Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A nationwide, computer-based survey of all total joint arthroplasties performed in Finland has been carried out since January 1980. From these records, a cohort of 9,444 patients, with 51,756 person-years, after primary operation with a total polyethylene-on-metal knee arthroplasty (TKA) was followed up for cancer through the Finnish Cancer Register up to December 31, 1996. During the follow-up, 706 cancers were observed. The expected number, based on national rates, was 719; therefore, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 0.98. The SIRs for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1.40), Hodgkin's disease (1.24) and multiple myeloma (1.54) were increased, but only that of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was statistically significant 3-10 years after the operation. The numbers of observed cases of prostate cancer exceeded that of expected, with a SIR value of 1.49. A low SIR of lung cancer was observed among men, especially during the first 3 years (0.61), but not in women. The SIR for colon cancer was below unity in women only (SIR 0.70). The SIR for cancer of the urinary organs was close to unity (0.97). SIR relating to soft tissue and bone cancer did not differ significantly from unity, and none of the 6 sarcomas was observed at the site of a prosthesis. The overall cancer risk after TKA done for primary osteoarthrosis seems not to be increased. The increases in lymphoma and prostate cancer risk, however, are observations that could be related to TKA and justify further follow-up of the cohort.
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PMID:Cancer incidence after total knee arthroplasty: a nationwide Finnish cohort from 1980 to 1996 involving 9,444 patients. 1066 28

Improving the quality and accessibility of radiation care in the United States has been the primary objective of the Patterns of Care Study (PCS) since its inception. While patient care has two components, technical and interpersonal, the PCS has only studied the quality of technical care. Such assessments of technical quality of radiation oncology, which are representative of the United States as a whole, virtually do not exist outside those of the PCS. The methodology used by the PCS to assess quality in radiation oncology is based on an examination of structure, process, and outcome. Structural elements identified by the PCS to be associated with inferior quality include the use of a Cobalt 60 unit with surface-to-skin distance (SSD) </=80 cm, definitive treatment without the use of a simulator, and facilities with a part-time radiation oncology practitioner (usually a general radiologist) as chief. Process and outcome surveys conducted by the PCS have resulted in major findings related to quality of acre in prostate cancer, cervical cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and seminoma, which findings are reviewed elsewhere in this issue. The results of the PCS process and outcome findings related to quality of care for larynx, tonsil, anterior two thirds of the tongue and the floor to mouth, breast, endometrium, rectum, and palliation of bone and brain metastases and locally advanced lung cancer are reviewed here. The PCS has provided useful information on quality that has aided in standards development and in radiation oncology practice accreditation. Currently, the PCS is examining the patterns of care of minorities and the penetration of the results of clinical trials into national practice and is collaborating with the American College of Surgeons in studying the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. It is crucial that the PCS, rather than the government or health maintenance organizations (HMOs), be a leader in the evaluation of quality as the PCS represents a well-organized, experienced effort to provide professional guidelines for radiation oncology based on well-established methodology and unencumbered by political or shareholder concerns.
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PMID:Quality Assessment in the USA: How the Patterns of Care Study Has Made a Difference. 1071 9

The breast is a complex anatomical structure where achieving a homogeneous dose distribution with radiation treatment is difficult. Despite obvious similarities in the approach to such treatment (using tangents) there is variation in the process of simulation, planning and treatment between radiation oncologists. Previous Australasian studies in the treatment of lung cancer, prostate cancer and Hodgkin's disease highlighted considerable variation in many areas of treatment. As part of a multicentre breast phantom study involving 10 radiation oncology departments throughout New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), a 22-question survey was distributed. The aim of the survey was to assess the extent of variation in the approach to the simulation, planning and treatment of early breast cancer using tangents. Responses from 10 different radiation oncology departments revealed variation in most areas of the survey. There is no reason to assume similar variations do not occur Australasia wide. Studies involving overseas radiation oncologists also reveal a wide variation in treating early breast cancer. The consequences of such variations remain unclear.
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PMID:Variations in breast tangent radiotherapy: a survey of practice in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. 1090 29

