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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Second primary neoplasms are occurring with increasing frequency. Despite growing literature on the incidence and etiology of this phenomenon, very little has been documented about the clinical aspects and biological behavior of these tumors. As our experience has hinted at a worse prognosis for second primaries, we thought it of interest to study this phenomenon for one type of tumor. We reviewed 32 cases of thyroid cancer arising as a second neoplasm in patients with Hodgkin's disease and compared various clinical characteristics to reported series of de novo (non-radiation-induced) thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer, as a second primary, occurred more frequently in males with a more malignant histology and was diagnosed at a more advanced stage. The survival appears to be worse. The behavior of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in a host with prior malignant neoplasia appears to be more aggressive than that of both de novo (non-radiation-induced) thyroid cancer and radiation-induced thyroid cancer in a host with no prior malignancy. The selected nature of the cases precludes any firm conclusions. This type of information should be collected prospectively for all secondary malignancies as it may have an impact on the clinical management of these patients.
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PMID:The clinical behavior of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in patients with prior Hodgkin's disease. 232 Jul 43

Leu-M1 antigen is a monocyte/granulocyte-related marker known to be consistently expressed in the Reed-Sternberg cells of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Recently, however, the presence of Leu-M1 has also been noted in tumour cells of a variety of non-haematopoietic neoplasms, most of them adenocarcinomas. The biological significance of this aberrant reaction has not been clarified. We have been able to demonstrate marked epithelial Leu-M1 immunoreactivity (greater than 15% tumour cells positively stained) in 24 out of 76 (32%) papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland (PC). This phenomenon was more frequently observed among PCs at an advanced stage of disease (pT4 vs. pT1-3 and M1 vs M0 p less than 0.05). The degree of epithelial Leu-M1 positivity was also shown to be significantly correlated to the clinical course of PC. Irrespective of other morphological and clinical features, death resulting from cancer occurred 17 times more frequently among PCs with marked Leu-M1 positivity (8/24) when compared with tumours with only slight or absent immunoreactivity (1/52) (p less than 0.00005). These findings suggest that Leu-M1 immunostaining provides significant prognostic information for patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of Leu-M1 immunostaining in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland. 311 58

This is a case report of a patient who had received radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease and 48 years later developed adenosquamous carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Radiation associated thyroid carcinoma is usually of differentiated variety and carried no different prognosis than one not related to radiation. Coexisting adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma is a very rare event, but makes the prognosis of patients with thyroid carcinoma much poorer. As a result, this kind of patient requires early recognition and aggressive therapy.
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PMID:Adenosquamous carcinoma of the thyroid after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. A case report and review. 686 Oct 86

While radiotherapy and antineoplastic chemotherapy often control malignancies they may, paradoxically, cause new cancers to develop as long-term complications. Although almost any type of neoplasm can occur, radiation-induced malignancies are most likely to affect the myelopoietic tissues and the thyroid gland. The former tissues are also most frequently involved by chemotherapy. The combination of intensive radiotherapy and intensive chemotherapy is particularly leukemogenic. Acute myeloid leukemia has occurred with increased frequency following treatment of Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, polycythemia vera, carcinoma of the thyroid gland, and carcinoma of the breast. Radiation-induced malignancies usually occur in the field of irradiation. For example, radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix may be followed by the development of carcinomas of the endometrium, vagina, urinary bladder, colon , rectum, and anus, as well as mesotheliomas of the peritoneum and osteosarcomas of the pelvis. Tumors developing in an irradiated field include a substantial number of soft tissue sarcomas or osteosarcomas. There is a 20-fold increase of second cancers following treatment of childhood malignancies, mostly sarcomas of bone and soft tissues, but including leukemia, and carcinomas of the thyroid gland, skin, and breast. The latent period between radiotherapy and the appearance of a second cancer ranges from 2 years to several decades, often being 10-15 years. With chemotherapy the mean latent period is shorter, approximately 4 years. The mechanism of oncogenesis by radiotherapy or chemotherapy is poorly understood and probably involves a complex interplay of somatic mutation, co-oncogenic effects, depression of host immunity, stimulation of cellular proliferation, and genetic susceptibility. The danger of developing second malignancies following radiotherapy or chemotherapy emphasizes the need for lifelong follow-up of patients given these forms of treatment; particularly in those with a long life expectancy as are those treated for childhood neoplasms.
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PMID:Second neoplasms following radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer. 708 Nov 42

