Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report brings the latest statistics available in the Cancer Register of Navarra on the incidence of cancer in this autonomous community in the year 1998. 3,018 incident cases of cancer were registered, 57.5% in men. Excluding nonmelanoma skin tumours, the crude incidence rate was 518 and 358 per 100,000 in men and women, and the rates adjusted to the world population were 296 and 199 per 100,000 respectively. 55.4% of all the cases of cancer diagnosed in men during 1998 occurred in the following sites: prostate, lung, colorectal, and bladder. In women breast, colorectal, body of uterus and stomach sites made up 53.6% of the cases. With respect to the five year period 1993-97, for the first time the adjusted incidence rate for all sites combined showed a decline of 1.1% amongst men, while amongst women the rising tendency was upheld. Notable were the decline of tumours related to smoking amongst men and of stomach cancer in both sexes. The data for women seem to indicate that some sites which traditionally showed extremely low rates in Navarra, tumours related to smoking and the cervix, have begun to increase in recent years, probably in relation to changes of life style. In both sexes there was an increase of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and, continuing the tendency begun in previous years, the rate of incidence of breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men continued to increase. The decline in the incidence of some cancers, particularly for the sites related to smoking observed amongst men in Navarra, is a hopeful fact, which will need confirmation in coming years.
 ...
PMID:[Incidence of cancer in Navarra in the year 1998]. 1286 Dec 89

The development of effective cancer vaccines depends heavily on the ability to deliver target antigens to generate an immune response. Dendritic cells are the most potent antigen-processing cells, capable of sensitizing T cells to new and recall antigens. Dendritic cells express high levels of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens, which are crucial to cancer immunotherapy, as well as a variety of important immunomodulatory proteins, adhesins, and a potent cytokine. Dendritic cells must undergo activation to induce an immune response, and this can be achieved through the use of certain carrier proteins, adjuvants, cytokines, or genetically engineered viruses. Dendritic cells are scattered throughout many tissues of the body, as well as bone marrow and peripheral blood. Most studies have used dendritic cells from peripheral blood; however, these cells are not prevalent in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, has been found to induce the maturation and enhance the viability of dendritic cells isolated from peripheral blood. Numerous clinical trials of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells have been conducted in various types of cancer, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. These studies show that antigen-loaded dendritic cell vaccinations are safe and promising in the treatment of cancer. This review discusses the use of dendritic cells in immunotherapy and some of the clinical trials that have been conducted.
 ...
PMID:Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy. 1288 9

Positron emission tomography (PET) is routinely used in the management of cancers such as lung, colorectal, esophageal, breast, lymphoma, and melanoma. In urologic oncology, the role of PET has been less well defined and is currently under investigation. We report the first case of PET scan detection of prostate cancer in a patient with Hodgkins lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:Case report: PET scan detects prostate cancer in a patient with Hodgkins lymphoma. 1295 49

Relatively few studies have examined glioma risk in relation to history of cancer in first-degree relatives. We sought to describe such risks in a large hospital-based case-control study. Histologically confirmed incident adult glioma cases (n = 489) were identified at three regional referral hospitals between June 1994 and August 1998. Controls (n = 799) admitted to the same hospitals for nonmalignant conditions were frequency-matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, hospital, and proximity of residence to hospital. Participants received a personal interview, including questions regarding cancer in family members. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to estimate the risk of glioma associated with a history of cancer in a first-degree relative using conditional logistic regression and compared with standardized incidence ratios among relatives of cases versus relatives of controls. Among participants reporting a family history of a brain cancer or a brain tumor, risk of glioma was 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5-5.3; n = 5] and 3.0 (95% CI, 0.9-10.8; n = 7), respectively, in comparison with those without such family histories. Participants who had a family history of stomach (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-4.6), colon (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9-2.2), or prostate cancer (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8) or Hodgkin disease (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.9-6.3) had an increased glioma risk. OR estimates were similar to the ratios of standardized incidence ratios for cancer in relatives of cases versus controls. Shared environmental or genetic factors in families may influence glioma risk. Our findings suggest that individuals with a family history of specific cancers other than glioma may have an increased glioma risk.
 ...
PMID:Cancer in first-degree relatives and risk of glioma in adults. 1469 35

Effective adoptive cancer immunotherapy depends on an ability to generate tumor-antigen-presenting cells and tumor-reactive effector lymphocytes and to deliver these effector cells to the tumor. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, capable of sensitizing T cells to new and recall antigens. Many studies have shown that tumors express unique proteins that can be loaded on DCs to trigger an immune response. The current experimental and clinical statuses of adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-pulsed DCs and vaccine-primed activated T cells are summarized herein. Clinical trials of antigen-pulsed DCs have been conducted in patients with various types of cancer, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. These studies have shown that antigen-loaded DC vaccination is safe and promising for the treatment of cancer. In addition, tumor vaccine-primed T cells have been shown to induce antitumor activity in vivo. Several clinical studies are being conducted on the use of vaccine-primed T cells such as tumor-drainage lymph node. It is reasonable to consider using both tumor antigen-pulsed DCs and vaccine-primed lymphocytes as adjuvants. We are now investigating the use of autologous whole tumor antigen-pulsed DCs and the DC vaccine-primed activated lymphocytes in patients with multiple metastasis of solid tumors.
 ...
PMID:Dendritic cell-based combined immunotherapy with autologous tumor-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine and activated T cells for cancer patients: rationale, current progress, and perspectives. 1514 37

