Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study focused on the efficacy of IDEC-C2B8 (chimeric anti-CD20) immunotherapy relative to specific subtypes of low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders/non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (LPD/NHL). Forty-eight patients with resistant or relapsed disease completed the IDEC-C2B8 infusion schedule of 375 mg/m2/wk x 4 wk. The LPD/NHL subtypes included: (a) follicular centre cell lymphoma (FCC) in 22 patients; (b) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in 10; (c) 1 diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL); and (d) the category of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (SLL/CLL) and related disorders in 15 patients. No patient obtained a complete remission. Ten patients (21%) achieved partial remission: 6 FCC, 2 MCL, 1 DLCL and 1 patient from the SLL/CLL group. Twenty-eight patients had stable disease and 10 progressed during immunotherapy. In patients with CLL and MCL in leukaemic phase, there was no correlation between the marked decrease in circulating neoplastic cells following antibody infusions and amelioration of the tumour burden. The results suggest that the subtype of LPD/NHL and the intensity of CD20 on the tumour cells influence the effectiveness of IDEC-C2B8. The antibody was most efficacious against FCC lymphoma. The efficacy (at the dose schedule of 375 mg/m2/wk x 4) against MCL and SLL/CLL appeared to be limited, however.
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PMID:IDEC-C2B8 anti-CD20 (rituximab) immunotherapy in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphoproliferative disorders: evaluation of response on 48 patients. 1005 9

CD43 expression on B cells is an immunophenotypic feature suggestive of malignancy. In the light of its diagnostic importance, we performed a comprehensive survey of CD43 expression in various types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and determined the frequency of its expression in routinely fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Tissue sections in 742 cases of NHL, pretreated by the heat-induced epitope retrieval technique, were immunostained using an anti-CD43 antibody. Three categories of CD43 positivity were found: (1) more than 90% of T-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma cases were positive; (2) 20% to 40% of nodal and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt-like B-cell lymphoma, and lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma cases were positive; and (3) 0% to 6% of primary splenic MZL and various types of follicular lymphoma cases were positive. Most CD43+ follicular lymphomas were predominantly large cell type with focally diffuse areas; their follicular center cell origin in 4 of 8 cases was supported by the presence of CD10 immunoreactivity and/or t(14;18) fusion gene product. CD43 is frequently detectable in a subset of B-NHL, and, thus, it seems to be a highly sensitive marker for these tumors. CD43 also may be a useful marker for classifying B-cell NHLs by virtue of its differential expression in these tumors.
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PMID:Frequency of CD43 expression in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A survey of 742 cases and further characterization of rare CD43+ follicular lymphomas. 1019 68

In B-chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLD) adhesion molecules (AM) have been investigated in order to explain the variable biologic behavior and dissemination patterns and to assess their contribution to the differential diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases. The main AM studied either by immunohistochemistry on lymph node sections or by flow cytometry in blood and bone marrow specimens are L-selectin, CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1), CD54 (ICAM-1), CD44 (HCAM), CD11c/CD18 (gp150/95), and CD49d/CD29 (VLA-4). Among B-CLD, hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) show a uniform AM expression pattern. Thus, HCL is characterized by high CD54, CD44, VLA-4, CD11c, and CD18 and by low or absent CD11a and L-selectin, whereas FL confined to the lymph nodes is characterized by high CD11a, CD18, and CD54 expression. Diffuse growth and dissemination of FL is associated with alteration in the AM profile. Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) seems to be characterized by low or absent L-selectin and CD11c and high CD54 expression, especially compared with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). B-CLL is the most heterogeneous among all B-CLD with respect to AM expression. In general, low LFA-1 and CD54, high L-selectin and CD44, and variable CD11c characterize B-CLL. Cases with splenomegaly as their prominent feature bear high CD11a, CD18, CD29, and CD11c on the surface of the leukemic cells. Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) shares the same AM phenotype with B-CLL, with the possible exception of LFA-1, which is strongly expressed on SLL cells. LFA-1 and CD54 are more frequently positive in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) as compared with B-CLL. Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes differs from B-CLL by its high LFA-1, VLA-4, and CD54 and low L-selectin expression, whereas its high LFA-1 positivity can differentiate it from HCL. Surface and soluble AM have been investigated as possible prognostic markers in these diseases. Conflicting data exist concerning the prognostic significance of surface AM. However, high soluble (s)CD44 and CD54 levels in B-CLL and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are considered as adverse prognostic factors.
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PMID:Adhesion molecules in B-chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. 1031 87

