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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. All essential attributes of the amyloidosis in aged persons ("senile amyloidosis") correspond to the condition which in younger individuals develops after infections, particularly following tuberculosis and lymphogranulomatosis, as so-called secondary amyloid degeneration, and also manifests many features of the so-called primary amyloidosis, not connected with infections. 2. Amyloid depositions in the brain, cardiac muscle, and in pancreatic islets (the "senile amyloidotic triad") dominate the morbid anatomic aspect. However, we know no organ or tissue which necessarily remains spared. The number of involved organs and tissues, in general, increases with the progressive aging of the patients. In those persons living long enough, amyloidosis affects every individual and probably all organs and tissues. 3. Contrary to the so-called secondary amyloidosis, in many cases of senile amyloidosis the spleen, liver and kidney remain intact. 4. In the so-called Alzheimers disease, in which both clinically and pathoanatomically a particularly destructive cerebral amyloidosis in relatively young persons prevails, just as in the common senile dementia of aged persons, the brain condition is associated with a systemic amyloid degeneration of many other organs. 5. Several cerebral and cardiac lesions due to amyloid accumulations can probably be diagnosed electrographically. Thus, through these already known morbid anatomical observations we have the promise of an essential enrichment of diagnostic perspectives. 6. In general, the etiologic manifoldness of amyloidosis presently seems to be incomparable. Infections, ionizing radiation, traumatic lesions in human pathology, the introduction of chemically definable substances, infections, and stress consequent to social burdening, proved effective in spontaneous and experimental amyloid degeneration of animals. 7. The demonstration of a tuberculous infection with the help of postmortem radiographs, as well as with the employment of histologic and microbiologic procedures to provide the evidence of acid fast bacilli in calcified remnants of pulmonary foci, proved to be eminently successful methods in the exploration of causes of senile tuberculosis and amyloidosis: Tuberculosis, after its invasion of the organism in early childhood, with its toxic and immunobiologic influences, holds it under its spell for an entire, even very long life and can be considered the most frequent cause of senile amyloidosis. 8. Chromosomal disturbances, with their hereditary manifestations, or, as in cases of mongoloid idiocy, associated with individual deformations, may present as amyloidoses. 9. Amyloid deposits in human pathology may develop by the transformation of normal structures, like cartilage, osteoid tissue, vascular elastic fibers, and also from scar hyalin and from fibrin. 10. We observed the disappearance of cerebral and cardiac amyloid accumulations producing typical defects. 11. Amyloidosis represents one of the most frequent spontaneous diseases of animals...
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PMID:[Amyloidosis as a manifestation and origin of presenile and senile degeneration]. 13 66

Retrospective evaluation of the occurrence of septicemia and meningitis in 200 children who had staging laparotomy iwth splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease revealed 20 episodes occurring in 18 children. Symptoms were usually fulminant; only 10 of these patients survived their episode. Infections occurred eight days to three years after splenectomy. Adolescents, as well as younger children, were affected; half were older than 10 years of age. Leukopenia was not a major factor in onset or survival since the average white-cell count was 12,000 in both survivors and children who died. Pneumonococcus accounted for 50 per cent, and streptococcus for 15 per cent of infections; there was one episode each of Haemophilus influenzae and meningococcus; in 25 per cent, no organism was isolated. Predominance of penicillin-sensitive organisms and high mortality suggest that penicillin prophylaxis and the protection offered by bacterial vaccines should be evaluated in children with Hodgkin's disease whose staging laparotomy includes splenectomy.
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PMID:Septicemia and meningitis in children splenectomized for hodgkin's disease. 95 75

Infections that occurrred in 92 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease were reviewed from the time of laprotomy and splenectomy. Pneumonias occurred in nine patients with urinary tract infections in twelve during the immediate postoperative period. Severe bacterial infections did not occur in any patients during initial radiation therapy, adjuvant chemotherapy (stages I through IIIA), initial intensive chemotherapy (stages IIIB and IV) or during remission. Severe infections occurred in eight profoundly granulocytopenic patients with recurrent Hodgkin's disease. Streptococcus (Diplococcus) pneumoniae and Hemophilus spp infections were distinctly uncommon during the remission period. Herpes zoster, however, was very common developing in 22 of 92 (24 per cent) patients. Predisposing factors to herpes zoster included sex (female more than male), therapy (radiation plus chemotherapy more than chemotherapy alone), and age (less than 30 years of age more often than 30 to 50 years of age). Severe infection was uncommon in these patients except in ascociation with specific predisposing factors such as the immediate postoperative state of prolonged granulocytopenia associated with recurrent Hodgkin's disease or its therapy. Splenectomy per se did not affect either the incidence or the severity of infection during this period of 12+ months of observations per patient.
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PMID:Infections in 92 splenectomized patients with Hodgkin's disease. A clinical review. 120 37

