Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mortality of all 14,327 people who were known to have been employed at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels at any time between the opening of the site in 1947 and 31 December 1975 was studied up to the end of 1983. The vital state of 96% of the workers was traced satisfactorily and 2277 were found to have died, 572 (25%) from cancer. On average the workers suffered a mortality from all causes that was 2% less than that of the general population of England and Wales and 9% less than that of the population of Cumberland (the area in which the plant is sited). Their mortality from cancers of all kinds was 5% less than that of England and Wales and 3% less than that of Cumberland. In the five years after their first employment Sellafield workers had an overall mortality that was 70% of that of England and Wales, probably due to healthier members of the population being selected for employment. Raised death rates from cancers of several specific sites were found, but only for those of ill defined and secondary sites was the excess statistically significant (30 observed, 19.7 expected). For cancers of the liver and gall bladder there was a significant deficit of deaths (four observed, 10.5 expected). Workers in areas of the plant where radiation exposure was likely were issued with dosimeters to measure their external exposure to ionising radiations. Personal dose records were maintained for workers who entered such areas other than infrequently. Workers with personal dose records ("radiation" workers) had lower death rates from all causes combined than other workers but the death rates from cancer in the two groups were similar. Compared with the general population radiation workers had statistically significant deficits of liver and gall bladder cancer, lung cancer, and Hodgkin's disease. There were excesses of deaths from myeloma (seven observed, 4.2 expected) and prostatic cancer (19 observed, 15.8 expected) but these were not significant and there was no evidence of an excess of leukaemia (10 deaths observed, 12.2 expected) or cancer of the pancreas (15 observed, 17.8 expected). Non-radiation workers had a significant deficit of leukaemia (one death observed, 5.1 expected) and a significant excess of cancers of ill defined and secondary sites (13 deaths observed, 5.8 expected). For no type of cancer was the ratio of observed to expected deaths significantly different between radiation and non-radiation workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Mortality of workers at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels. 309 83

Sweden has had cancer and population registers since 1958, indicating an increasing total age-adjusted cancer incidence. The incidence of liver, prostate and urinary tract cancer, as well as of melanoma and lymphoma, is increasing, whereas that of stomach cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma is decreasing. National public recommendations by the nutrition and exercise committee of the National Board of Health and Welfare to reduce fat, salt, energy and sugar intake and to increase fiber intake and exercise have existed for 20 yr. The purpose was initially to prevent cardiovascular diseases, later also to prevent breast and prostatic cancer. Since the 1970s, Swedish women have been offered systematic gynecological health checks, resulting in a reduced incidence and mortality of cervix carcinoma. Local Swedish studies suggest that systematic mammography, which is now recommended on a national basis, can reduce breast cancer mortality by 30%. It is estimated that between 300 and 1100 cases of bronchopulmonary carcinoma are partly caused by a dwelling environment with over 400 Bq radon m-3. General rebuilding of the 40,000 houses concerned is at present being considered.
 ...
PMID:Cancer risks and cancer prevention in Sweden. 332 89

Five-year relative case-survival rates for all cancers collectively are similar in South Australia (49%) and the United States (50%). This suggests that outcomes of cancer treatment do not vary appreciably between the two populations. There is an indication of higher survival rates in South Australia for melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma and gastric cancer, but lower survival rates for cancers of the thyroid, corpus uteri, prostate, colon, kidney and lung. The differences in point estimates of the rates were most conspicuous for Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma and prostatic cancer. The reasons for a cautious interpretation of these findings are discussed and some possible explanations are suggested. South Australian data point to an upward trend in survival rates between the diagnostic periods 1977-1980 and 1981-1985 for patients with Hodgkin's disease, diffuse large-cell lymphomas, melanomas and cancers of the prostate and rectum.
 ...
PMID:Cancer case-survival rates for South Australia: a comparison with US rates and a preliminary investigation of time trends. 337 24

Mitoxantrone is an anthraquinone antineoplastic agent with structural similarities to doxorubicin. It has a mechanism of action similar to the anthracyclines. Its primary elimination route is hepatic metabolism (only seven percent renal excretion) and it has a terminal half-life of approximately 40 hours. Mitoxantrone has significant activity in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, acute leukemias, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Some activity is reported in head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's, myeloma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and liver cancer. There is a suggestion of incomplete cross-resistance between mitoxantrone and the anthracyclines in certain neoplasms. Some activity is reported with mitoxantrone in patients refractory to the anthracyclines in breast cancer, acute leukemias, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The usual doses used in solid tumors and in lymphomas are mitoxantrone 12-14 mg/m2 iv q3-4wk and in leukemias is mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2/d X 5 d iv for initial induction.
 ...
PMID:Mitoxantrone. 351 24

We examined variations in cancer survival rates among a large number of hospitals in the United States. Survival rates for breast cancer, prostate cancer, and Hodgkin's disease were calculated from patient care studies of the American College of Surgeons and were linked to data on hospital characteristics from the surveys of the American Hospital Association. When patient, disease, treatment, and institutional characteristics were examined in multivariate analyses, medical school affiliation, residency training, and community size were not related to hospitals' cancer survival experience. Patterns of care involving greater use of staging laparotomy with splenectomy for Hodgkin's diseases, lesser use of mastectomy without axillary dissection for breast cancer and, greater use of bone scanning and lesser use of hormone therapy for prostate cancer all were associated with better survival. The differences between hospitals' survival rates were large but we found that the differences were more a function of patient characteristics, disease stage, and tumor histology than of hospital affiliations, location, size, facilities, or treatment patterns. These findings provide some data upon which future public health interventions to affect cancer mortality may be planned and evaluated.
 ...
PMID:Interhospital differences in cancer survival. 381 69

