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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

159 potential areas of involvement in 26 patients with histologically proven Hodgkin's disease were examined by Ga-67 scanning. 137 areas (86%) were correctly assessed. An uptake was noted in 29 of 48 areas with active diseases, no uptake in 108 of 111 areas without active disease (97%). Best results were obtained from scans of mediastinum and lungs, particularly for differentiating between active disease and fibrosis. Para-aortic and pelvic regions often gave false-positive results because of the elimination of the tracer substance via the large bowel. Results of Ga-67 scanning in other regions were equivalent to those obtained by other diagnostic tests. Ga-67 citrate scanning thus offers an advantageous means of determining the exact stage of the disease and therefore its treatment.
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PMID:[Ga-67 citrate scanning in the management of Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. 112 1

Four hematopoietic in vitro cell lines (Hodgkin derived cell lines L428 and L540, Burkitt's lymphoma line BJAB and the lymphoblastic lymphoma line of T-cell type L735) were transplanted into nude mice (NMRI nu/nu) intramuscularly and intracerebrally as well. Tumor bearing mice were treated with intraperitoneal administration of Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Etoposid and Vindesine. Therapy results in both systems were proven by Student's t-test and significances were compared. Resistance and sensitivity of cell lines tested in the i.c.-system were largely in accordance with the i.m.-system. Best results of treatment were achieved with the T-lymphoma line L735 treated with Cyclophosphamide and Etoposid. Cyclophosphamide induced complete remission of i.m. tumors in several cases whereas in the nude mouse brain the L735 cell relapsed and showed a more aggressive growth and diminished drug sensitivity.
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PMID:Experimental chemotherapy of heterotransplanted Hodgkin- and non-Hodgkin-lymphoma cell lines in nude mice. 647 60

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of eight human herpesviruses and is ubiquitous. Primary infection with EBV in childhood is generally silent, but often causes overt diseases such as infectious mononucleosis (IM) and lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). The latter occurs in immunologically compromised individuals. Historically, EBV has been thought to be aetiologically linked to human malignancies such as EBV genome-positive Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Furthermore, studies using recent developments in molecular and immunological diagnostic approaches have suggested that this virus has a causative role in a spectrum of human diseases of previously unknown pathogenesis, including chronic active EBV infection syndrome (CAEBV), EBV-related haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and certain disorders such as EBV genome-positive T-cell lymphoma, natural killer (NK) cell leukaemia/lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease (HD) and gastric carcinoma. This chapter reviews recent progress regarding EBV-associated diseases.
Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2000 Jun
PMID:Haematological associations of Epstein-Barr virus infection. 1094 21

Chemotherapy and irradiation to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis given for childhood cancer carry with them a risk of endocrine late effects. These treatment modalities are part of the treatment of common oncological diseases in childhood such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, brain tumours, Hodgkins lymphoma and solid tumours outside the central nervous system. Cranial irradiation of a prepubertal child can induce early or even precocious puberty, particularly in girls. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism may develop at a later stage. Irradiation of the gonads, as e.g. part of total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation, will most likely cause gonadal failure and late, incomplete or absent puberty in girls. Many boys will experience a normal pubertal development except for small testes. Alkylating agents given for a variety of childhood cancers, are gonadotoxic. After high doses of these drugs, girls are at great risk of developing ovarian failure, whereas boys will usually go through puberty normally. Many children receive a combination of several treatment modalities, which complicates the prediction of pubertal development. Control and management of children with cancer at risk of having a disturbance of puberty is difficult and requires detailed knowledge of endocrinology as well as oncology. This chapter reviews the common treatments for the most frequent childhood cancers, the known effects of the therapy on pubertal development and provides outlines of control and management.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 Mar
PMID:Disturbance of pubertal development after cancer treatment. 1198 1

Indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the commonest form of lymphoma in the USA and Europe, with a long natural history with multiple responses and relapses. Indolent lymphomas include follicular lymphomas (the more frequent subtype), immunocytoma, and small lymphocytic lymphomas according to the Revised European-American Lymphoma classification. The tendency has been to use simple oral medication until patients have more advanced aggressive disease but new agents such as the purine analogues have led to re-evaluation of this approach. The newer purine analogues -- fludarabine, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine) and deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) -- are a group of potently lymphotoxic antimetabolite molecules. Their activity in the indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, in particular in the follicular subtype, may be due to their unique ability as antimetabolites to inhibit resting as well as dividing cells. Within the last decade they have moved from salvage therapy to front-line studies. Further insight into the mechanism of action of the purine analogues will to lead to further advances in this group of diseases.
Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2002 Sep
PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the evolving role of purine analogues. 1246 2

