Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of two personal observations and of 18 published cases, a review of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating in the skeletal muscle is presented. The disease mainly affects persons in the seventh decade. Ninety-five percent of the tumors occur in the extremities, with 75% in the lower extremities. Most lymphomas were of low grade malignancy, with intermediate and high grade tumors accounting for 45% of cases. Reliable differentiation of NHL from other small round cell tumors of the soft tissues, such as rhabdomyosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma, and from metastatic carcinoma, is mandatory for therapeutic purposes. Diagnosis can be established by light microscopy alone in most patients. In doubtful cases immunohistochemistry may be required.
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PMID:[Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the muscles]. 336 8

Etoposide (VP-16), 150 mg/M2, given intravenously daily for 3 days every 3 weeks resulted in 3 complete responses and 6 partial responses in 154 patients with a spectrum of recurrent malignant solid tumors. There was evidence of disease control in an additional 37 patients (27 mixed responses and 10 stable disease). These responses occurred primarily in patients with Ewing's sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Most of the patients had every extensive prior therapy; however prior therapy with teniposide (VM-26), the congener of VP-16, did not seem to preclude responses to the latter drug. Myelosuppression was the principal form of toxicity. Neutropenia characterized by absolute neutrophil counts of 0.5 to 0.9 x 10(9)/L occurred in one-half of the patients, and thrombopenia with platelet counts of less than 25 to 49 x 10(9)/L in one-fourth. These results demonstrate a favorable therapeutic index for VP-16 in several recurrent childhood solid tumors, supporting its use as a component of primary therapy for these diseases.
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PMID:Clinical trial of etoposide (VP-16) in children with recurrent malignant solid tumors. A phase II study from the Pediatric Oncology Group. 341 Jun 65

Fourteen patients with malignant tumors of bone (ten osteogenic sarcomas, one Ewing's tumor, one giant-cell tumor, two non-Hodgkin's lymphomas), plus one patient with a synovial cell sarcoma, who had been treated by standard extremity-conserving chemotherapy regimens, were examined before treatment by means of localized phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thirteen (86%) of 15 examinations were successful, and 100% of successful examinations showed metabolic abnormality in the tumor. Tumors contained excess adenosine triphosphate and inorganic phosphate, an unusual peak of phosphomonoester, consistent with excessive glycolysis in tumors. The intratumor pH was normal in the 12 bone tumors, but acidic in the single soft-tissue sarcoma (pH 6.8). Metabolic response was observed in all seven patients monitored during chemotherapy, with the earliest examinations being performed two days after first treatment. An increase in the inorganic phosphate level, loss of adenosine triphosphate, and loss of phosphomonoester indicated tumor response; loss of all abnormal metabolites (two of seven patients) indicated regression of the tumor. Tumor relapse was accompanied by reappearance of abnormalities in the magnetic resonance spectrum. Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a unique means of determining the early response of these malignant tumors to therapy as well as predicting their relapse.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma and other neoplasms of bone. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor therapy. 347 51

Twenty-nine consecutive patients 2-35 years old underwent serial thoracic CT evaluations for metastatic disease. Thymic volumes were determined for each patient during cycles of chemotherapy and were compared with the patient's clinical status. This group included patients with Hodgkin's disease (13 patients), osteogenic sarcoma (five), testicular neoplasm (four), Wilms' tumor (three), rhabdomyosarcoma (two), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (one), and Ewing's sarcoma (one). Seven patients with mediastinal lymphoma had tumor involvement of the thymus and therefore were excluded. The 22 remaining patients showed cyclic thymic volume changes in response to chemotherapy or its discontinuance. During the first course of chemotherapy the thymic volume decreased by an average of 43% in 20 of 22 patients. Between the first and second course, regrowth was observed in all 20 of these patients. Among the six patients who received a second course of therapy, an average volume decrease of 36% was observed during the second course with regrowth again occurring during recovery from chemotherapy. Thymic rebound (regrowth 50% greater than baseline volume) occurred in five patients, three of whom were in clinical remission. The thymus appears to atrophy during the administration of chemotherapy and regrow during the recovery phase of chemotherapy in 90% of the patients studied. Thymic hyperplasia or rebound is a relatively common phenomenon occurring in 25% of patients. The size of the thymus appears to be extremely sensitive to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Thymic atrophy and regrowth in response to chemotherapy: CT evaluation. 349 49

Studies of the presenting height of children with malignancies have produced conflicting results, from an excess of taller patients to an excess of shorter patients. The problems of measurement bias, inadequate comparison populations, small numbers of patients, subgroup analyses, and overreliance on simple significance tests are all possible reasons for the variation in results. To clarify this issue, we studied heights at diagnosis of 3657 children and adolescents aged under 18 years. Their malignancies included acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, osteosarcoma, retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. Compared with published standards for the heights of children in control populations, no significant deviation from population norms was found for patients in any of the 10 disease categories after proper adjustment for multiple significance testing.
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PMID:Height at diagnosis of malignancies. 360 84

