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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The origin of Hodgkin (H) and Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells remains a highly controversial issue. Studies on noncultured, freshly disaggregated biopsy material or of histological sections have not definitely established the cell lineage of HD cells, although evidence has been gathered that has allowed interpretation to favor one or the other hematopoietic cell type. In recent years a number of cell lines have been established from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) which are claimed to represent in vitro counterparts of H-RS cells. The phenotypic and functional properties of 7 HD-derived cell lines are reviewed here. The cell lines are not identical; they show many common features, but also a number of important differences in their phenotypes as well as in their in vitro behavior. The cell lines differ with some having characteristics of T cells, others of B cells, and yet others of the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. This heterogeneity of H-RS established cell lines could be explained in a variety of ways: (a) the heterogeneity of HD itself might result from a disease process which leads to fusion of different cell types resulting in different phenotypic forms of H-RS cells depending on the cells involved; (b) the different cell types might reflect differences in the malignant cells present in the separate subtypes of HD; (c) the difficulty in successfully establishing H-RS cell lines might mean that unrepresentative cell types adapt to in vitro conditions. Rather than resolve the origin of H-RS cells, the established HD-derived cell lines have been consistent with the heterogeneity described in histochemical, immunohistological, and immunocytochemical studies.
Leukemia 1987 Sep
PMID:Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines--conflicting clues for the origin of Hodgkin's disease? 331 48

Two sequential lymph node biopsies taken from a non-Hodgkin lymphoma patient revealed two karyotype abnormalities peculiar to B cell neoplasias: trisomy 12 and t(2;8)(p12;q24) translocation. The first was documented in all cells analyzed, while the second was present in 20% of the metaphases from the first biopsy and in 100% from the second. This suggests that the t(2;8) translocation arose as a secondary karyotypic change. In addition, although immunological characterization of the neoplastic cells disclosed a monoclonal B cell population that expressed immunoglobulin kappa light chains, as usually found in Burkitt's lymphoma with t(2;8) translocation, Southern blot analysis provided evidence of rearrangement in only one kappa chain allele.
Leukemia 1988 Jan
PMID:Immunological and molecular studies in a case of follicular lymphoma with an extra chromosome 12 and t(2;8) translocation. 333 3

The biological characteristics and prognosis of childhood malignant lymphoma were reviewed. A national survey of 568 cases of childhood malignant lymphoma in Japan revealed that 505 cases (88.9%) were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and 63 cases (11.1%) were Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). The biological characteristics of NHL in Japan were a male predominance, an average age of 7.8 years, and frequent occurrence in the head and neck (38.2%). Histopathologically, only 3.2% of NHL was nodular type and 96.8% was diffuse type (lymphoblastic 28.4%, histiocytic 19.5%, medium-size cell 18.6%, Burkitt's 14.6%, and miscellaneous 15.8%.) The characteristics of the 63 cases of HL were a male predominance, an average age of 9.3 years, 73% of primary lesions in the cervical nodes, and 46.6% of mixed cellularity type. The survival rate at 7 years estimated by the Kaplan -Meier method was 41.1% for patients with NHL, and 84.9% for patients with HL. Leukemic conversion and CNS involvement occurred in 27.9% and 22.9% of patients with NHL, respectively. The current multi-institutional treatment study for NHL conducted by the Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG) has improved the prognosis of childhood NHL to an 84.6% induction rate with initial therapy and a relapse-free survival rate of 55.6% at four years. The most important principle for the management of childhood malignant lymphoma is the recognition of the systemic nature of the disease.
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PMID:[Biological characteristics and prognosis of childhood malignant lymphoma]. 380 Apr 7