The incidence of malignancies in recipients of renal transplants was compared to that in non-grafted patients on maintenance dialysis as reported to the EDTA-ERA Registry and in the general population as recorded by the cancer registries of England and Wales, of Sweden, of the (former) German Democratic Republic, and of Lombardy and Varese in Northern Italy. For tumours known to be associated with immunosuppression, namely Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the common malignancies of the skin (except melanoma), an increased incidence was confirmed for the transplanted population. Thyroid carcinoma and hepatoma were found to be more frequent in non-grafted patients on dialysis as well as after renal transplantation. An increased incidence of cancer of the cervix and of the body of the uterus was recorded only for young cohorts with a functioning graft but not for women after menopause. Most of the other malignancies had similar incidences in grafted and non-grafted populations which did not differ from those in the general populations of the cancer registries except cancer of the colon which was slightly more frequent, particularly at 10-20 years after the first transplant operation. Survival after diagnosis of cancer at the most frequent sites, such as bronchopulmonary, breast, oesophagogastric and colorectal cancer, did not differ between non-grafted patient groups on dialysis and those who developed the tumour while carrying a functioning renal transplant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Malignancies after renal transplantation: the EDTA-ERA registry experience. European Dialysis and Transplantation Association-European Renal Association. 761 85

Previous studies have suggested an excess cancer risk in patients with carcinoid tumours. We re-examined this association by the use of truly population-based data from the Danish Cancer Register. One thousand and twenty-nine patients with carcinoid tumours diagnosed in Denmark 1978-89 were identified and followed for the occurrence of subsequent cancers. The ratio of observed to expected cancers calculated from population rates served as a measure of the relative cancer risk (RR). The annual age-adjusted incidence rate for carcinoid tumours was 1.1 per 100,000 person-years (world standardized). The overall relative risk of subsequent cancers was 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.6). Thyroid cancer, tumours of the brain and nervous system and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were in excess. Overall, this study does not support previous findings of a general excess cancer risk in patients with carcinoid tumors. Significantly increased risks of cancer were observed at some sites, but these findings were based on small numbers, and consequently need further confirmation.
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PMID:[Carcinoid tumors in Denmark 1978-1989 and the risk of development of new cancers]. 868 50

Treatment for Hodgkin's disease (HD) is associated with a variety of thyroid abnormalities, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid neoplasms. Due to the small sample size and short follow-up time of most published studies, it has been difficult to appreciate the full extent of the problem and to characterize the interaction between various patient and treatment variables. To overcome these limitations we have assessed thyroid status in 1,791 (959 males) HD survivors from among 13,674 participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a cohort of 5-yr survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1986. Thyroid abnormalities were ascertained as part of a 22-page questionnaire sent to participants. Survivors were a median of 14 yr (range, 2-20 yr) at diagnosis of HD and a median of 30 yr (range, 12-47 yr) at follow-up. Seventy-nine percent of subjects were treated with radiation (median dose of radiation to the thyroid, 3,500 cGy; range, 0.37-5,500 cGy). Control data were available from 2,808 (1,346 males) sibling controls. Thirty-four percent of the entire cohort has been diagnosed with at least one thyroid abnormality. Hypothyroidism was the most common disturbance, with a relative risk of 17.1 (P < 0.0001) compared to sibling controls. Increasing dose of radiation, older age at diagnosis of HD, and female sex were all independently associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism. Actuarial risk of hypothyroidism for subjects treated with 4,500 cGy or more is 50% at 20 yr from diagnosis. Hyperthyroidism was reported by 5% of survivors, which was 8-fold greater (P < 0.0001) than the incidence reported by the controls. Thyroid dose of 3,500 cGy or more was the only risk factor identified for hyperthyroidism. The risk of thyroid nodules was 27 times (P < 0.0001) that in sibling controls. Female sex and radiation dose to the thyroid of 2,500 cGy or more were independent risk factors for thyroid nodules. The actuarial risk of a female survivor developing a thyroid nodule is 20% at 20 yr from diagnosis. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 20 survivors, which is 18 times the expected rate for the general population. After taking into account the possibility that some of the relative risk estimates may be exaggerated due to ascertainment bias, abnormalities of the thyroid are still extremely common in young adult survivors of childhood HD, particularly among females treated with high doses of radiation to the neck.
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PMID:Abnormalities of the thyroid in survivors of Hodgkin's disease: data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. 1099 13

