Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pruritus is a common manifestation of dermatologic diseases, including xerotic eczema, atopic dermatitis, and allergic contact dermatitis. Effective treatment of pruritus can prevent scratch-induced complications such as lichen simplex chronicus and impetigo. Patients, particularly elderly adults, with severe pruritus that does not respond to conservative therapy should be evaluated for an underlying systemic disease. Causes of systemic pruritus include uremia, cholestasis, polycythemia vera, Hodgkin's lymphoma, hyperthyroidism, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Skin scraping, biopsy, or culture may be indicated if skin lesions are present. Diagnostic testing is directed by the clinical evaluation and may include a complete blood count and measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone, serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels. Chest radiography and testing for HIV infection may be indicated in some patients. Management of nonspecific pruritus is directed mostly at preventing xerosis. Management of disease-specific pruritus has been established for certain systemic conditions, including uremia and cholestasis.
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PMID:Pruritus. 1452 1

The authors report a case of follicular lymphoma of the testis in a 3-year-old boy. Follicular lymphoma of childhood is rare, accounting for less than 5% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the pediatric population. Children with follicular NHL have typically been described as presenting with localized disease, with a preponderance of male patients. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of the literature and found that this patient is the only child reported to have localized follicular lymphoma of the testis successfully treated without systemic chemotherapy. In all previously reported cases, a favorable outcome was seen following surgical resection and chemotherapy. This patient has remained disease-free for more than 2 years after surgical resection alone. The successful outcome in this case following surgical resection, without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, suggests that localized follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children may not be associated with occult systemic disease and that subsequent chemotherapy may not be necessary for cure.
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PMID:Primary follicular lymphoma of the testis: excellent outcome following surgical resection without adjuvant chemotherapy. 1476 97

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease that is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Prognosis depends on disease severity and response to treatment. Those patients whose diseases are refractory to treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and have persistent inflammation have reduced survival similar to patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although DMARDs reduce inflammation and improve symptoms, they do not improve long-term prognosis. Chronic synovial inflammation results in damage to the articular cartilage and adjacent bone. Consequently,after 10 years of disease most patients develop significant disability due to joint damage. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key mediator of inflammation in RA. Inhibition of IL-6 reduces synovitis and improves symptoms. Therapies targeting IL-6 are promising new treatments for RA.
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PMID:Clinical experience with inhibition of interleukin-6. 1517 49

Cutaneous lymphomas are rare in young patients and are mostly represented by mycosis fungoides and its variants and CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (lymphomatoid papulosis [LYP] and anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma). We report our observations in a series of 69 patients less than 20 years of age who presented either with primary cutaneous lymphoma (n = 62) or with secondary manifestations of extracutaneous disease (n = 7). Clinicopathologic features permitted classification of the cases into the following diagnostic categories: mycosis fungoides (n = 24, all primary cutaneous), anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (n = 13, all primary cutaneous), LYP (n = 11, all primary cutaneous), subcutaneous "panniculitis-like" T-cell lymphoma (n = 1, primary cutaneous), small-medium pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma (n = 2, all primary cutaneous), natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type (n = 1, secondary cutaneous), follicle center cell lymphoma (n = 1, primary cutaneous), marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (n = 7, all primary cutaneous), B-lymphoblastic lymphomas (n = 6, 3 primary and 3 secondary cutaneous), specific cutaneous manifestations of Hodgkin disease (n = 1, secondary cutaneous), and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 2, both secondary cutaneous). Cutaneous lymphoma in children should be differentiated from benign skin disorders that may simulate them. In particular, mycosis fungoides and LYP in this age group may present with clinicopathologic features reminiscent of inflammatory disorders such as pityriasis alba, vitiligo, pityriasis rosea, and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. Even in secondary cutaneous lymphomas, skin manifestations may be the first sign of the systemic disease, and a diagnosis may be achieved on examination of histopathologic specimens of a cutaneous lesion. Our study illustrates the wide spectrum of cutaneous lymphomas and leukemias in patients less than 20 years of age and underlines the need for proper interpretation of these lesions by dermatologists and dermatopathologists.
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PMID:The spectrum of cutaneous lymphomas in patients less than 20 years of age. 1546 55

Primary gastric Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rarely encountered lesion. Most cases are observed in the course of systemic disease. Other cases have been reclassified in retrospective studies as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, after the employment of immunohistochemistry. Some Hodgkin's lymphomas may masquerade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and vice versa. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is important, as treatment and outcome differ significantly for these entities. We report a case of primary Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in the stomach of a 46-year-old male, and discuss the diagnostic approach as well as the differentials of Hodgkin's disease in this anatomic site.
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PMID:Primary gastric Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature. 1562 94