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), first described as specific inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, have recently been shown to exert growth factor activities. It was previously demonstrated that TIMP-1 inhibits apoptosis in germinal center B cells and induces further differentiation. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is reported as a vital factor for the differentiation and survival of germinal center B cells and is also a negative prognostic factor in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, the mechanism of IL-10 activity in B cells and the regulation of its expression are not well understood. IL-10 has been shown to up-regulate TIMP-1 in tissue macrophages, monocytes, and prostate cancer cell lines, but IL-10 modulation of TIMP-1 in B cells and the effect of TIMP-1 on IL-10 expression has not been previously studied. It was found that TIMP-1 expression regulates IL-10 levels in B cells and that TIMP-1 mediates specific B-cell differentiation steps. TIMP-1 inhibition of apoptosis is not IL-10 dependent. TIMP-1 expression in B-cell NHL correlates closely with IL-10 expression and with high histologic grade. Thus, TIMP-1 regulates IL-10 expression in B-cell NHL and, through the inhibition of apoptosis, appears responsible for the negative prognosis associated with IL-10 expression in these tumors.
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PMID:Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 regulation of interleukin-10 in B-cell differentiation and lymphomagenesis. 1123 22

Arsenic trioxide inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis in many different cancer cell lines. The National Cancer Institute is working cooperatively with research centers across the U.S. to evaluate its clinical activity in hematologic malignancies, such as acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma. It is also supporting research in solid tumors, such as advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer and renal cell cancer and in cervical cancer and refractory transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The safety and pharmacokinetics of arsenic trioxide are also being evaluated in pediatric patients with refractory leukemia and lymphoma. The results of these ongoing studies should provide important insights into the clinical utility of arsenic trioxide in these diseases.
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PMID:Clinical trials of arsenic trioxide in hematologic and solid tumors: overview of the National Cancer Institute Cooperative Research and Development Studies. 1133 37

A case report of a dramatic therapeutic response of Hodgkin's disease (HD) to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in a man who was being treated for concurrent prostate cancer suggested that there also may be a role for sex steroids in the pathogenesis of HD (1). High levels of estrogen receptors (ER) comparable to those seen in breast carcinoma cells were detected in that patient's Hodgkin's biopsy specimen. In order to determine whether this patient was unique or whether sex steroid receptors commonly are present in HD specimens, we examined expression of ER and progesterone receptors (PR) in diagnostic tissue from pediatric (n = 14) and adult (n = 41) patients with HD using immunohistochemistry. None of the 55 samples expressed PR. 16/55 (29%) demonstrated weak nuclear ER positivity, which was confined to germinal center and occasional mantle zone lymphocytes and was comparable to that seen in non-malignant control lymph nodes. (4/5)5 (7.3%) samples exhibited moderate positivity in Reed Sternberg cells, which in one case was nuclear. ER commonly are expressed weakly in some HD tumors unrelated to clinical stage or patient sex but are generally limited to germinal center and mantle zone lymphocytes. A rare patient displays moderate cytoplasmic or nuclear ER in Reed-Sternberg cells.
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PMID:Sex steroid receptors in Hodgkin's disease. 1134 17

Bispecific antibodies are currently being used in clinical trials in increasing numbers in the areas of breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have previously performed two clinical trials in patients with Hodgkin's disease with an anti-CD30/anti-CD16 bispecific antibody and demonstrated a 30% response rate in a cohort of patients otherwise resistant to standard therapeutic modalities. However, no surrogate marker could be defined in these trials indicative of optimal antibody dosing/scheduling or predictive for favorable response. In order to evaluate accurately the potential biodistribution properties of bispecific antibody in patients, we have performed a detailed analysis of the binding properties and animal model in vivo characteristics of these constructs. For this purpose, the parental antibodies (anti-CD30 and anti-CD16) and the bispecific antibody (anti-CD30/anti-CD16) were radiolabeled with either 125I or 111In. Antibody integrity and binding properties after labeling were confirmed by Scatchard plot and Lindmo analysis. 111In-labeled antibodies revealed superior targeting properties in a standard SCID mouse tumor model. Both the bivalent parental anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody and the monovalent anti-CD30/anti-CD16 bispecific antibody showed excellent uptake in CD30+ tumors which did not differ significantly between the two (maximum uptake 16.5%+/-4.2% vs. 18.4%+/-3.8% injected dose/gram tissue). The equivalent targeting properties of the bispecific antibody compared with the parental anti-CD30 antibody encourages the further clinical development of this bispecific antibody, and might help to explain the clinical responses seen with this antibody so far in patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Targeting properties of an anti-CD16/anti-CD30 bispecific antibody in an in vivo system. 1140 Oct 24