The Patterns of Care Study data are used to correlate therapy equipment and practice characteristics with outcome, using Hodgkin's disease, prostate cancer, and cervix cancer as examples. The shift to linear accelerators and higher photon energy is supported, as is the increased use of treatment simulators. Part-time practitioners of radiation therapy and facilities whose only equipment is a less-than-80-cm cobalt unit have poor technical support and exhibit poor staging, poor achievement of minimum tumor dose, and poor patient follow-up as compared to the national average or best-performing strata of practice. These facilities should either upgrade their equipment, technical support, and level of practice or close.
 ...
PMID:The need for complex technology in radiation oncology. Correlations of facility characteristics and structure with outcome. 391 28

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 19,000 persons with initial cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. Significant excesses for all second cancers were observed among patients with leukemia (34%), Hodgkin's disease (70%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25%), and multiple myeloma (24%). In general, the risk of second cancers was greater in males than in females, even for cohorts not showing an excess of surveillance-related prostate cancer. Among patients with leukemia, significant excesses of cancers of the lung, kidney/ureter, and prostate were noted; cutaneous melanoma was elevated only in males. These excesses did not persist in the small number of long-term survivors. Possible etiologic factors included tobacco smoking for lung and kidney cancers, medical surveillance artifact for prostate cancer, and immunosuppression for malignant melanoma and lung cancer. The large number and good prognoses of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia strongly influenced the pattern of second cancers when all leukemias were analyzed together; no evidence was found for an increased risk of second cancer in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A disproportionate number of subsequent cancers, particularly those of the kidney and ureter, were diagnosed incidentally at autopsy. Patients with Hodgkin's disease displayed significant excesses of cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, lung, female breast, and thyroid. The latter 3 sites remained significantly elevated in long-term survivors (10 yr or more postdiagnosis), so that radiation therapy may have contributed to their development. Among persons with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancers of the stomach, lung, brain, and connective tissue occurred excessively. The first 3 sites, plus cancers of the urinary bladder, remained elevated among long-term survivors. The brain cancer excess, not previously reported, may represent misclassification of central nervous system lymphoma. The risk of gastric cancer is reminiscent of similar findings in patients with both acquired and genetically determined immunodeficiency disorders. The alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, used extensively in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is known to cause bladder cancer in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Second cancer following lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 98

A variety of in vitro and in vivo inquiries suggests that retinoids of various sorts may reduce the risk of cancer at various sites. Epidemiologic studies done by a number of different investigators similarly show a reduction in risk with increases in ingestion of vitamin A-containing diets. These reductions in risk are primarily of the squamous cell types of cancer: lung, larynx, mouth, cervix, and bladder cancers. Retinoids, particularly beta-carotene, may have a risk-reducing function for such sites. However, evidence has also been found that retinoids under certain conditions may increase the risk of prostate cancer as well as of Hodgkin's disease and leukemia. It is not an impossibility that, although beta-carotene could reduce risk under most circumstances, under certain other circumstances it could increase risk for different cancers. Obviously, more research is necessary, particularly with the carotenoids.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of retinoids and cancer. 659 50

The postabsorptive urinary total (T), dialyzable (D), and nondialyzable (ND) hydroxyproline (HYPRO) tests were evaluated to determine whether the patterns of excretion varied according to the predominance of osteoblastic v osteolytic bone involvement in 58 patients with neoplastic disease. In patients with osteolytic lesions from multiple myeloma, elevated T and D levels with normal ND HYPRO values were observed, along with elevated D/ND ratios. In prostate cancer, the T, D, and ND values were all elevated and the D/ND ratio was normal. Patients with Hodgkin's disease had elevated T, D, and ND HYPRO levels, and the D/ND ratio was in the range of patients with prostate cancer. The data suggest that these collagen markers may be useful in the long-term evaluation of these neoplasms in patients.
 ...
PMID:Total, dialyzable, and nondialyzable postabsorptive hydroxyproline. Values in patients with cancer. 662 79

Cancer survival in Sweden in 1961-1991 is presented as a comprehensive report from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The report shows both successes and failures, confirms some earlier published results and presents some new findings worth further analysis. Survival has increased for female breast cancer, malignant melanoma, cancers of the testis and thyroid gland, acute leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease. No improvements are found for multiple myeloma or cancers of the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. Small increases are shown for colorectal cancer and cancers of the stomach, oesophagus, and kidney. Increases in postoperative survival are shown for sites dominated by histologically benign tumors, i.e., intracranial neurinoma, meningioma, and cancers of the endocrine glands such as parathyroid tumors. From 1970-1972 to 1980-1982 the 10-year relative survival rate (RSR) increased from 30% to 38% for males and from 44% to 51% for females. Hence, cancer survival for all cases combined has approached the survival of the general population somewhat. Most of the increases took place in the 1970's. Changes in the distribution of incidence towards cancer sites with better prognoses account for some 10-20% of the observed increases in RSR, whereas the aging of the cancer population reduces the upward trend in RSR for all cases combined by some 1-2%. Cancer patients have poorer survival than the population long after 5 years of follow-up. They reach the survival of the population after about 8-12 years for colorectal cancer, 10 years for cervical cancer, 7-10 years for malignant melanoma, 13-18 years for kidney cancer, and more than 19 years for female breast and prostate cancer. For patients diagnosed in 1970-1972 this occurred 16 years after diagnosis at 29% for males and 43% for females when all cancer cases were combined. The extended time until 'statistical cure' for most cancer forms clearly indicates the need to augment the commonly used 5-year RSR with other outcome measures. If cancers on average are discovered earlier today, the 5-year RSR gives an exaggerated impression of the improvement over time. In this case the change in the 10-year RSR is a less biased criterion.
 ...
PMID:Cancer survival in Sweden during three decades, 1961-1991. 749 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>