral oils; for other substances there is clear evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals, mostly in the absence of human data. In the case of exposure to phenoxyacetic herbicides, the available epidemiological evidence is contradictory, with excesses of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and soft tissue sarcoma reported in some studies but not in others. Cohort studies have been performed among insecticide production workers and spray operators (with excesses of lung tumour), and among grain processing workers (with excesses of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in particular). A number of case-control studies are also available, especially concerning tumours of the lymphatic and haemopoietic systems and ovarian tumours.
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PMID:[Exposure to agricultural chemicals and oncogenic risk]. 208 40

We have examined expression of the smg p25A (a ras p21-like GTP-binding protein) gene in neural crest-derived tumor cell lines and neuroblastoma tissues. The human neuroblastoma cell lines GOTO, IMR-32, NB-1, and SK-N-SH expressed the 1.6-kilobase smg-25A mRNA. SH-SY5Y and SH-IN, variant cell lines with a neuronal phenotype derived from SK-N-SH, expressed much more smg-25A mRNA than did SH-EP1, a variant line with an epithelium-like phenotype also derived from SK-N-SH. The primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell lines SK-N-MC and KU-SN and the Ewing's sarcoma cell lines RD-ES and SK-ES expressed the smg-25A mRNA to a much smaller extent than did neuroblastoma cell lines. Of 15 human neuroblastoma specimens tested, 13 expressed the smg-25A mRNA to various extents. When the relative ratio of the smg-25A mRNA level to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA level was compared among neuroblastoma tumor tissues, the value was significantly higher in tumors histologically diagnosed as ganglioneuroblastoma. The smg-25A mRNA was not detected in the tissues of Hodgkin's lymphoma, Wilms' tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver. These results suggest that the smg-25A mRNA level is closely related to the neuronal differentiation state of tumors derived from the neural crest.
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PMID:Expression of the smg p25A (a ras p21-like GTP-binding protein) gene in human neuroblastoma cell lines and tumor tissues. 212 31

The incidence of cancer in agricultural workers is generally low, in part due to the low prevalence of cigarette smoking in this group. However, agricultural workers have elevated risks for several specific cancer types including leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and cancers of the lip, stomach, prostate, brain, and connective tissue. Two major groups of risk factors have been proposed as causes of hematologic malignancies in agricultural workers. The first group includes various agricultural chemicals. In particular, several studies have found increased risks of malignant lymphoma and soft tissue sarcoma in persons exposed to phenoxy herbicides. However, the evidence is inconsistent and there is a wide variation in relative risk estimates. The second group of risk factors includes various animal viruses. There is currently little evidence concerning the zoonotic nature or human carcinogenicity of these viruses. However, leads have been suggested by recent evidence of increased risks of hematologic malignancies in abattoir workers, veterinarians, and meat inspectors. A third hypothesis, for which little evidence is currently available, is that agricultural work may involve prolonged antigenic stimulus leading to lymphoproliferation. The factors responsible for the increased risks for cancers other than hematologic malignancies are not well understood but may also involve exposure to chemicals or viruses.
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PMID:Epidemiologic studies of cancer in agricultural workers. 220 46

We reviewed 130 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies from 118 patients with a variety of benign and malignant hematopoietic lesions. There were 74 (57%) malignant, 45 (35%) benign, and 11 (8%) atypical diagnoses. Immunocytochemistry of the aspirated material was performed in 47 (36%) and electron microscopy in 4 (3%) of the cases. FNA cytology was utilized to make a primary hematopoietic malignant diagnosis in approximately half of the cases and to confirm recurrence in the remainder. The malignant cases included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease, medullary and extramedullary plasmacytoma, and granulocytic sarcoma. Forty-two malignant cases had either previous or follow-up surgical biopsy with no false-positive diagnoses. Of the 11 atypical cases, seven had surgical confirmation with five malignant and two benign diagnoses. The benign hematopoietic lesions correctly identified included acute and chronic lymphadenitis, granulomatous processes, and eosinophilic granuloma. Only 5 of the 45 benign FNA biopsies had surgical pathology follow-up, with no false-negative diagnoses. The most commonly aspirated sites were lymph nodes (71%), although hematopoietic lesions were correctly identified in a number of extranodal locations, including soft tissue (8%), abdominal viscera (6%), lungs (5%), mediastinum (2.5%), bone (3%), and thyroid, salivary gland, and breast (1.5% each). This study demonstrates the clinical utility and diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology in the evaluation of benign and malignant hematopoietic disorders from multiple sites. Ancillary studies performed on the aspirated material aided in making a specific and accurate diagnosis.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of hematopoietic lesions from multiple sites. 220 50

