Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is a glycoprotein involved in virtually all aspects of the immune response requiring direct cell to cell contact. It has been suggested that lack of LFA-1 expression in lymphomas may represent a mechanism of escape from immunologic surveillance. We investigated the expression of LFA-1 in a series of more than 250 lymphoid neoplasms and reactive lymphoid proliferations using a frozen section immunoperoxidase technique. LFA-1 was expressed by all lymphoid populations in the reactive cases. In contrast, absence of LFA-1 alpha or beta chains was found in 44% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, including 50% of B-cell lymphomas. These findings suggest that loss of LFA-1 expression may be of great use in the differential diagnosis of benign versus malignant lymphoproliferations. Eighty percent of initial biopsy specimens of low-grade lymphoma exhibited LFA-1 expression, whereas only 8% of recurrent specimens retained expression of both LFA-1 subunits. However, we found no correlation between LFA-1 expression and clinical course in a series of 64 patients with diffuse large cell lymphomas.
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PMID:Expression of LFA-1 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 264 32

A group of monoclonal antibodies was shown to react with glycoconjugates containing a sugar sequence--lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNF-III)--in granulocytes and in some normal nonlymphoid cells. The antibodies including anti-Leu M1, anti-My-1, WGHS 29-1, 534F-8, and 538F-12 of the immunoglobulin M-type were used to study the biochemical properties of LNF-III antigens in granulocytes, interdigitating reticulum cells, and neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease. In contrast to the presence of an abundant LNF-III glycolipid in granulocytes, the Hodgkin's neoplastic cells had no LNF-III glycolipid or contained only minimal amounts; however, both LNF-III glycoconjugates isolated from Hodgkin's neoplastic cells and interdigitating reticulum cells appeared to be a similar, if not an identical, 150,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein. The neoplastic cells in Hodgkin's disease appeared to show a biochemical property more closely related to interdigitating reticulum cells than any other cells in the monocyte-granulocyte-histiocyte system.
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PMID:Biochemical and ultrastructural study of Leu M1 antigen in Reed-Sternberg cells: comparison with granulocytes and interdigitating reticulum cells. 309 Mar 38

A monoclonal antibody (anti-BL4) recognizing a previously characterized Mr 54,000 glycoprotein (gp54) was developed by immunizing BALB/c mice with cells from a precursor B-cell line (Josh-7). In normal individuals, this antigenic molecule was present on tonsillar B-cells (60-80%) and on a fraction of peripheral blood B-cells (5-25%). BL4 (gp54) expression was investigated in 186 patients with a variety of hematological malignancies using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis. Twenty-six of 37 cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 18 of 33 cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were BL4 positive. Surface expression of BL4 on reactive cases of CLL and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was brighter than those of B1, B2, and B4, BL4 positive CLL cases expressed a higher proportion of mouse rosette forming cells and Leu-1 positive cells than the BL4 negative subgroup and were not associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin levels. Four of 7 BL4 negative CLL cases were associated with increased serum levels of immunoglobulin M. Lymphoblasts from 14 of 14 cases of non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 3 of 3 pre-B lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia were BL4 negative. Neoplastic cells from 2 of 3 cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and 4 of 7 cases of hairy cell leukemia were BL4 reactive. None of 7 cases of multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia were BL4 positive. All 11 T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases, 6 other T-cell malignancies, 5 cases of Hodgkin's disease, 51 cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and 9 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase thus far studied were BL4 negative. An in vitro induction experiment using phorbol ester on a case of B-CLL demonstrated disappearance of BL4 accompanied with further B-cell differentiation. Our study further substantiates the previous finding that gp54 is a differentiation antigen restricted to the B-cell lineage and expressed during the intermediate stage of B-cell ontogeny.
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PMID:Cellular distribution of a B-cell specific surface antigen (gp54) detected by a monoclonal antibody (anti-BL4). 309 65

