Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Relapse after anthracycline based combination chemotherapy is frequently seen in patients with aggressive non Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL), whereas complications such as secondary leukemia or solid tumor rarely occur. We report a patient with diffuse large cell (DLC) NHL and concurrent renal cancer, who developed acute myelofibrosis (AMF) later in the course of her disease. This 60-year-old female patient presented with pancytopenia and a right sided renal mass. Diagnostic work up revealed severe bone marrow infiltration by DLC NHL and renal cancer T1N0M0G2. Cytogenetic and molecular evaluation of bone marow cells showed three distinct clones, (a normal 46XX karyotype, a ringed chromosome 7 and a third clone with an enlarged chromosome 2 as well as several fragments). The patient underwent nephrectomy and eventually received 6 cycles of CHOP 14 chemotherapy. Anemia persisted followed by severe granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia 6 weeks later. Repeated bone marrow biopsy showed absence of lymphoma and/or cancer metastasis, but massive myelofibrosis with an increased number of atypical megakaryocytes. Considering the short clinical course and the absence of hepatosplenomegaly AMF was diagnosed. The concurrence of three distinctneoplasms within a short period of time as well as the complex cytogenetic aberrations found in her bone marrow cells reflect a strong individual susceptibility to malignant disease in this patient.
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PMID:Acute myelofibrosis in a patient with diffuse large cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma and renal cancer. 1456 65

Previous reports of cancer after kidney transplantation have been limited by small numbers of patients in single-center studies and incomplete ascertainment of cases in large registries. We examined rates of malignancies among first-time recipients of deceased or living donor kidney transplantations in 1995-2001 (n = 35 765) using Medicare billing claims. For most common tumors, e.g. colon, lung, prostate, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, ovary and breast, cancer rates were roughly twofold higher after kidney transplantation compared with the general population. Melanoma, leukemia, hepatobiliary tumors, cervical and vulvovaginal tumors were each approximately fivefold more common. Testicular and bladder cancers were increased approximately threefold, while kidney cancer was approximately 15-fold more common. Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and nonmelanoma skin cancers were more than 20-fold increased than in the general population. Compared with patients on the waiting list, several tumors were more common after transplantation (p < 0.01): nonmelanoma skin cancers (2.6-fold), melanoma (2.2-fold), Kaposi's sarcoma (9.0-fold), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (3.3-fold), cancer of the mouth (2.2-fold), and cancer of the kidney (39% higher). The rates for most malignancies are higher after kidney transplantation compared with the general population. Cancer should continue to be a major focus of prevention in kidney transplantation.
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PMID:Cancer after kidney transplantation in the United States. 1514 14

We comprehensively reviewed the published scientific literature on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cancer and evaluated results based upon epidemiologic criteria of judgment: consistency of results, strength of association, dose response, molecular specificity, and biological plausibility. Sufficient data from 91 epidemiologic studies were available to examine the dose response of relative risk and level of NSAID intake for ten human malignancies. Dose response curves were fitted by exponential regression. Results showed a significant exponential decline in the risk with increasing intake of NSAIDs (primarily aspirin or ibuprofen) for 7-10 malignancies including the four major types: colon, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. Daily intake of NSAIDs, primarily aspirin, produced risk reductions of 63% for colon, 39% for breast, 36% for lung, and 39% for prostate cancer. Significant risk reductions were also observed for esophageal (73%), stomach (62%), and ovarian cancer (47%). NSAID effects became apparent after five or more years of use and were stronger with longer duration. Observed protective effects were also consistently stronger for gastrointestinal malignancies (esophagus, stomach, and colon). Results for pancreatic, urinary bladder, and renal cancer were inconsistent. Initial epidemiologic studies of malignant melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, and adult leukemia also found that NSAIDs are protective. A few studies suggest that ibuprofen has stronger anticancer effects than aspirin, particularly against breast and lung cancer. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and increased prostaglandin biosynthesis correlates with carcinogenesis and metastasis at most anatomic sites. Preclinical investigations provide consistent evidence that both selective and non-selective NSAIDs effectively inhibit chemically-induced carcinogenesis of epithelial tumors. This review provides compelling and converging evidence that regular intake of NSAIDs that non-selectively block COX-2 protects against the development of many types of cancer.
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PMID:Aspirin, ibuprofen, and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer prevention: a critical review of non-selective COX-2 blockade (review). 1600 77