The role of autologous or allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) remains undefined in patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement by lymphoma. The records of all adult and pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving BMT at Johns Hopkins from 1980 to 2003 were reviewed, and 37 patients were identified who had CNS involvement that was treated into remission by the time of BMT. The chief histologies were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia. Twenty-four percent received intrathecal chemotherapy alone, and 70% received intrathecal chemotherapy and CNS irradiation before BMT. The main preparative regimens were cyclophosphamide/total body irradiation and busulfan/cyclophosphamide. Forty-one percent received an allogeneic transplant. Lymphoma relapsed after BMT in 14 patients (38%), and at least 5 had documented or suspected CNS relapse. In multivariate models, age > or =18 years at diagnosis, resistant systemic disease, busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning, and lack of intrathecal consolidation after BMT were statistically significant predictors of inferior survival. The 5-year actuarial event-free survival was 36%, and overall survival was 39%. After BMT, long-term survival is thus achievable in a subset of patients with a history of treated CNS involvement by non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The survival rates are not dissimilar to those typically seen in other high-risk lymphoma patients undergoing BMT. These data suggest that patients with lymphomatous involvement of the CNS who achieve CNS remission should be offered BMT if it is otherwise indicated.
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PMID:High-dose therapy and blood or marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin lymphoma with central nervous system involvement. 1568 69

Hodgkin's disease (HD) has greatly benefited from new technologies in terms of less invasive and more accurate staging as well as improved overall and relapse-free survival. However, the likelihood of late adverse effects of treatment, including second tumors, has increased due to the longer survival of patients with HD. Today's trend is to aim at minimal therapeutic exposure while guaranteeing lower therapy-related morbidity. This encourages new research efforts but also leads to less uniformity in treatments, as observed in the Veneto Region in Italy. The Gruppo Veneto Linfomi, composed of representatives of Radiotherapy and Oncology Departments of the Veneto Region, has been analyzing this problem and proposing therapy guidelines since 1995. A set of 10 prognostic factors has been developed to identify three prognostic groups: highly favorable (HF) are patients up to 40 years of age presenting with stage I disease involving only one site of disease with a maximum tumor diameter (TD) of 5 cm and no adverse factors. In this group only mantle field irradiation is recommended if the disease is located in the neck or above, inverted-Y irradiation is recommended for distal subdiaphragmatic lesions, and subtotal nodal irradiation in all other cases. HF cases may also be treated like favorable cases with limited chemoradiation. Favorable (F) cases are patients in stage I with a TD greater than 5 cm and smaller than 10 cm or stage II, up to three sites of disease and negative prognostic factors for systemic disease. All other patients are included in the "not favorable" (NF) group at Ann Arbor stage I or II with any adverse prognostic factor. For the latter two groups, chemotherapy with the ABVD or Stanford V regimen precedes involved-field radiotherapy to sites with a TD of at least 5 cm. The total irradiation dose is determined by local disease extent and level of response to chemotherapy. Images on which the radiation fields are drawn serve as an important reference to improve the homogeneity of treatments. This protocol includes a list of adverse treatment effects (chemo- and/or radiotherapy) together with follow-up guidelines for the early detection of secondary cancers in previously irradiated patients.
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PMID:A consensus protocol: Image-improved therapeutic guidelines for limited adult Hodgkin's disease. 1576 71

The most common low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are follicular lymphomas, and extranodal marginal zone lymphomas, also known as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. Localized presentations of follicular lymphoma occur in 20-30% of cases, while for MALT lymphomas, stage I-II disease presentations occur in 70-90%. These are radiation-sensitive lymphomas. Following moderate dose local radiation treatment (30-35 Gy) for these stage I and II low grade lymphomas, the clinical results indicate long-term local control and possible cure. While local control is achieved with minimal morbidity with involved-field radiation therapy, a significant proportion of patients relapse with systemic disease outside of radiation fields. For follicular lymphoma, this occurs in approximately 50% of patients after 15 years, and for non-gastric MALT lymphoma, 30-40% after 10 years. Although patients with relapsed systemic disease are not curable with chemotherapy, the disease often behaves in an indolent fashion and prolonged survival is observed. For gastric MALT lymphomas, radiation therapy is indicated in patients whose lymphoma did not respond to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, or in gastric lymphoma not related to this microorganism. The subject of causative agents responsible for non-gastric MALT lymphomas is under active study and the identification of putative microorganisms will lead to improved treatment strategies for these unusual lymphomas, similar to the success in gastric lymphomas over the last decade.
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PMID:Radiation therapy for localized low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 1615 58

Primary spinal Hodgkin lymphoma without classic nodal lesions or advanced systemic disease is uncommon. As a result of its rarity and nonspecific symptomatology, it may be inadequately evaluated at initial presentation and frequently mistaken for other pathologic processes. The authors present a case of Hodgkin disease with multiple vertebral lesions demonstrated by PET/CT and MR.
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PMID:Multicentric primary spinal Hodgkin's lymphoma: PET/CT and MR imaging. 1616 51

The occurrence of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the testes is described in just a few studies in the urological literature. The clinical symptomatology and especially the treatment concept for this relatively rare tumor entity are hardly discussed. Imaging diagnostics, e.g., with CT or MRI, play a decisive role in determining the diagnosis and whether a primary testicular disease is involved or a generalized systemic disease. In cases of primary B-cell lymphomas of the testes, a high inguinal orchiectomy should be performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The standard chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is the CHOP regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. This article presents two adults aged 67 and 75 years with histologically proven B-cell lymphoma of the testes and discusses the characteristics of this relatively rare clinical picture as well as treatment and prognosis.
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PMID:[B-cell lymphoma of the testes]. 1678 84


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