Since ancient times, plants and herbal preparations have been used as medicine. Research carried out in last few decades has certified several such claims of use of several plants of traditional medicine. Popularity of Momordica charantia (MC) in various systems of traditional medicine for several ailments (antidiabetic, abortifacient, anthelmintic, contraceptive, dysmenorrhea, eczema, emmenagogue, antimalarial, galactagogue, gout, jaundice, abdominal pain, kidney (stone), laxative, leprosy, leucorrhea, piles, pneumonia, psoriasis, purgative, rheumatism, fever and scabies) focused the investigator's attention on this plant. Over 100 studies using modern techniques have authenticated its use in diabetes and its complications (nephropathy, cataract, insulin resistance), as antibacterial as well as antiviral agent (including HIV infection), as anthelmintic and abortifacient. Traditionally it has also been used in treating peptic ulcers, interestingly in a recent experimental studies have exhibited its potential against Helicobacter pylori. Most importantly, the studies have shown its efficacy in various cancers (lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, skin tumor, prostatic cancer, squamous carcinoma of tongue and larynx, human bladder carcinomas and Hodgkin's disease). There are few reports available on clinical use of MC in diabetes and cancer patients that have shown promising results.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: a review. 1518 17

It has been hypothesized that the AR (androgen receptor) gene binds the two PSA (prostate-specific antigen) alleles with differing affinities and may differentially influence prostate cancer risk. In this article, we report a case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in a 56-year-old man with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as the AR and PSA genotype. AR and PSA gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-based methods using DNA from peripheral white blood cells and the prostate cancer. We determined the methylation status of the AR gene on the X chromosome. The patient presents with the AG genotype for the ARE-1 (androgen response element) region of the PSA gene. We detect the presence of two short AR alleles with 19 and 11 CAG repeats each. Unmethylated alleles were demonstrated for both. The shorter allele was inactive in more than 60% of total DNA in both control blood and prostate cancer cells. The presence of short AR alleles and the G allele of the PSA gene may contribute to the development of prostate cancer in a 47,XXY patient.
 ...
PMID:Genotyping of AR and PSA polymorphisms in a patient with Klinefelter syndrome, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 1535 Mar 7

Trofosfamide is an alkylating agent that is derived from the oxazaphoshorines. It has found application in a broad spectrum of malignancies in the last three decades. The main indications for application were in the palliative situation and as maintenance therapy. Good results were reported from the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and soft tissue sarcomas. A lot of small studies and casuistic contributions are available giving treatment results of several solid carcinomas (malignant gliomas, ovarian, lung and prostate cancer, and others). Due to its oral formulation and good tolerability trofosfamide is an attractive candidate for the palliative situation because treatment on an outpatient basis is possible. However, there is still a lack of randomized clinical studies with trofosfamide. Thus, evidence-based conclusions on the therapeutic value of the drug cannot be drawn. In the future, phase III trials should be undertaken.
 ...
PMID:Trofosfamide in the palliative treatment of cancer: a review of the literature. 1559 19

Between 1998 and 2000 an annual average of 3,303 cases of invasive cancer were registered in Navarre, 58% of them in men. If we except non melanoma skin tumours, the annual number of cases was 2,495, with gross incidence rates of 559 and 372 per 100,000 in men and women, and rates adjusted to the world population of 312 and 203 per 100,000 respectively. Amongst men, the four most frequently diagnosed tumoural localisations were the prostate, lung, colorectal and bladder, accounting for 57% of all cases. The most notable due to their frequency amongst women were tumours of the breast, colorectal, uterus body and ovary, accounting for 54% of all cases. With respect to the five year period from 1993 to 1997, the global incidence of cancer in the three year period from 1998 to 2000 has increased 4.2% in men and 7.4% in women. The incidence of lung cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in both sexes and of breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men are notable. There continues to be a fall in the incidence rates of stomach cancer in both sexes, following the tendency begun in the 1970s.
 ...
PMID:[Incidence of cancer in Navarre]. 1564 89

We comprehensively reviewed the published scientific literature on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cancer and evaluated results based upon epidemiologic criteria of judgment: consistency of results, strength of association, dose response, molecular specificity, and biological plausibility. Sufficient data from 91 epidemiologic studies were available to examine the dose response of relative risk and level of NSAID intake for ten human malignancies. Dose response curves were fitted by exponential regression. Results showed a significant exponential decline in the risk with increasing intake of NSAIDs (primarily aspirin or ibuprofen) for 7-10 malignancies including the four major types: colon, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. Daily intake of NSAIDs, primarily aspirin, produced risk reductions of 63% for colon, 39% for breast, 36% for lung, and 39% for prostate cancer. Significant risk reductions were also observed for esophageal (73%), stomach (62%), and ovarian cancer (47%). NSAID effects became apparent after five or more years of use and were stronger with longer duration. Observed protective effects were also consistently stronger for gastrointestinal malignancies (esophagus, stomach, and colon). Results for pancreatic, urinary bladder, and renal cancer were inconsistent. Initial epidemiologic studies of malignant melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, and adult leukemia also found that NSAIDs are protective. A few studies suggest that ibuprofen has stronger anticancer effects than aspirin, particularly against breast and lung cancer. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and increased prostaglandin biosynthesis correlates with carcinogenesis and metastasis at most anatomic sites. Preclinical investigations provide consistent evidence that both selective and non-selective NSAIDs effectively inhibit chemically-induced carcinogenesis of epithelial tumors. This review provides compelling and converging evidence that regular intake of NSAIDs that non-selectively block COX-2 protects against the development of many types of cancer.
 ...
PMID:Aspirin, ibuprofen, and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer prevention: a critical review of non-selective COX-2 blockade (review). 1600 77


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>