Thyroid carcinoma concurrent with synchronous polyneoplasia is quite rare and not fully understood. There are 15 cases of such carcinoma on the records of the Center (2000-2005) (papillary and medullar - 9, papillary and follicullar -3, papillary and anaplastic - 1, papillary - 1 and unidentified well differentiated carcinoma - 1). Still another patient had a combination of Hodgkin's disease (nodular sclerosis, cellular stage) and papillary microcarcinoma dicceminated to lymph nodes. Problems of diagnosis and therapy are discussed.
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PMID:[Synchronous polyneoplasia of the thyroid gland: problems of diagnosis and therapy]. 1719 4

Regional differences in the pattern of cancer are obvious in Saudi Arabia. From January 1987 to December 1995, 1106 new cases of cancer (642 males, 464 females) were seen at the King Fahd Specialist Hospital in Buraidah, Al-Qassim. Overall, lymphomas, non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's disease combined were the most common malignancy seen (15.10%), followed by esophageal carcinoma (7.77%). Thyroid cancer was the most common malignancy among females (12.50%), followed by breast cancer (9.48%). The majority of the patients were in the younger age group (77% were <50 years of age). Among the hematological malignancies, acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most frequent type (36.23%). Lymphomas were the most common malignancy (66.12%) seen in the pediatric age group (0-14 years), followed by leukemias and brain tumors. The pattern of cancer in Al-Qassim is generally similar to other regions of Saudi Arabia, with few regional variations. prominent among such variations is the high frequency of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), esophageal and thyroid carcinomas.
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PMID:Cancer in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study (1987-1995). 1733 3

The relative frequency of malignant disease varies with sex, age, race and geographic location. The frequency differs among the developed and developing countries. A review of the first 5000 histologically confirmed malignancies seen at the Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital Oncology Department confirmed differences from those encountered elsewhere. With the absence of a National Cancer Registry, only relative frequencies can be reported. In this series, gastrointestinal tract cancers were the most frequent, at nearly 18%, with high relative frequency of cancers of the liver and esophagus. Colorectal malignancies were less frequent than in the West. Lymphoma was the second most frequent malignancy at 13% with 2.5:1 ratio of non-Hodgkin lymphoma to Hodgkin disease. In both groups, poor prognostic histological varieties were more frequent than in the West. Breast cancer was the most frequent malignancy in females, accounting for 24% of all female cancers, in spite of the infrequency of the traditional risk factors of nulliparity, late age of first pregnancy, late age of menopause, and high dietary fat consumption. Two-thirds of patients with breast cancer were premenopausal. Other malignancies encountered at a higher frequency than in developed countries include hepatocellular carcinoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. This high relative frequency could be related to the high incidence of viral hepatitis and Epstein-Barr virus infections, respectively. The high relative frequency of oral cavity cancers is presumed to be due to chewing Qat and Shama. Thyroid cancer relative frequency was just over 5%, with a high predominance in females. No obvious etiological factors are identified. The relative frequency of bronchogenic cancer is low at 5%. This is likely to increase with the progressive rise in the habit of cigarette smoking. Skin cancer, on the other hand, is low, presumably due to the traditional dress covering the entire body and the head.
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PMID:Profile of cancer in Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital. 1758 89


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