Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 13 cancers that tend to occur at lower rates in aboriginal Americans or in the native lands of Japanese, Chinese, and Spanish-speaking persons than in United States whites, rates for all but one (laryngeal) have increased in migrants to the United States. In addition to leukemia, these 13 cancers include neoplasms that have been related, at least in part, to a diet high in animal fats or proteins (colon and rectum cancer); reproductive and endocrinologic factors and a diet high in animal fats or protein (prostate, ovary, corpus uteri, breast, and testis cancer); chemical carcinogens (lung, larynx, bladder, and pancreas cancer); and a common infectious agent that, like polio viruses, causes clinically overt disease with a frequency directly related to age of patient at initial infection (Hodgkin's disease). Of 9 cancers that occur at higher rates in aboriginal Americans or in one or more of the native lands of migrants than in United States whites, the rates of 5 tend to decrease in migrants. These include cancers that may be related to food preservation (stomach cancer); products of microorganisms that may contaminate foods (esophagus and liver cancer); and infectious agents (nasopharynx, cervix uteri, and liver cancer). In addition, rates of cancer of the thyroid are high in aboriginal Americans; those of the gallbladder are high in individuals of native American ancestry and in Japanese; incidence of salivary gland tumors is high in Alaskan natives and Colombians; and rates of kidney cancer are high in Alaskan natives. Five types of epidemiologic studies are described that should be conducted in the migrants and in their countries of origin and adoption to elucidate further the etiology of various neoplasms.
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PMID:Epidemiologic studies of cancer in minority groups in the western United States. 53 17

The temporal changes in childhood and adolescent cancer survival in Sweden 1960-1984 were analyzed. Complete follow-up through 1986 of 6,262 patients younger than 20 years at diagnosis revealed that the overall 5-year survival rates increased from 36.1 to 65.7% in males and from 43.6 to 73.6% in females. The temporal trends differed markedly between age groups and tumour sites and types. Over the study period, 5-years, survival for testicular cancer increased from 46.9 to 87.2%, kidney cancer, predominantly Wilms' tumour from 35.5 to 77.1% (with a higher rate of 89.1% in 1975-1979), Hodgkin's disease from 61.2 to 91.9%, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from 32.5 to 76.6%, and all leukemias from 8.9 to 58.7%. Only a moderate improvement was noted for tumours of the bone, muscle and connective tissue, and survival rates for tumours of the nervous system remained largely unchanged. Our data reflect the remarkable therapeutic improvements that have occurred for cancer in the young and indicate that these improvements have rapidly become available in Sweden.
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PMID:Trends in childhood and adolescent cancer survival in Sweden 1960 through 1984. 131 69

Histograms including age-standardised (0-14 years, world standard) incidence and mortality rates from selected childhood cancers are presented for 21 European cancer registration areas and 24 countries. The overall range of variation in all childhood cancer incidence rates across various cancer registration areas in Europe was around a factor 1.5, with highest rates in Spain, Italy, Sweden and France, and lowest rates in Poland, Hungary, UK, Germany and Yugoslavia. For most single cancer sites, however, the observed pattern is essentially attributable to random variation alone. A clearer pattern, however, emerged with reference to mortality. The overall range of variation, in fact, was around a factor two in both sexes, with highest rates in Bulgaria, Portugal, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland, and the lowest rates in Austria, UK, Germany, The Netherlands and Finland. Trends in mortality from childhood cancers between 1950 and 1989 were also presented. Recent declines were observed for total childhood cancer mortality, leukaemias, kidney cancer (Wilms' tumours), Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas in most European countries. These declines, however, were generally earlier and larger in northern as compared with southern and, mostly, with eastern European countries. This pattern of trends likely reflects the different adoption and impact of newer efficacious therapies of childhood cancer, and hence, confirms that there is ample scope for further reduction in childhood cancer mortality in several eastern and some southern European countries.
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PMID:Patterns of childhood cancer incidence and mortality in Europe. 141 1

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) plus lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell therapy has antineoplastic activity in renal cancer and malignant melanoma. In order to explore the activity of this therapy in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the Extramural IL-2/LAK Working Group (ILWG) treated 27 patients on two protocols using high-dose IL-2 and autologous LAK cells. Two of 12 patients with Hodgkin's disease experienced partial responses lasting 6 and 12 weeks. No patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma responded (p = NS). The toxicities of therapy were similar to those reported by the ILWG from trials of IL-2/LAK in solid tumors, consisting of transient hemodynamic, cardiopulmonary, renal and hepatic dysfunction, skin rash, fever, and flu-like symptoms. In view of the low response rate and the brief duration of these responses, we do not recommend the regimens reported here for further investigation in Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
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PMID:Phase II trial of high-dose interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 186 45