At least one-quarter of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas arise primarily at extranodal sites. The rising incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, observed over recent decades, have mainly affected the primary extranodal entities. Survival rates vary among the specific sites of primary extranodal lymphomas. This is due partly to differences in natural history, related mainly to the histological type but also to differences in management strategy which are related to organ-specific problems. Few controlled studies facilitate therapeutic decisions in this setting. This chapter represents a general overview of the available data.
Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2002 Sep
PMID:Treatment of extranodal lymphomas. 1246 4

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are highly sensitive to treatment and complete clinical responses are often achieved. However, disease recurrence is common and is caused by the persistence of malignant lymphoma cells at a level below the limits of detection by conventional assessment such as clinical examination, bone marrow morphology and CT scans. This minimal residual disease can be detected using molecular techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and treatments capable of eliminating minimal residual disease are described as producing molecular remission. Molecular assessment is now commonly used as a measure of outcome in clinical trials of novel therapies for the treatment of lymphoma. The evidence for using molecular remission as a surrogate marker of clinical response in this setting is reviewed and the significance of minimal residual disease in determining prognosis and planning treatment strategies is addressed.
Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2002 Sep
PMID:Molecular remission and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1246 5

Every patient in every part of the world has the right to expect the best possible quality of care from health care providers. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are an extremely heterogeneous group of conditions which require important decisions to be taken at many points along the treatment pathway. To get this right every time requires that high-quality standards are instituted and adhered to, so that the best possible outcome is achieved. In the past this has not always been the case because of the failure of clinicians sometimes to adhere to an optimal management plan. In 1995, the UK government commissioned an inquiry into the running of cancer services in the United Kingdom, which culminated in a series of recommendations to improve them. Subsequently, these recommendations were implemented as objectives of the NHS Cancer Plan which is the framework by which the UK government wishes to improve cancer services. Concurrently another general concept has emerged which is designed to ensure that the highest quality standards may be achieved for all patients across the whole National Health Service (NHS). This concept, termed 'clinical governance', brings together a corporate responsibility of all health care workers to deliver high quality standards, in the hope that this will translate into better long-term survival of patients with malignant disease. This chapter focuses on the issues surrounding clinical governance and how the principles of this concept relate to non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2002 Sep
PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: clinical governance issues. 1246 7

Modern classification systems for acute and chronic leukaemias are based on cytomorphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, immunogenetics and molecular cytogenetics. Morphology forms the initial diagnosis of leukaemia, but generally is not sufficient to identify biologically and clinically relevant subsets within the main categories of leukaemia. Immunophenotyping precisely defines the lineage and stage of differentiation of malignantly transformed haematopoietic cells. This is usually sufficient for precise classification of mature lymphoid malignancies, although immunogenetic and (molecular) cytogenetic studies might be helpful to confirm the diagnosis of disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. However, certain categories of disease that are clearly defined by cytomorphology and immunophenotyping, particularly acute leukaemias, are still heterogeneous, mainly owing to different underlying leukaemogenic events. Immunophenotyping can reveal subgroups highly suggestive of certain chromosome aberrations but reliable identification of such aberrations requires cytogenetic or molecular studies. Such combined diagnostic information forms the basis of current WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. This will be complemented in the near future with novel criteria revealed by microarray gene expression profiling. This chapter summarizes and comments on the currently used immunophenotypic classification systems of acute and chronic leukaemias and on the added value of molecular diagnostics.
Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2003 Dec
PMID:Classification systems for acute and chronic leukaemias. 1459 43

The isolation of insulin in 1921 by Banting, Best, Collip, and Macleod stands as one of the most dramatic stories in modern medical investigation. Only two years passed between the initial experiments in dogs to widespread human application to the awarding of the Nobel Prize in 1923. Insulin-related research has also served as a focus, at least in part, for the work of three other Nobel Prize recipients: determination of the chemical structure of insulin by Frederick Sanger in 1958; determination of the three-dimensional structures of insulin and vitamin B12 by Dorothy Hodgkin in 1964; and finally, the development of immunoassay by Solomon Berson and Rosalyn Yalow in 1959-1960, which led to a Nobel Prize for Yalow in 1977 (five years after the untimely death of Berson). The history of Yalow and Berson's discovery and its impact on the field is an illustration of the adage that every story has two sides.
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PMID:Berson, Yalow, and the JCI: the agony and the ecstasy. 1548 51


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