This review covers significant developments in the understanding of the biochemistry and clinical pharmacology of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) that were achieved from 1984 through September 1986. These include developments in the molecular biology of IL-2 and its receptors. Human IL-2 was cloned and sequenced by Taniguchi et al. in 1983. The gene for human IL-2 is located on the long arm of chromosome 4. The secondary structure of the gene is predominantly alpha helix. The mature gene product is a 133 amino acid glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 15,420 Daltons. The IL-2 receptor was revealed to be a glycoprotein of 272 amino acids. The mature receptor has a molecular weight of 55,000 Daltons. A more precise understanding of the mechanism of action IL-2, in particular its role in the induction of the IL-2 receptor, and aspects of the control of IL-2 production was also achieved. Metabolic and morphologic studies have revealed that activation of the T-cell antigen receptor renders the cells responsive to IL-2, but does not move them through the cell cycle. Rather, it appears that IL-2 stimulates G1 progression to S phase ie. blastic transformation. During this progression the cellular proto-oncogene c-myb is induced transiently to 6 to 7 times basal levels. The role of IL-2 as a growth factor for several subsets of T cells has been confirmed, and a new role as a growth factor for B cells was defined. Most importantly, IL-2 was shown to be directly mitogenic for and to expand subpopulations of peripheral blood cells, termed lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). A number of pathologies of IL-2 production or activity have been defined, including Hodgkin's disease, graft versus host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, lepromatous leprosy, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and adult T cell leukemia. Murine and human in vivo studies reviewed here have revealed significant parameters of the therapeutic potential as well as the toxicity of this growth factor. Finally, the modulation of IL-2 receptors on human PBL's by thymosin fraction 5 and thymosin alpha 1 suggests that it might be possible to up-regulate IL-2 receptor expression in certain disease states and thus increase the efficacy of IL-2.
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PMID:Recent advances in the understanding of the biochemistry and clinical pharmacology of interleukin-2. 354 63

Plasma fibronectin is regarded to play an important part in a decrease of the resistance to infections. To specify the role of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of infectious complications in patients with depressions of hemopoiesis, the content of this opsonin was measured by ELISA in 113 patients with different patterns of hemoblastoses, lymphoproliferative diseases and with an aplastic syndrome. In 42 patients, the concentration of opsonin was measured in the presence of the superimposed infection of varying gravity. The fibronectin content was examined in 39 patients before, during and after completion of the cytostatic polychemotherapy. It turned out that in patients with paraproteinemic hemoblastoses, lymphogranulomatosis, aplastic anemia, chronic lympholeukemia, acute lympho- and myelo(mono)blastic leukemias, cyclic neutropenia, chronic myelosis and hematosarcomas, the concentration of fibronectin remained normal in the absence of infections. The computation of the linear correlation ratio did not reveal any association between the opsonin level and the concentration of neoplastic elements in the peripheral blood. Repeated measurements of the fibronectin level in patients whose underlying disease ran its course in association with marked neoplastic fever failed to detect any deficiency of the glycoprotein. The lowering of the fibronectin level was recorded in patients with a grave concomitant infection of the type of sepsis, necrotic enteropathy and lobar pneumonia. The degree of opsonin deficiency correlated with the patients' disease gravity. Prolonged reduction in the blood fibronectin level was of unfavourable prognostic importance. Cytostatic polychemotherapy, myelotoxic agranulocytosis as well as infectious complications of low gravity did not influence the concentration of fibronectin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Plasma fibronectin level in patients with depression of hematopoiesis]. 404 64

Activated T cells secrete a glycoprotein (P-cell-stimulating factor; PSF) that stimulates the proliferation of many types of haemopoietic progenitor cells and the pluripotential haemopoietic stem cells. Based on experiments in mice, it is proposed that some proliferative disorders of the pluripotential haemopoietic stem cell or its progeny may result from the abnormal production and secretion of PSF by these cells themselves. The secreted PSF binding to specific receptors on the surface of these cells causes autostimulation and uncontrolled proliferation. Acute non-lymphocytic leukaemias and the late stages of Hodgkin's disease might be due to such autostimulation. More chronic proliferative diseases (eg, chronic myeloid leukaemia and the early stages of Hodgkin's disease) may involve the expansion of an abnormal, immortalised, clone of pluripotential haemopoietic stem cells or committed haemopoietic progenitor cells that are not autonomous but remain strictly dependent for their proliferation and survival on the presence of exogenous PSF.
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PMID:Role of a single haemopoietic growth factor in multiple proliferative disorders of haemopoietic and related cells. 614 37

107 determinations of alpha 1-acid-glycoprotein (alpha 1S), haptoglobin (Hp) and complement fraction 3 (C3) were made in 85 consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease, both in acute phase (77 measurements) and in complete remission (30 measurements). Only alpha 1S and Hp showed much higher levels in untreated disease than in remission, and elevation of alpha 1S in activity of the disease is correlated to advanced stages and - less significantly - to severe histology. The ability of alpha 1S, Hp and C3 to discriminate between activity and remission was compared with that of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alpha 2-globinaemia (alpha 2), fibrinogenaemia (Fb), plasma copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), all data being collected at the same point in time in each patient. The well-known discrimination ability of combined Cu and Fe (75%) can be further improved by alpha 1S (81%) much more than by Hp, C3, ESR, alpha 2 and Fb singly computed and nearly up to the maximum allowed by the eight indexes together (82%).
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PMID:Serum alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein, haptoglobin and C3 in Hodgkin's disease. A comparison with other acute-phase indicators. 618 May 85