Current therapy for children with cancer includes a variety of invasive procedures many of which require repeated venous access over a considerable period of time. Such procedures are poorly tolerated by children and by their veins. Recently it has become possible to undertake the majority of such procedures by means of permanent indwelling silastic catheters improving the quality of life of the children and their parents and increasing the scope of therapeutic intervention. In the period July '83 - August '84 we have used 46 of these catheters in 45 children with malignant disease, 12 with acute myeloid leukaemia, 12 with neuroblastoma, 7 with B cell leukaemia-lymphoma, 6 with rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 with Ewing's Sarcoma, 2 with Wilms' tumor and 1 case each of Hodgkin's disease, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma and juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia. The children's ages ranged from 2 months to 14 years; 22 were male and 23 female. The catheters were inserted under general anaesthesia (duration 20-40 minutes) usually without difficulty, except for a single patient in whom no suitable vein could be found. No complications connected with the placement of the catheter were observed. Subsequent management of the catheter was initially complicated and time-consuming, but was subsequently simplified so that acceptance by parents, children and nursing staff was eventually excellent. The duration of use of 46 catheters ranges from 7 to 350+ days; 24 catheters are presently in use at 30-350+ days from insertion. Eight children died as a result of disease progression and two of sepsis with the catheter in place.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Advantages of a permanent venous access in children treated for cancer. Preliminary results]. 383 38

Tetanus toxin (TT) was used as a diagnostic marker for human neuroblastoma (NB) cells. TT binding sites visualized by TT and FITC-conjugated anti-TT antibodies were present on NB cells from all 13 cases studied comprising Stages II, III, IV, IVS and histologic grades 1 through 3. NB cells from both bone marrow aspirates and tumor biopsies as well as cultured NB cells were TT-positive. Diagnosis of NB was further ascertained by electron microscopy, cell culture, and quantitative determinations of catecholamines in tumor material. Only electron microscopic diagnoses had an accuracy comparable to that of TT labeling. None of the non-NB tumors (Ewing's sarcoma, acute lymphatic and myeloic leukemia, acute monocyte leukemia, chronic myeloic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, oat cell carcinoma of the lung, pheochromocytoma), except for the pheochromocytoma, were found to bind TT specifically. These results suggest that TT may be profitably employed as a diagnostic marker of human NB cells. The advantages of the methods are its high discriminative capacity against non-NB cells and rapid applicability.
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PMID:Tetanus toxin labeling as a novel rapid and highly specific tool in human neuroblastoma differential diagnosis. 400 7

In its histologic features, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the prototype of malignant soft tissue tumors in childhood, summarizes the problems associated with the diagnosis of this entire group of neoplasms. Many of the tumors that do not fulfill the criteria for RMS have been designated "sarcomas of uncertain histogenesis." The introduction of the concept of a soft tissue equivalent of Ewing's sarcoma may have eased the semantic anxiety without improving our conceptual understanding. It is thought that the embryonal RMS, Ewing's sarcoma, and other are derived from a primitive mesenchymal cell. Another separate category of "small blue cell tumors" are those which presumably originate from the primitive neuroepithelium. Some of the diagnostic terms applied to this category are "neuroepithelioma," "medulloepithelioma," and "peripheral neuroblastoma." Because most of these tumors are hormonally inactive and electron microscopy is not performed, the diagnosis is infrequently considered or proved. The recently described small cell tumor of thoracopulmonary origin is likely a malignant neuroepithelial neoplasm. Hematopoietic tumors, such as non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas, granulocytic sarcoma, and malignant histiocytosis, may appear in the soft tissues as the initial manifestation of these system diseases. A final group of malignant soft tissue tumors are the fibrohistiocytic ones with a biphasic pattern of small round cells and spindle cells. It now has become increasingly difficult for the pathologist to satisfy his clinical colleagues with the diagnosis of "undifferentiated malignant tumor" in a child.
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PMID:Soft tissue sarcomas of childhood: the differential diagnostic dilemma of the small blue cell. 627 17

The tremendous progress that has been made in the chemotherapy of malignant diseases since the early 1950's has enabled the cure of a significant number of cancers such as chloriocarcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the acute leukaemias, testicular carcinoma, and many childhood cancers such as rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilm's tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, ovarian cancer, and retinoblastoma. As a result, the mortality from cancers has dropped by 15% for persons under the age of 45 years and even more for those under 30 years of age. Many other metastatic cancers can now be successfully controlled with chemotherapy and, ultimately, more will be added to the growing list of curable cancers. The chemotherapeutic agents responsible for the cures of some cancers include asparaginase, actinomycin D, Adriamycin, bleomycin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, nitrogen mustard, prednisone, procarbazine, and vincristine. The discovery of new effective drugs such as AMSA and anthracenedione promises to improve the success rates obtained with present therapy. Chemotherapy is indicated for every patient who has metastatic cancer, since virtually every patient can receive some palliation from such therapy, while for some patients chemotherapy holds the promise of prolongation of life or even cure.
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PMID:The curability of advanced cancers with chemotherapy. 627 28

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is of value for the differential diagnosis of Ewing's tumor of bone. Based upon 9 new cases which were observed with SEM and TEM (transmission electron microscopy), this paper puts into consideration, for the first time, the SEM ultrastructure of Ewing's sarcoma (both variants; typical Ewing's sarcoma and the large cell Ewing's sarcoma). Furthermore, a new case of vascular Ewing's sarcoma, studied with TEM, is discussed and included in the differential diagnosis with other round cell sarcomas of bone. Both Ewing's sarcoma types evidence common ultrastructural characteristics, but the atypical variant (large cell type) shows a greater variation in cell size and contour. The cell surfaces displayed smooth structures, interrupted only by clusters of short, stub-like microvilli. Isolated cilia were also observed. Variations in cell contour and size within the same tumour are also induced through intensive chemotherapy, as noted in one of our cases. SEM seems to be suitable for the differentiation of Ewing's tumours from other primary malignancies of the bone marrow, as is the case of the so-called "reticulum cell sarcoma of bone" or malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. SEM studies associated with TEM give further support to the mesenchymal origin of this neoplasm.
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PMID:Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Ewing's sarcoma of bone (typical and atypical variants). An analysis of nine cases. 640 43


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