Our patient had stage IIIAI Hodgkin's disease with synchronous myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia. A slowly progressive myeloproliferative disease developed over 9 1/2 years and terminated in a painful osteolytic bone disease, spinal extradural granulocytic sarcoma and acute megakaryocytic leukemia. It is likely that this was a result of the myeloproliferative disease rather than a late complication from combination chemotherapy. Our case demonstrates the importance of a curative approach to Hodgkin's disease even in the face of a coexistent disease with a long or unknown natural history.
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PMID:Synchronous Hodgkin's disease and myelofibrosis terminating with granulocytic sarcoma and acute megakaryocytic leukemia. 223 64

Two patients who received combined chemo- and radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease developed secondary tumors in irradiated fields by 15 and 24 years, respectively. All the necessary criteria for the diagnosis of radiation-induced sarcoma have been found.
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PMID:Radiation-induced sarcomas of the clavicle following treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Report of two cases. 225 98

Transcripts for the muscle regulatory gene MyoD1 are expressed during normal skeletal muscle myogenesis and in rhabdomyosarcomas but not in other tissues or in soft-tissue sarcomas. Here we report the distribution of MyoD1 protein, determined by reactivity with anti-MyoD1 polyclonal sera in normal tissues, rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, and in a variety of pediatric solid tumors. The distribution of MyoD1 protein was highly restricted in normal tissues and was detected only in fetal skeletal muscle and more faintly in adult skeletal muscle. All six human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines analyzed expressed MyoD1 mRNA transcripts as well as immunoreactive protein. The immunohistochemical expression of MyoD1 protein was then examined in 49 surgical specimens from a variety of pediatric solid tumors. Each of 16 rhabdomyosarcoma specimens was positive for MyoD1, including four that did not express the intermediate filament protein desmin. Two of five specimens originally designated sarcoma type indeterminate (STI) and two of three specimens originally designated extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EOE) were positive for MyoD1, suggesting commitment to myogenic differentiation. Three of eight Wilms' tumors, which also expressed desmin and had clearly evident myogenic elements, also were positive for MyoD1. Tumors that failed to express MyoD1 protein included neuroblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, embryonal sarcoma of the liver, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, and Ewing's sarcoma of the bone. These results indicate that expression of MyoD1 protein is highly restricted in normal human tissues and that expression of this gene product in malignant tissue may be diagnostic for rhabdomyosarcoma. Furthermore MyoD1 staining may be a valuable adjunct in the classification of pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas.
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PMID:Myogenic regulatory protein (MyoD1) expression in childhood solid tumors: diagnostic utility in rhabdomyosarcoma. 226 Jun 21

An investigation of 749 deaths occurring among 4082 patients surviving at least five years after the diagnosis of childhood cancer in Britain before 1971 has been undertaken. Of the 738 with sufficient information the numbers of deaths attributable to the following causes were: recurrent tumour, 550 (74%), a second primary tumour, 61 (8%), a medical condition related to treatment of the tumour, 49 (7%), an traumatic death unrelated to the tumour or its treatment, 34 (5%), finally, any other cause unrelated to the tumour or its treatment, 44 (6%). Less than 10% of five year survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms' tumour, or a soft tissue sarcoma died of recurrent tumour during the next 15 years, while more than 25% of five year survivors of Hodgkin's disease, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, and Ewing's tumour died of recurrent tumour during the corresponding period. Almost 50% of five year survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia died of recurrent disease during the corresponding 15 years, a large proportion of deaths being due to central nervous system relapse in an era before central nervous system prophylaxis was routinely given. Comparison of the mortality observed with that expected from mortality rates in the general population indicated three times the expected number of deaths from non-neoplastic causes. Five times the expected number of deaths from cardiovascular causes were observed, these were predominantly myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents. There was no evidence of an excess in the number of suicides observed, but there were three times the expected number of deaths from accidents observed after central nervous system tumours. Two groups of patients were identified whose deaths were potentially avoidable. Seven patients with craniopharyngioma and panhypopituitarism presented with addisonian crises during periods of stress not adequately covered by exogenous corticosteroids. In the other group were children who received radiotherapy and later developed problems related to radiation fibrosis. We emphasize that our investigation relates to patients diagnosed with childhood cancer before 1971. The pattern of mortality that will emerge after recent treatment regimens, in which chemotherapy is being used more extensively, is likely to be different from that observed in our study.
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PMID:Late deaths after treatment for childhood cancer. 227 Sep 44


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