Age-specific worldwide trends in cancer mortality were reviewed, with emphasis on cancer sites where increases have been reported in the USA. Cancer rates vary by factors as high as 30 between all countries, and 5-fold within and between industrialised countries. In Italy, Japan, Federal Republic of Germany, England and Wales, and the USA, patterns of cancer mortality have shifted uniformly over the past two decades. Stomach cancer continues to decline, while brain and other central-nervous-system cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma have increased in persons aged 55 and older. Cancer of the lung is starting to decline for men under age 85 and women under age 60 in England and Wales and men under age 45 in the USA, but is still rising for men and women in other countries. All forms of cancer are increasing in persons over age 54 except lung and stomach (which together comprise between 20% and 43% of all cancer in males in these countries). Studies of the quality of ascertainment and enumeration indicate that these increases are not attributable solely to diagnostic artifacts or to increased access to health care, although both these factors may be involved. These recorded increases in cancer should be assessed in greater detail to provide better projections of health care needs and to identify causal factors that may be controlled. The changes in cancer other than lung are so great and rapid that their causes demand intensive investigation.
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PMID:International trends in cancer mortality in France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, England and Wales, and the USA. 197 9

Mortality among 5365 members of a dry cleaning union in St. Louis, Missouri, was less than expected for all causes combined (SMR = 0.9) but slightly raised for cancer (SMR = 1.2). Among the cancers, statistically significant excesses occurred for oesophagus (SMR = 2.1) and cervix (SMR = 1.7) and non-significant excesses for larynx (SMR = 1.6), lung (SMR = 1.3), bladder (SMR = 1.7), thyroid (SMR = 3.3), lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma (SMR = 1.7), and Hodgkin's disease (SMR = 2.1). Mortality from emphysema was also significantly raised (SMR = 2.0). Eleven of the 13 deaths from oesophageal cancer occurred among black men. The risk of this cancer showed a significant association with estimated cumulative exposure to dry cleaning solvents (rising to 2.8-fold in the highest category) but not with level or duration of exposure. Mortality from kidney cancer was not excessive as reported in other studies. Excesses for emphysema and cancers of the larynx, lung, oesophagus, bladder, and cervix may be related to socioeconomic status, tobacco, or alcohol use. Although the number of deaths was small, the greatest risk for cancers of the lymphatic and haematopoietic system (fourfold) occurred among workers likely to have held jobs where exposures were the heaviest. Small numbers and limited information on exposure to specific substances complicates interpretation of this association but is unlikely to be due to confounding by tobacco use. It was not possible to identify workers exposed to specific dry cleaning solvents but mortality among those entering the union after 1960, when use of perchloroethylene was predominant, was similar to those entering before 1960.
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PMID:Cancer and other causes of death among a cohort of dry cleaners. 232 23

A large excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been documented in renal transplant patients and may be related to immunosuppressive therapy, persistent antigenic challenge from the graft, or both. To determine whether immuno-suppression resulting from chronic renal failure is associated with an elevated risk of certain tumors such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the authors studied cancer incidence in a national cohort of 28,049 patients in the United States with chronic renal failure who received maintenance dialysis for at least six months (totaling 66,706 person-years of observation). Compared with national incidence rates, the relative risk (RR) of cancer was 0.9 (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer, and uterine cervix cancer). Moderate excesses of leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, thyroid cancer, and biliary tract cancer were found, but were not statistically significant for both sexes combined. A significantly elevated risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (RR = 2.6) accounted for the excess observed in the total series, raising the possibility of factors specific to this disease.
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PMID:Cancer in patients receiving long-term dialysis treatment. 311 33