We have classified 200 cases of lymphoid leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (LL and L) typed with as many monoclonal antibodies as possible for each case in the WHO Leukemia and Lymphoma categorisation modified according to the today knowledge of normal cell differentiation. We have found that the lymphoid acute leukemias correspond respectively to normal differentiation steps: the [microblastic] to the polyvalent stem cell TdT+, Ia+, B4- or to the lymphoid progenitor TdT+, Ia+, B4-; the [prolymphoblastic T] to the prothymocyte TdT+, OKT11+, OKT10+, 9+, 6-, 4-, 8-; the [prolymphoblastic non T] to the B precursor B4+, B1+, J5+, C mu-, sIg-; the [T-macrolymphoblastic] to the OKT6+ thymocyte; the [B-macrolymphoblastic] to the large pre-B C mu+; the [prolymphocytic T] to the OKT6-, 3+, 4+ and 8+ thymocyte; the [prolymphocytic B] to the small pre-B C mu+; the Burkitt's leukemia to a pre-B cell transformed into a lymphoblastoid cell sIg mu. The B-CLL is constituted of sIg mu+, gamma-, Ia+, B4+, B1+, FC+ virgin lymphocytes and the T-cell either of OKT3+, 4+ or of 8+ peripheral T-lymphocyte, the mantle zone B- lymphoma is constituted of sIg mu+, FC- primary lymphocytes. The B-centro-follicular lymphomas are made of sIg mu+, delta+, gamma+ either small cell cleaved, or large cell. The Burkitt's and non-endemic Burkitt's lymphomas are made of transformed cells into sIg mu+ lymphoblastoid B-cells. We have described a non-blastic, non-Burkitt's, non-follicular, medium cell lymphoma sIg+. The B-immunoblastic lymphoma is sIg mu+, delta-, gamma+, FC+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lymphoid leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma type continuum, superimposed to lymphocyte differentiation step continuum. A proposition for a revised W. H. O. lympiioid leukemia-lymphoma categorisation. 386 94

Between 1974 and 1977, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) initiated four studies which address current major questions in the therapy for Hodgkin's disease. The efficacy of chemotherapy alone as compared with combined modality therapy in patients with poor-prognostic stages I and II is evaluated in CALGB 7751. Currently, both therapies produce very high complete remission rates in asymptomatic patients; the remission rate is better with combined modality therapy in symptomatic patients. Single and combined modality therapies are compared for stage III patients in CALGB 7451. Complete remission rates have been similar, but relapse-free survival is superior for patients treated with local nodal radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy (P = 0.04). In particular, stage IIIA patients with nodular sclerosis seem to benefit from the inclusion of radiotherapy in their initial treatment. In CALGB 7551, the efficacy of chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy to areas of bulky disease is under study in patients with stages IIIB and IV. Currently, a relapse rate of less than 10% has been seen among sites irradiated, and survival is best for patients treated with radiotherapy bracketed by chemotherapy. Finally, the role of two alternating non-cross-resistant combination chemotherapy programs is being studied in CALGB 7552. Relapse-free and overall survival is better with the doxorubicin-containing regimen than with either the alternating or alternate chemotherapy program. At present, the median followup for each of these studies is less than 5 years. Further observation is required to answer the critical questions relating to prolonged disease-free survival and cure.
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PMID:Chemotherapy and combined modality therapy for Hodgkin's disease: a progress report on Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies. 617 20

Cancer mortality among children in the United States, 1950 through 1979, as evaluated by death certificate diagnoses, revealed dramatic declines primarily in the second half of the 30-year interval. The numbers of deaths of persons younger than 15 years, 1965 through 1979, as compared with the number expected at 1950 rates, fell 50% for leukemia, 32% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 80% for Hodgkin's disease, 50% for bone sarcoma, 68% for kidney cancer, and 31% for all other cancer. There were 17,411 fewer deaths from childhood cancer from 1965 through 1979 than expected at the 1950 rate. Leukemia mortality declined by 8,073 deaths and kidney tumor mortality by 2,393. In data subsequently received for 1980, the decline in rates persisted for leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but the rates for the other four cancer categories seem to have reached a plateau. The reduction in mortality is attributed to improved therapy.
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PMID:Decline in US childhood cancer mortality. 1950 through 1980. 636 67

Twenty individuals developed acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) following long-term chemotherapy for other disorders. The primary disorders included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (five), Hodgkin's disease (five), carcinoma (four), multiple myeloma (three), chronic leukemia (two), and rheumatoid arthritis. Leukemia developed from 11-132 months (mean approximately 60 months) following institution of chemotherapy and all cases have occurred since 1974. Pre-leukemic cytopenias were present in 15 individuals. Fifteen of the 20 patients had chromosome analyses and 14 were abnormal. The leukemia was invariably refractory to chemotherapy with a median survival of only two months. Of the patients autopsied, only one individual had any evidence of the primary malignancy. This study illustrates the need for surveillance for secondary ANLL following long-term chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy. Duration of optimal chemotherapy for the primary disease must be determined by control trials and weighed against the risk of developing a secondary leukemia.
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PMID:Induced acute non-lymphocytic leukemia following long-term chemotherapy: a study of 20 cases. 692 96