Cytomorphology in conjunction with immunophenotypic characterization is becoming increasingly used for the primary diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). This combination is especially advantageous for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal and intrathoracic lymphomas, since unlike superficial lesions, open biopsy of deep-seated tissues is more invasive and more costly, and is associated with a higher risk. We report the cytologic and immunophenotypic features of intra-abdominal NHL obtained by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Twenty-two cases of intra-abdominal lesions obtained by image-guided FNA where flow cytometry was also performed were reviewed. Of the 22 studied cases, 7 were classified as large-cell lymphoma, 5 as follicular center-cell lymphoma, 2 as small noncleaved-cell lymphoma, 2 as lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, one as small lymphocytic lymphoma, and one as marginal-zone lymphoma. In the remaining 4 cases where the immunophenotypic pattern was not definitive, the cytomorphologic features were of small cleaved cells in 3 cases and of mixed small cleaved and large cells in one case. We successfully classified 9 of the 10 patients on whom histologic confirmation was obtained. The successful primary classification of most intra-abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas can be done with a combination of cytology and flow cytometry, and this can be the initial approach in patients with deep-seated lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:98-104.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration with flow cytometric immunophenotyping for primary diagnosis of intra-abdominal lymphomas. 1042 46

In the natural history of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) a prolonged indolent phase of the disease may be followed by clinical progression toward intermediate and high-grade disease. The abrupt appearance of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLL) in patients with low-grade NHL is usually associated with an accelerated clinical course and shorter time of survival. The histologic transformation has been described for chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Although the histological transformation of low-grade lymphomas are relatively frequent, the clonal relationship between the two neoplasms and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the progression of the disease are widely debated. In this review, we will focus on the possible relationship between the low-grade and the transformed high-grade NHLs and genetic lesions that may be associated with the histologic transformation and clinical progression of the disease.
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PMID:High-grade transformation of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: mechanisms of tumor progression. 1043 62

Composite lymphoma (CL) is defined as more than one distinct lymphoma variant occurring in the same anatomic site, and sequential lymphoma (SL) is defined as different lymphoma variants occurring at different sites or at different times in the same patient. The utility of flow cytometry immunophenotyping in evaluating CL and SL has only been investigated in a few single-case studies. To further define the utility of flow cytometry in evaluating these tumors, records were searched at two institutions. Cases representing high-grade progression of low-grade lymphoma were excluded. For each CL/SL, clinical data was obtained and morphology was evaluated in routinely processed H&E-stained tissue sections. Tumor components were subtyped using revised European-American classification (REAL) criteria. Follicle center components were graded using modified Rappaport criteria. Immunophenotype was determined using two-color flow cytometry and paraffin-section immunostains. Four cases were identified. Case 1, nodal follicle center, follicular, grade III plus marginal zone CL, showed two discrete populations of monoclonal B-cells that differed in their expression of CD10. Case 2, cutaneous lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma followed by mesenteric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (lymphoplasmacytoid plus follicle center, follicular, grade III) plus Hodgkin's disease CL, showed CD5-/CD10-/CD19+/kappa+ cells by flow cytometry in both tissue samples. The Hodgkin's disease component showed CD3-/CD15-/CD20-/CD30+ Reed-Sternberg cell variants in paraffin-section immunostains. Case 3 represented nodal follicle center lymphoma, follicular, grade I (CD3-/CD5-/CD10-/CD19+/kappa+) followed by cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (CD2+/CD4+/CD5+/CD19- cells with partial expression of CD3 and CD7). Case 4 represented cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, follicular, grade I (CD5-/CD10+/CD19+/CD23+/lambda+) followed by bone marrow B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma (CD5+/CD10-/CD19+/CD23+/kappa+). Results show that flow cytometry is a potentially useful adjunct in characterizing CL and SL.
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PMID:Utility of flow cytometry in subtyping composite and sequential lymphoma. 1049 26

To determine whether the expression levels of Bcl-2 family apoptotic regulators are correlated with the histopathological heterogeneity of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), we quantified their expression in malignant B cell populations isolated from 33 biopsy samples, including small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL, n = 9), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, n = 8), follicular lymphoma (FL, n = 8), and diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL, n = 8). Normal B cells purified from reactive lymph nodes and tonsil (n = 3) were used as controls. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting, and signals quantified by densitometry. Expression of Bcl-2 and its homologues, Bcl-xL, Bcl-xS, Bax, Bad, Bak and Bag-1, was detected in all NHL cases, with wide variations between histological subtypes and within each subtype. Statistically significant differences were: (1) a higher level of Bad expression in DLCL compared to FL and MCL; (2) a lower level of Bak expression in FL compared to DLCL, SLL and MCL; and (3) a higher Bag-1 expression level in FL compared to SLL. When compared to NHL cells, normal B cells showed a higher level of Bax expression, and a lower level of Bcl-xL expression. Thus, quantitative analysis shows ubiquitous expression of Bcl-2 family proteins in normal and neoplastic B cells; the variations in expression levels may contribute to both the B-NHL clinicopathological diversity and the different apoptotic sensitivities of normal B cells vs B-NHL cells.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis detects ubiquitous expression of apoptotic regulators in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 1051 56