Cancer incidence trends from the late 1940s to 1983-84 were assessed among white residents of five geographic areas (Atlanta, Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, San Francisco-Oakland) by means of data derived from several National Cancer Institute surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends were compared with mortality trends for the entire United States and for the same five study areas. This study documented rising incidence and mortality rates for four cancers: lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in lung cancer continued through the early 1980s, but the rate of increase has been moderating during recent years, particularly among males and at younger ages for whom recent declines are evident. Overall, lung cancer incidence rates increased more than 220 and 400% among males and females, respectively. Although much rarer than lung cancer, melanoma of the skin and multiple myeloma increased greatly until the early 1980s among both males and females. The overall rate of increase in melanoma incidence among males was greater than that for lung cancer, and the rate of increase in multiple myeloma mortality among females was exceeded only by that for lung cancer. Increases of 70-120% were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were apparent during the early years but less conspicuous in recent years. Laryngeal and kidney cancer rates generally increased substantially, although the changes were not remarkable for laryngeal cancer mortality among males and kidney cancer mortality among females. The rates for cancers of the mouth and pharynx increased among females but not males. Prostate, colon, and bladder cancer incidence rates increased more than 65% among males, whereas mortality rates changed only moderately. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased more than 75% among both sexes until the late 1970s, but mortality rates have declined during the period of study. Breast cancer incidence increased 30%, whereas mortality rates remained remarkably constant. The incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and decreased substantially thereafter; these changes were not reflected in the mortality rates, which continually declined during the entire time period. The incidence of testicular cancer increased more than 90% and that of Hodgkin's disease did not change greatly; however, mortality rates for both cancers declined more than 50% since the late 1960s and early 1970s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. 330 21

Adoptive immunotherapy involving bolus-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) has been reported to induce tumor regression in some patients with cancer, but has been associated with severe fluid retention and cardiopulmonary stress. In an effort to preserve the efficacy but reduce the toxicity of this treatment, we used escalating doses of rIL-2 as a constant infusion rather than as a bolus dose. Forty-eight patients with advanced cancer received rIL-2 as a 24-hour infusion in five-day cycles separated by five-day periods of rest and leukapheresis. Eight patients were removed from the study before receiving cells activated in vitro. In the 40 who could be evaluated for their response, there were 13 partial responses (32.5 percent) and 2 minor responses. Partial responses were observed in Hodgkin's disease (one of one), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (one of one), lung cancer (one of five), ovarian cancer (one of one), parotid cancer (one of two), renal cancer (three of six), and melanoma (five of ten). Responses were associated with a good performance status, a base-line lymphocyte count above 1400 per cubic millimeter, and an rIL-2-induced lymphocyte count of at least 6000. Optimal lymphocytosis required a priming dose of rIL-2 of 3 X 10(6) U per square meter of body-surface area per day, and 15 of 28 patients receiving this priming dose responded to treatment. A weight gain of more than 10 percent of total body weight (five patients) and dyspnea at rest (six patients) were unusual events restricted to patients with poorer pretreatment performance. We conclude that the administration of rIL-2 as a constant infusion may preserve the antineoplastic activity of adoptive immunotherapy while increasing the safety and comfort of patients.
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PMID:Constant-infusion recombinant interleukin-2 in adoptive immunotherapy of advanced cancer. 349 33

Eleven population-based cancer registries tabulated second cancers among 133,411 patients diagnosed with testicular cancer, ovarian cancer or Hodgkin's disease between 1945 and 1984. Overall, 3,157 second cancers were observed, as compared with 2,420 expected at least one year after the first cancer. Survivors of testicular and ovarian cancer experienced 30% and 20% more cancers respectively than the general population comparison group, and patients previously diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease had an 80% excess of cancer. No information was available either on treatment for the first cancer, or other risk factors. However, temporal patterns in the risk of specific second cancers were analysed, with particular reference to the possible role of therapy for the first cancer. Leukaemia of the acute or non-lymphatic type, which has been previously linked to alkylating agent therapy, occurred in excess following all 3 first cancers, as did non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (overall relative risks of 6.1 and 1.8 respectively, with considerably higher relative risks following Hodgkin's disease). Other cancers for which important and plausibly therapy-induced excesses occurred were lung cancer following Hodgkin's disease (relative risk 1.9), breast cancer following Hodgkin's disease (relative risk 1.4) and bladder cancer following ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease (relative risks 1.7 and 2.2 in women, respectively). Rarer sites at which striking excesses occurred were the salivary gland, thyroid, bone and connective tissue. There were smaller, but clear excesses for cancers of the rectum and colon following ovarian cancer and testicular cancer, skin cancer following Hodgkin's disease, and kidney cancer following ovarian cancer. Overdiagnosis, misclassification of metastases and confounding by other risk factors were all considered as explanations of observed excesses. Nonetheless, it appeared that there are clear excess risks for cancers other than acute leukaemia which must be ascribed to therapy for the first cancer, especially in view of the possible under-reporting in registry material. Case-control studies are under way to provide information on the role of specific aspects of therapy.
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PMID:Second malignancies following testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease: an international collaborative study among cancer registries. 357 May 50


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