A 14-year update to a previously published historical cohort study of aluminum reduction plant workers was conducted [1]. All men with three or more years at an aluminum reduction plant in British Columbia (BC), Canada between the years 1954 and 1997 were included; a total of 6,423 workers. A total of 662 men were diagnosed with cancer, representing a 400% increase from the original study. Standardized mortality and incidence ratios were used to compare the cancer mortality and incidence of the cohort to that of the BC population. Poisson regression was used to examine risk by cumulative exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) measured as benzene soluble materials (BSM) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The risk for bladder cancer was related to cumulative exposure to CTPV measured as BSM and BaP (p trends <0.001), and the risk for stomach cancer was related to exposure measured by BaP (p trend BaP <0.05). The risks for lung cancer (p trend <0.001), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (p trend <0.001), and kidney cancer (p trend <0.01) also increased with increasing exposure, although the overall rates were similar to that of the general population. Analysis of the joint effect of smoking and CTPV exposure on cancer showed the observed dose-response relationships to be independent of smoking.
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PMID:Cancer risk in aluminum reduction plant workers (Canada). 1684 Dec 61

A large body of epidemiologic evidence exists for exploring causal associations between cancer and trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2001 draft TCE health risk assessment concluded that epidemiologic studies, on the whole, support associations between TCE exposure and excess risk of kidney cancer, liver cancer, and lymphomas, and, to a lesser extent, cervical cancer and prostate cancer. As part of a mini-monograph on key issues in the health risk assessment of TCE, this article reviews recently published scientific literature examining cancer and TCE exposure and identifies four issues that are key to interpreting the larger body of epidemiologic evidence: a) relative sensitivity of cancer incidence and mortality data ; b) different classifications of lymphomas, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; c) differences in data and methods for assigning TCE exposure status ; and d) different methods employed for causal inferences, including statistical or meta-analysis approaches. The recent epidemiologic studies substantially expand the epidemiologic database, with seven new studies available on kidney cancer and somewhat fewer studies available that examine possible associations at other sites. Overall, recently published studies appear to provide further support for the kidney, liver, and lymphatic systems as targets of TCE toxicity, suggesting, as do previous studies, modestly elevated (typically 1.5-2.0) site-specific relative risks, given exposure conditions in these studies. However, a number of challenging issues need to be considered before drawing causal conclusions about TCE exposure and cancer from these data.
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PMID:Trichloroethylene cancer epidemiology: a consideration of select issues. 1696 7

We report a case of metastatic renal cancer as a second malignancy in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Six years after the primary CLL diagnosis, the clinical presentation of this patient was not typical for CLL, requiring further diagnostic steps. Due to the long-lasting course of CLL second cancers can occur in these patients. In addition some forms of tumors, such as Kaposi sarkoma, malignant melanoma, laryngeal carcinoma, lung cancer and Hodgkin Lymphoma are found more frequently in this patient population. Men with CLL have an increased risk for brain tumors, women for gastric and bladder cancers.
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PMID:[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and loss of strength in the right arm--not a typical combination]. 1752 Aug 41