Shortly before his death in 1995, Kenneth B. Schwartz, a cancer patient at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), founded the Kenneth B. Schwartz Center. The Schwartz Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting and advancing compassionate health care delivery, which provides hope to the patient, support to caregivers, and sustenance to the healing process. The center sponsors the Schwartz Center Rounds, a monthly multidisciplinary forum where caregivers reflect on important psychosocial issues faced by patients, their families, and their caregivers, and gain insight and support from fellow staff members. Nebulous language, distrust, and dogma confound spiritual aspects of cancer care. However, existential well being is an important determinant of quality of life: finding meaning and purpose make suffering more tolerable. The case presented is of a patient who experienced "losing God" as a Hodgkin's disease survivor with metastatic prostate cancer and severe coronary artery disease. His caregivers were able to provide the sense of community in which he could re-establish his faith. Health care providers do not have to be religious in order to help patients to deal with a spiritual crisis. The clinical skills of compassion need to be deployed to diagnose and respond to spiritual suffering. Acknowledging and addressing anger or guilt, common sources of suffering, are essential to adjustment. Simply being there for the patient and being open to their hurt can help resolve their spiritual crisis, a responsibility that is shared by the whole health care team.
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PMID:Losing God. 1142 76

The objective of this study was to identify all malignancies in an inception cohort of SLE patients in southern Sweden and compare with the observed frequencies and spectrum of malignancies in the general population. All adult incidence cases of SLE in a defined population during the period 1981-1996 were retrieved from a prospective database and the cases were followed to endpoint or through 1998. The SLE cohort registry was aggregated with the National Cancer Registry to identify all malignancies by date, type and outcome. Standardized morbidity rates (SMR) were calculated based on the sex- and age-matched general population of the region. Sixteen malignancies occurred in 13 patients out of a total of 116 SLE patients observed for 1086 patient-years. The SMR for all cancers detected was 2.24 (confidence interval 0.6-5.7) for males and 1.02 (confidence interval 0.4-2.1) for females and thus indicative of no general increase in malignancies. However, the SMR for non-Hodgkin lymphoma was 11.63 (confidence interval 1.4-42.0), for pulmonary cancer 5.55 (confidence interval 0.7-20.1) and prostatic cancer 6.41 (confidence interval 1.3-18.7) all significantly increased. The increase in prostatic carcinoma disappeared when only cases occurring after a latency period of 3y after SLE diagnosis were included. In this comprehensive inception cohort of SLE no increase in relative risk of malignancy overall was found, but the frequencies of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and pulmonary cancer were increased, possibly also the frequency of prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Malignancies during follow-up in an epidemiologically defined systemic lupus erythematosus inception cohort in southern Sweden. 1148 Aug 49

There were a total of 9788 newly-diagnosed cancers in Connecticut residents in 1969, an increase of 475 (5.1%) over 1968. 4620 were in males and 5168 in females. Tumors of the digestive organs were the most frequent, 2680 cases (27.4%). There were 1895 tumors of the genital organs (19.4%), 1421 of the breast (14.5%), and 1285 of the respiratory system (13.1%). The age-adjusted incidence rates for all tumors were 297.3 per 100,000 for males, an increase of 1% over 1968, and 295.1 for females, an increase of 5.4%. Among females the increased numbers of tumors were mostly breast, digestive organs, and lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. For males cancer of the respiratory system showed the most increase. Female respiratory cancer declined slightly. Breast cancers in females increased 13.9%, the largest yearly increase ever recorded in Connecticut. The older age group (75-79 years) showed the most marked increase, from 311 to 403.1 per 100,000. Of the breast cancers 50.4% were localized, 37.2% had regional spread, and 7.8% remote metastases. In the others the stage was not recorded. Earlier diagnoses are obviously needed. In males cancer of the respiratory system increased from 63.7 per 100,000 in 1968 to 67.3 in 1969. Men over age 85 showed an increase of 156%. The rates in males for tongue and prostate cancer decreased. For children leukemia was the most frequent cancer, for girls 15-19 and boys 19-24 Hodgkin's disease was more frequent. In women aged 20-39 cancer of the cervix was most often diagnosed; after age 40, cancer of the breast; after age, 80, tumors of the large intestine. In men aged 25-34 cancer of the testes predominated; from 40-74, cancers of the lung and bronchus; and over 75, cancer of the prostate. During 1969 there were a total of 5073 cancer deaths, exclusive of nonmelanotic skin and myelofibrosis, 2759 males and 2314 females. 301.% of the deaths among males were digestive organ cancers, 27.8% were respiratory organ disease. Among females 29.4% of deaths were tumors of the digestive organs and 23.7% were breast cancers. Age-adjusted mortality rates were 176.6 per 100,000 for males and 122.4 for females, a slight decrease from 1968.
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PMID:Cancer in Connecticut, 1969. 1233 71


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