Six hundred and thirteen consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), with a follow-up of two to ten years, were reviewed with the aim of establishing the type and frequency of second malignancies. Acute non-lymphoid leukemia developed in 2 of 152 patients treated by chemotherapy (CHT), and in 5 of 344 patients treated by CHT and radiotherapy (RT). Leukemia developed 12 to 83 months after diagnosis of HD, was always preceded by a preleukemic phase (3 to 25 months), and was always fatal (after 1 to 12 months). The karyotype of leukemic cells was studied in 4 of 7 patients and was always abnormal. Solid tumors developed in 1 of 152 patients treated by CHT, and in 4 of 344 patients treated by CHT and RT. The tumors appeared 10 to 63 months after diagnosis of HD and killed all 5 patients after 10 to 16 months. For patients treated by CHT, the actuarial frequency of leukemia and other tumors seven years after diagnosis of HD was 2.0% and 1.26%, respectively. For patients treated by CHT and RT, the figures were 2.04% and 2.26%, respectively. Second malignancies were not recorded among 117 patients treated by RT alone. These data are consistent with a relationship of acute leukemia to therapy for HD.
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PMID:Second malignancy in patients treated by Hodgkin's disease. 693 97

Although age is a recognized prognostic factor in advanced Hodgkin's disease, there are few data concerning the use of combination chemotherapy in patients greater than 60 years. In two phase III trials of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, 385 previously untreated patients with stage III or IV Hodgkin's disease received multidrug chemotherapy. All patients received a combination of either mechlorethamine or a nitrosourea, as well as a vinca alkaloid, procarbazine, and prednisone. Two hundred and five patients were less than 40 years of age, 107 were 40-59 years, and 73 were greater than or equal to 60 years. The overall response rates in these three age groups were 70%, 66%, and 40%, respectively. Age at the time of diagnosis was the predominant factor affecting response, and the response rate was not significantly higher in those older patients who received full doses of chemotherapy. Age was also associated with an increased frequency of serious leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The group of patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age experienced the shortest median time to recurrence, 33 months. The intermediate age group also had a shorter time to recurrence (median, 44 months) than patients less than 40 years (median not yet reached). The low complete response rate and the short duration of response in the patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age resulted in a median survival time of 18 months. Even when the analysis of restricted to just the older patients who received greater than or equal to 90% of the projected drug doses, the complete remission rate, the median time to recurrence (20 months), and the duration of survival (27 months) are still much shorter than in younger patients.
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PMID:Effect of age on therapeutic response and survival in advanced Hodgkin's disease. 704 88

Despite their generally favorable mortality experience, general occupational surveys of farmers suggest they have elevated risks of cancer of the lymphatic and hematopoietic systems, stomach, prostate, brain, and skin. Since farmers often serve in the role of mechanic, carpenter, welder, pesticide applicator, and veterinarian, they may be exposed to many potentially hazardous substances. The types and levels of exposures have been discussed by others earlier in the program. The evidence is strongest for the association between farming and risk of leukemia. However, the specific leukemogenic agent or agents have yet to be identified. Leukemia excesses among poultrymen and dairy farmers suggest involvement of zoonotic viruses, while associations with crop production is more indicative of pesticide usage. The associations regarding other cancers (i.e., Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, soft-tissue sarcoma, and cancers of the stomach, brain, and prostate) are even less clear. However, the Swedish reports of high risk of soft-tissue sarcomas and lymphomas among persons exposed to herbicides is particularly disconcerting and underscores the urgent need for similar epidemiologic studies in the U.S. Several case-control interview studies are underway that should help clarify the role of agricultural factors in the origin of various cancers. NCI is sponsoring studies of leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men from Minnesota and Iowa. Detailed information on farm practices and pesticide usage is being gathered. A study of soft-tissue sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma also has just been initiated. This investigation is located in Kansas, a major wheat producing area. A wheat producing area was selected because herbicides are more heavily used on this crop than insecticides. The major objective of this project is to evaluate the role of herbicides in the origin of these cancers. A case-control study of brain cancer has also recently been initiated. Although this study focuses on contact with petrochemicals, a complete work history will be obtained and would note any farm experience. These data may help clarify the reported association between brain cancer and farming.
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PMID:Cancer risks associated with agriculture: epidemiologic evidence. 715 Feb 8


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