Lumbosacral radiculopathy is a rare complication of radiotherapy and may be challenging to differentiate from diagnosis of a tumor recurrence. We reviewed the records of three patients with a past history of cancer and radiotherapy who were referred for suspicion of carcinomatous meningitis on lumbar MRI, but whose final diagnosis was radiation-induced lumbosacral radiculopathy. The three patients developed a progressive lumbosacral radiculopathy at 20, 13, and 47 years after lumbar radiotherapy delivered for renal cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and a seminoma, respectively. MRI showed a diffuse, nodular enhancement of the cauda equina nerve roots on T1 sequences, suggestive of leptomeningeal metastasis. A slowly progressive clinical course over several years and negative cerebrospinal fluid cytologic analysis ruled out the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis. Because of the radiologic findings, a biopsy was performed in two patients. In the first, a biopsy limited to the arachnoid excluded a malignant infiltration. In the second, a biopsy of the enhancing lesions demonstrated spinal root cavernomas. These observations, together with three recent case reports in the literature, delineate a syndrome of "radiationinduced lumbosacral radiculopathy with multiple spinal root cavernomas" that mimics carcinomatous meningitis on MRI. Its diagnosis is important in order to avoid inappropriate treatment and useless or dangerous spinal root biopsies.
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PMID:Postradiation lumbosacral radiculopathy with spinal root cavernomas mimicking carcinomatous meningitis. 1875 18

Aspirin has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer and--based on limited evidence--to cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, breast, ovary and lung. The role of aspirin on other cancers, such as pancreatic, prostate and bladder cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and myeloma is less clear, and an increase of risk has been suggested for kidney cancer. For most cancer sites, however, significant heterogeneity between studies, and particularly between study design, was found, with a reduction in risk generally stronger in case-control studies than in cohort ones.
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PMID:Aspirin and cancer risk: a summary review to 2007. 1921 73

Over the past 5 years, lenalidomide (Revlimid, Celgene Co., Summit, NJ, USA), a member of a class of drugs termed immunomodulatory drugs, has emerged as a significant weapon in the arsenal of cancer-therapeutics. It is a lead therapeutic in multiple myeloma and del-5q myelodysplastic syndromes and has also been trialed for acute leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma, T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, malignant melanoma, renal cancer, advanced ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma. The most significant development for lenalidomide has been its FDA approval (US and Europe) for previously treated multiple myeloma in combination with dexamethasone. The following review describes key clinical and mechanistic breakthroughs that have made lenalidomide a leading cancer therapeutic.
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PMID:Lenalidomide: a novel anticancer drug with multiple modalities. 1923 86

To update trends in childhood cancer mortality in Europe, we analysed mortality data derived from the World Health Organization for all childhood neoplasms, bone and kidney cancers, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and leukaemias, in 30 European countries up to 2007. Between 1990-1994 and 2005-2007, mortality from all neoplasms steadily declined in most European countries (from 5.2 to 3.5/100,000 boys and from 4.3 to 2.8/100,000 girls in the European Union, EU). In 2005-2007, however, mortality rates from childhood cancers were still higher in countries from Eastern (4.9/100,000 boys and 3.9/100,000 girls) and Southern (4.0/100,000 boys and 3.1/100,000 girls) Europe than in those from Western (3.1/100,000 boys and 2.5/100,000 girls) and Northern (3.2/100,000 boys and 2.5/100,000 girls) Europe. Similar temporal trends and geographic patterns were observed for leukaemias, with declines from 1.7 to 0.9/100,000 boys and from 1.3 to 0.7/100,000 girls between 1990-1994 and 2005-2007 in the EU. For kidney cancer and NHL mortality rates were low and have been declining in larger European countries over the last 15 years. The pattern of trends was less clear for bone cancer, with no systematic downward trends at age 0-14, though some fall was evident at age 15-19. Thus, mortality from childhood cancer continued to decline over more recent years in most European countries. However, the mortality rates in Eastern - but also Southern - European countries in the mid 2000's were similar to those in the Western and Northern European ones in the early 1990's. Some further improvement in childhood cancer mortality is therefore achievable through more widespread and better adoption of currently available treatments.
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PMID:Childhood cancer mortality in Europe, 1970-2007. 1981


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