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) involving the uterus may be either low-stage neoplasms that probably arise in the uterus (primary) or systemic neoplasms with secondary involvement. In this study, 26 NHL involving the uterus are reported. Ten cases were stage I(E) or II(E) and are presumed to be primary. The mean age of patients at presentation was 55 years (range, 35 to 67 years), and abnormal uterine bleeding was the most frequent complaint (six patients). Nine of 10 tumors involved the cervix. Histologically, eight were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); one was follicle center lymphoma, follicular, grade 1; and one was marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. At 5 years of clinical follow-up, five of six patients were alive after treatment. In 12 cases, uterine involvement was part of a systemic disease at diagnosis, either stage III(E) or IV. The mean patient age at the time that uterine involvement was detected was 58 years (range, 22 to 75 years); 6 of 12 had abnormal uterine bleeding. Six tumors involved both cervix and corpus, four corpus, and two cervix. Six were DLBCL; two were small lymphocytic lymphoma; three were follicle center lymphoma, follicular, grade 1 (two cases) or grade 2 (one case); and one was precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. At 5 years of clinical follow-up, two of seven patients were alive after treatment. Four DLBCL arose in patients with incomplete clinical information; therefore, stage is unknown. We conclude that low-stage (presumably primary) uterine NHL are most commonly DLBCL, predominantly arise in the cervix, and cause abnormal uterine bleeding. High-stage NHL are a heterogeneous group of B-cell neoplasms that can involve the cervix or the corpus.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas involving the uterus: a clinicopathologic analysis of 26 cases. 1065 6

We describe 10 cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that did not express immunoglobulin kappa or lambda light chains by dual-color flow cytometry. Cases were identified from 298 consecutive cases of B-cell NHL and included follicular center cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, small noncleaved cell lymphoma, and small lymphocytic lymphoma. One case did not express any immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) as well; however, isolated expression of IgG heavy chain was seen in another case. Immunoglobulin heavy chains were not part of the lymphoma panel in other cases. All 3 cases in which gene rearrangement studies were performed showed rearrangement of IgH genes, including the case that did not express surface IgH chains. Immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes were rearranged in 2 of 3 cases and were in germline configuration in the third. All 147 cases of benign lymph nodes analyzed by flow cytometry showed polyclonal expression of immunoglobulin kappa and lambda light chains. Because of the absence of surface immunoglobulin light chains, these tumors must be distinguished from precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, plasma cell tumors, and rare cases of florid follicular hyperplasia that do not express surface immunoglobulins. The absence of immunoglobulin expression on malignant B cells can result from defects at any level from gene transcription to translocation of fully assembled proteins to the cell surface.
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PMID:Lack of expression of surface immunoglobulin light chains in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. 1070 21

MUM1/IRF4 is a myeloma-associated oncogene transcriptionally activated as a result of t(6;14)(p25,q32) chromosomal translocation and by virtue of its juxtaposition to the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) locus. When this oncogene becomes non-functional, no activated B/T lymphocytes and Ig secreting plasma cells are observed, suggesting that MUM1/IRF4 is crucial for lymphoid development. Its expression was analyzed in both reactive lymphoid and lymphoma tissues by means of an immunohistochemical technique using specific goat antiserum against MUM1/IRF4. This analysis detected a 50 kDa MUM1 product whose localization was restricted to the nuclei of the lymphocytes. The MUM1+ cells in reactive lymph nodes were found to consist of plasma cells and a small fraction (approximately 7.9%) of B cells harboring CD20+CD38+, which were located in the light zone of the germinal center. MUM1 expression in peripheral blood B/T lymphocytes was upregulated by mitogenic stimuli, suggesting that MUM1 positivity represents the activated state of the B/T cells. In B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), MUM1 expression was observed in 73.2% (30/41) of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 20% (1/5) of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and 43% (3/7) of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) cases, whereas it was not seen in any cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) or follicle center lymphoma (FCL). Also, MUM1 was stained at high intensity in various types of T cell lymphomas including adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL/L) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and in the majority of Hodgkin's diseases. Our results suggest that a major proportion of lymphomas comprise either physiologically or aberrantly activated neoplastic lymphocytes expressing the MUM1 protein.
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PMID:MUM1/IRF4 expression as a frequent event in mature lymphoid malignancies. 1072 Jan 41


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