To define the incidence and spectrum of pulmonary complications following autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we retrospectively reviewed the course of 77 consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) who failed conventional therapy and underwent autologous BMT. Forty-five percent of the 77 patients developed respiratory complications with a mortality from pulmonary causes of 26%. A total of 38 episodes of respiratory compromise occurred in 35 patients. Infections accounted for 15 episodes (39%) and included bacterial (16%), Aspergillus (8%) cytomegalovirus (8%), Herpes simplex (3%), and other (5%) pneumonias. The spectrum of infections was similar to that reported following allogeneic BMT, but cytomegalovirus pneumonia was not as frequent a problem in those with autologous transplant. Mortality from pulmonary infections was 33%. Noninfectious disorders accounted for 23 episodes (61%) and included recurrent HD (18%), radiation/drug toxicity (16%), and acute respiratory failure thought secondary to pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage (26%). This latter entity developed acutely within 2 wk following BMT and was associated with use of thoracic radiation for treatment of malignant disease in the chest just prior to BMT (p < 0.05). It was not associated with the age of the patient or presence of thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, renal insufficiency or neutropenia (p NS). Mortality from noninfectious causes was 65%, but in those with pulmonary hemorrhage it was 100%. In conclusion, pulmonary complications are a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients with HD and NHL undergoing autologous BMT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pulmonary complications in lymphoma patients treated with high-dose therapy autologous bone marrow transplantation. 148 45

Mycobacterium haemophilum, previously characterized as an unusual pathogen, is found primarily in immunocompromised hosts. This organism has stringent growth characteristics and may not be isolated using routine techniques. M. haemophilum infects the skin and underlying tissues, a circumstance which reflects the organism's propensity for growth in a cooler environment. Infections have been reported in renal transplant recipients, patients with Hodgkin's disease, and, more recently, patients with AIDS. The organism has also been isolated from children with cervical lymphadenitis in the absence of apparent immunodeficiency. Response to therapy has not been uniform, and in some instances improvement in immune status has been associated with regression of lesions. With proliferation of transplantation surgery, chemotherapy, and AIDS, the number of infections due to M. haemophilum is likely to increase.
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PMID:Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in immunocompromised patients: case report and review of the literature. 196 7

To focus attention on the problem of infant mortality in Lebanon, data were compiled on infant mortality from 1978 to 1986 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Causes of death are analyzed for 602 males and 398 females. 54.9% deaths occurred at 1 month of age and 77.4% died within the 1st year. Autopsies were performed on .7%. 37.7% of all neonatal deaths were due to neonatal diseases such as hyaline membrane disease, asphyxia neonatorum, immaturity, necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhage, hemolysis, meconium aspiration, and kernicterus. Better prenatal care would reduce this group, or the administration of corticosteroids to the mother 24-48 hours prior to delivery, as well as rapid resuscitation at birth and prevention of the 5 curses: hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypotension, and acidosis. Although unavailable in Lebanon, administration of surfactants through an endotracheal tube would also help. Infections constitute 25.1% of deaths; many are preventable through adequate public health measures and strict personal hygiene, i.e., diseases such as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis, and 1-2 cases of the following: diphtheria, measles, peritonitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, cytomegalis inclusion, herpes, parathyphoid, pertussis, poliomyelitis, and shigellosis. Congenital diseases were 21.6%. In utero diagnosis could prevent some diseases and in utero treatment is possible for hydrocephalus and hydronephrosis. Screening programs postnatally could lead to treatment. 5.9% were malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, histocytosis, Wilm's tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Early diagnosis is critical if mortality is to be reduced in this group, but medical advances are still needed. 2.9% are miscellaneous diseases such as poisoning, rheumatic diseases, marasmus, Reye's syndrome, nephrosis, rickets, and epilepsy. Most of these diseases are preventable, except for rheumatic inflammation of the heart. Recommended necessary steps to reduce infant mortality are: prenatal care, diagnosis and screening, intrauterine surgery; resuscitation and intensive care centers with modern equipment and trained personnel; national vaccination and screening programs; adequate public health measures and hygiene; parental education; and well-equipped hospitals to serve all regardless of income level.
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PMID:Pediatric mortality: an avoidable tragedy. 251 28

