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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Important insights into leukocyte differentiation and the cellular origins of leukemia and lymphoma have been gained through the use of monoclonal antibodies that define cell surface antigens and molecular probes that identify immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. Results of these studies have been combined with markers such as surface membrane and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin on B lymphocytes, sheep erythrocyte receptors on T lymphocytes, and cytochemical stains. Using all of the above markers, it is now clear that acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is heterogeneous. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies that identify B cells, such as the anti-B1 and anti-B4 antibodies in combination with studies of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, have demonstrated that virtually all cases of non-T-ALL are malignancies of B cell origin. At least six distinct subgroups of non-T-ALL can now be identified. T-ALL is subdivided by the anti-Leu-9, anti-Leu-1, and antibodies that separate T lymphocyte subsets into three primary subgroups. Monoclonal antibodies are also useful in the subclassification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and certain distinct markers can be correlated with morphologic classification. The cellular origin of the malignant Reed-Sternberg cell in Hodgkin's disease remains uncertain. A substantial number of investigators favor a myelocyte/macrophage origin based on cytochemical staining; however, consistent reactivity with antimonocyte reagents has not been demonstrated. Although monoclonal antibodies are useful in distinguishing acute myeloid from acute lymphoid leukemias, they have less certain utility in the subclassification of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Attempts to subclassify AML by differentiation-associated antigens rather than by the French-American-British (FAB) classification are underway in order to document the potential prognostic utility of surface markers. Therapeutic trials using monoclonal antibodies in leukemia and lymphoma have been reported. Intravenous (IV) infusion of unlabeled antibodies is the most widely used method; transient responses have been demonstrated. Antibodies conjugated to radionuclides have been quite successful in localizing tumors of less than 1 cm in some studies. Therapy trials with antibodies conjugated to isotopes, toxins, and drugs are currently planned. Purging of autologous bone marrow with monoclonal antibodies and complement in vitro has been used in ALL and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; preliminary data suggest that this approach may be an effective therapy and may circumvent many of the obstacles and toxicities associated with in vivo monoclonal antibody infusion.
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PMID:Immunologic classification of leukemia and lymphoma. 294 Oct 82

One of the main obstacles for the use of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell support in the treatment of malignancies is the possibility of reinfusing clonogenic tumor cells with the hematopoietic graft. Purging of the graft with chemicals can reduce the number of tumor cells but can also damage the normal hematopoietic progenitors. Preclinical studies showed that the phosphorylated sulfhydryl compound amifostine (WR-2721) can protect normal hematopoietic progenitors from damage from alkylating agents. We conducted a randomized clinical trial in patients with breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease undergoing autologous bone marrow transplant. In this study, patients were randomized to have their bone marrow purged with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) with (arm A) or without (arm B) amifostine. The percentage of colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophages recovered after purging was higher in the amifostine arm, both in patients with breast cancer and in those with lymphoma, although this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, the time to engraftment was significantly shorter in the amifostine arm in both cohorts. We showed that pretreatment of bone marrow with amifostine prior to purging with 4-HC can protect normal hematopoietic progenitors from damage by 4-HC. This resulted in shorter engraftment rates and less need for supportive care.
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PMID:Use of amifostine in bone marrow purging. 878 66