Fluorescein conjugated lectins have been used as histochemical stains in lymph node sections from 22 patients with non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Variations in the distribution and structure of glycoprotein sequences between the different types of lymphoma, and also normal nodes, have been detected. The lectin-binding patterns of neoplastic lymphocytes of small cell lymphomas, both follicular and diffuse, suggested a predominance of sialylated glycopeptides, as in normal small lymphocytes of the mantle zone of germinal centres. In contrast, the staining patterns of large cell follicular and diffuse lymphomas showed a greater diversity of carbohydrate structure, with enhanced cytoplasmic staining and increased numbers of incomplete oligosaccharide sequences. Heterogeneity of staining, together with reduced sialic acid expression at all cellular sites was a common feature of lymphoblastic lymphomas and seemed to be linked with a poor prognosis. The extracellular matrix of small cell follicular lymphomas showed altered saccharide content, but retained some degree of organization. The large cell follicular lymphomas were characterized by a prominent disorderly matrix, with staining characteristics which suggested shedding of surface membrane from component cells. The loss or disordered production of the normal extracellular matrix may reflect a breakdown of control mechanisms within neoplastic follicles.
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PMID:Studies of lectin binding to normal and neoplastic lymph nodes. II. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 618 97

Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is caused by an antibody reactive with platelet-associated antigens. The present studies provide direct evidence that some patients with chronic ITP have autoantibodies against the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex. Microtiter wells, coated with a monoclonal antibody (2G12) specific for GPIIb/GPIIIa were reacted with GPIIb/GPIIIa contained in a platelet extract. Control wells containing the same antibody were reacted with a cell extract containing no GPIIb/GPIIIa. After washing, the wells were reacted with patient or control plasma, and IgG binding was detected using 125I-Fab2-anti-human IgG. Assay values were expressed as binding ratios (cpm GPIIb/GPIIIa wells/cpm control wells). Plasma from 5 of 56 patients with chronic ITP had ratios (1.36-3.14) greater than 3 standard deviations above the mean (+/- SD) of control plasmas--0.93 +/- 0.12. Elevated values were also noted in two patients with anti-P1A1 antibody (ratios greater than 30) and in one patient with Hodgkin's disease and an ITP-like syndrome (ratio 1.53). Normal values were noted in 34 patients with a variety of immune and nonimmune diseases. Plasma from two of the positive ITP patients was reacted with 125I-surface-labeled platelets and, after solubilization, the IgG and bound antigen were precipitated with Staph-A. Autoradiographs from SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of the Staph-A-bound proteins shows two radioactive bands consistent in size with GPIIb and GPIIIa.
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PMID:Autoantibodies against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex in patients with chronic ITP. 622 97

The plethora of classifications for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and controversy regarding the merits of the individual classification schemes has led to the articulation of an International Working Formulation for NHL classification by a working group sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. This classification is based on both architectural and cytologic features and has been shown to have clinical relevance, but it is not an immunologic approach. With the use of frozen sections and both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, a comprehensive immunohistologic study was made of 564 biopsy specimens 1) for determination of the utility of the principle of monoclonality in differentiating benign from malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, 2) for definition of the immunohistochemical phenotypes of histologically benign and malignant cellular proliferations, and 3) for evaluation of the immunologic phenotype of 257 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas classified by the International Working Formulation. Two hundred seven "reactive benign" lymphoproliferations demonstrated polyclonal immunostaining. Monoclonal kappa light chain immunostaining was demonstrated in 3 of 4 cases classified as atypical hyperplasia, two of which had coexistent NHL or subsequently developed overt NHL. Frozen tissue sections were found to be essential for demonstration of immunoglobulin and glycoprotein membrane antigens. The results of immunohistochemical studies were readily integrated with the International Formulation. Although diffuse mixed and small lymphocytic lymphomas were immunologically heterogeneous (both T- and B-cell), follicular lymphomas were invariably of B-cell type, and immunoblastic lymphomas originating from homogeneous T- and B-cell populations were identified.
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PMID:Immunohistologic cellular phenotypes of lymphoproliferative disorders. Comprehensive evaluation of 564 cases including 257 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas classified by the International Working Formulation. 660 90


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