Skin and mucous membranes including the oral mucosa are among the preferential locations of opportunistic infections and secondary neoplasms in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Infections of the oral mucosa such as thrush occur in a high percentage of AIDS patients, patients with AIDS-related complex or HIV-seropositive individuals. The clinical appearance of the infections (herpes virus infection, periodontitis) is often marked by aggressive expansion, frequent recurrences or resistance to therapy. Oral "hairy" leukoplakia is considered to be a characteristic lesion in HIV-infected individuals. Tumors like Kaposi's sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the oral mucosa may cause marked morbidity in AIDS patients. Such oral lesions are frequently the first indication of an HIV-infection. Dentists should be aware of the oral manifestations of HIV-infection and initiate diagnostic and therapeutic measures in the interest of the patients and for epidemiologic reasons.
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PMID:[Oral manifestations of HIV infection]. 270 Apr 12

Thirty-three patients with multiple myeloma (11 untreated, 15 refractory and seven relapsed patients) have received vincristine and adriamycin infusion therapy with oral dexamethasone (VAD). The median number of course received was five. In addition 16 patients with lymphoid malignancy have received a median of four courses of VAD. Three patients who relapsed after VAD have received further VAD therapy making 52 patient treatments assessable for toxicity. Ten per cent had nausea, 4 per cent vomiting, 4 per cent total alopecia, 25 per cent constipation, 33 per cent paraesthesiae, 8 per cent proximal myopathy, 33 per cent dyspepsia, 23 per cent proven bacteraemia, and 19 per cent chest infections. Infections were not usually associated with neutropenia. Shingles was seen in four patients with myeloma, but none of the patients with lymphoid malignancy. The response rate in myeloma was 9/11, for previously untreated patients, 3/7 for relapsed, and 8/15 for refractory patients. Responses have been seen in other lymphoid malignancies-1/2 patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had a complete remission. Two out of seven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia achieved a partial remission, and a further three had a clinical improvement. Three out of six patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and one patient with macroglobulinaemia achieved a partial remission.
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PMID:VAD chemotherapy--toxicity and efficacy--in patients with multiple myeloma and other lymphoid malignancies. 311 84

One hundred and sixty-seven patients subjected to splenectomy on haematological indications were studied. They were grouped into five diagnostic categories: auto-immune disorders (52 patients), Hodgkin's disease (32) lymphoproliferative malignancies (60), myeloproliferative malignancies (18) and miscellaneous (5). The total number of complications and deaths were 42 (25 per cent) and nine (5 per cent), respectively. Infections were the most common complication, occurring in 30 cases and accounting for 59 per cent of all sequelae. Patients with auto-immune disorders had a high frequency of subphrenic left-sided abscesses (5/52). Splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease was associated with a very low frequency of complications. In the 60 patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies left-sided pneumonia was common (9/60). Complications occurred in 56 per cent of the patients with myeloproliferative disorders, the associated mortality rate being 28 per cent. It is concluded that elective splenectomy in haematological diseases seems to be a safe procedure in most patients with the exception of individuals with myeloproliferative malignancies. The high operative risk in this group makes the benefit questionable. In patients with auto-immune disorders the high frequency of subphrenic abscesses indicates that prophylactic antibiotic treatment should be considered.
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PMID:Early postoperative course following elective splenectomy in haematological diseases: a high complication rate in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. 375 35

Two hundred and ten previously untreated patients with hodgkin's disease underwent staging laparotomy at one institution. Medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of small bowel obstruction (SBO); whether or not the patient received abdominal radiotherapy and the portals used; whether or not the patient had undergone a previous operation for unrelated disease; and the outcome of operative treatment for the SBO were noted. Mean follow-up for all patients was 62.6 months (1 to 125 months). Ninety-two patients (Group I) were treated without radiotherapy; two developed SBO (2.2%). Patients treated with abdominal radiotherapy numbered 118 (Group II); seven developed SBO (5.9%). The difference between Groups I and II is not significant. Eighty-two received only paraaortic radiotherapy; two (2.4%) developed SBO. Thirty-six patients underwent combined paraaortic and bilateral iliac radiotherapy (Group IV); five developed SBO (13.9%). Data for Groups III and IV approach statistical significance (p = 0.053; Fisher Exact Test [two-Tail]). All obstructions were secondary to adhesions. Four patients in Group IV had significant morbidity associated with operative treatment of SBO. This was an infection in each case. Infections developed in these patients even when the bowel was not entered. Pneumonia and wound infections were most common. Careful evaluation postoperatively for signs of infection and aggressive pulmonary toilet are recommended.
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PMID:Effect of postoperative radiotherapy on the development of small bowel obstruction in patients undergoing staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease. 408 64


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