Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of histologic types of lymphoma according to the proposed working formulation was determined for 55 patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fifty-five percent of these patients had diffuse large-cell histologic features. When the relationship between histologic type and computed tomographic (CT) appearance was analyzed, the following trends were noted: A greater percentage of mixed cell tumors were multiple when compared with other types; noncleaved small-cell tumors were more commonly located in the central gray matter or corpus callosum than were other types; all immunoblastic tumors were enhanced homogeneously, unlike other types; and smaller tumors appeared to be associated with an increased histologic grade. Eleven patients had CT confirmation of a CNS recurrence; in eight patients, the recurrent tumor was in a different location than the original lesion. Eleven patients had associated intraocular lymphoma, and four were immunosuppressed.
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PMID:Central nervous system lymphoma: histologic types and CT appearance. 327 54

Intraocular lymphoma is a rare disease. We present a patient in which anisocoria led to the diagnosis of iris lymphoma and systemic malignant non Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:[Anisocoria disclosing malignant lymphoma]. 856 67

Intraocular lymphoma (IOL) is a rare form of non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); it has a poor prognosis and is frequently associated with central nervous system (CNS) infiltration. We report the results of a prospective study of 11 patients with IOL who received conventional chemotherapy (CT), followed by salvage high-dose (HD) CT with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in five cases. All 11 patients had abnormal funduscopic findings and six had CNS involvement at diagnosis. The diagnosis was based on vitrectomy in 10 cases and cerebral stereotaxic biopsy in one. Pathologic studies showed large-cell NHL in all cases. These large-cell NHL were of the B-cell type in 8 cases and of the T-cell type in two. First-line therapy consisted of a combination of cisplatin 25 mg/m2 as a 24-hour IV infusion on 4 consecutive days, VP-16 40 mg/m2 for 4 days, aracytine 2 g/m2 IV on day 5, and methylprednisolone 500 mg IV daily for 5 days (ESHAP) in 5 cases; alternating courses of ESHAP and HD methotrexate (MTX) in 4 cases; and HD MTX in 2 cases. Three patients underwent ocular and whole-brain radiation therapy. Five refractory patients subsequently received intensive CT with thiotepa 750 mg/m2, busulfan 10 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg, followed by ABMT. First-line treatment failed in 10 evaluable cases. One patient died of CNS progression at 12 months. All the patients who underwent intensive CT and ABMT entered CR; two relapsed at 6 months and three are alive in CR 15, 15 and 14 months after ABMT. Six patients are alive with persistent disease at 8, 13, 14, 15, 18 and 24 months. It seems in conclusion that, high-dose thiotepa, busulfan and cyclophosphamide followed by ABMT is effective in some cases of refractory IOL.
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PMID:A single-center study of 11 patients with intraocular lymphoma treated with conventional chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in 5 cases. 903 Nov 15

Primary intraocular lymphoma is almost always a central nervous system B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Primary intraocular lymphoma is commonly diagnosed by demonstrating lymphoma cells in the vitreous or cerebrospinal fluid. An interleukin (IL) 10 to IL-6 ratio greater than 1.0 in these fluids and the detection of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement are useful adjuncts in the diagnosis of primary intraocular lymphoma. We report a case of primary intraocular lymphoma diagnosed by chorioretinal biopsy in which no malignant cells were identified in the vitreous and in which the IL-10 to IL-6 ratio was less than 1.0. The detection of IgH gene rearrangement heterogeneity in the tumor cells by polymerase chain reaction, a high tumor mitotic figure rate, and the rapid onset of multiple brain lesions suggest an aggressive malignant neoplasm.
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PMID:Primary intraocular lymphoma with a low interleukin 10 to interleukin 6 ratio and heterogeneous IgH gene rearrangement. 1081 78

Intraocular non-Hodgkin lymphoma often masquerades a chronic uveitis, which does however not respond to local and/or systemic immunosuppressive treatment. The anterior segment signs are usually discrete, although a hypopion may appear during evolution. The vitreous is often markedly involved. The chorioretinal lesions are variable in aspect. Subretinal infiltrates or solid retinal pigment epithelial detachments are the most characteristic fundus signs of the disease. Other fundus signs may be present, such as retinal vascular occlusions, perivasculitis, macular oedema, optic disc oedema or ischaemic optic neuropathy. The diagnosis is based on histological or cytological examination of anterior chamber material in case of hypopion, or more frequently from vitrectomy specimens or from direct biopsy of suspected fundus lesions. Polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry can be extremely helpful in the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma when the cytology is not conclusive.
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PMID:[Intra-ocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Diagnostic aspects]. 1134 19

Intraocular non Hodgkin's lymphoma has traditionally been treated with radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapeutic agents. Unfortunately, radiotherapy rarely leads to a long term remission, and can only be safely administered once. Systemic chemotherapy has limited intraocular penetration. Intravitreal administered methotrexate is highly effective at inducing remission and is well tolerated. A case report is presented of a recurrent intraocular lymphoma following radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy which responded to a combination of intravitreal methotrexate and dexamethasone. A response was seen within three weeks of treatment initiation. Toxicity was limited to the progression of a pre-existing cataract. Review of the literature shows that intravitreal methotrexate is well tolerated, with few acute complications. However, with monotherapy, local recurrences have been observed.
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PMID:Management of non Hodgkin's intraocular lymphoma with intravitreal methotrexate. 1134 20

Primary nervous-system lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is confined to the nervous system. This disease is managed quite differently from the usual treatment of either primary brain tumours or systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although whole-brain radiotherapy results in responses in more than 90% of cases, this treatment is associated with high relapse rates and with delayed neurotoxicity in elderly patients. First-generation chemotherapy regimens used successfully in systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (eg cyclo-phosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone) are ineffective in primary nervous-system lymphoma, partly because of the blood-brain barrier. Median survival of patients treated with radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy is similar, and ranges from 10 to 16 months. The addition of methotrexate-based chemotherapy has improved survival for these patients, extending median survival to more than 30 months. When used alone, methotrexate-based chemotherapy is associated with significantly fewer treatment-associated toxic effects. Leptomeningeal lymphoma and intraocular lymphoma are topics of particular relevance in primary nervous-system lymphoma and are addressed in this review.
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PMID:Primary nervous-system lymphoma. 1190 52

Primary intraocular lymphoma is a high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma whose pathogenesis is still unclear. Few animal models exist in order to study this condition. Although intraocular lymphomas in humans are usually B cell lymphomas, most of these models are T cell lymphomas. Recently, a major step forward has been realized with the development of new models of intraocular B cell lymphoma. New therapeutic tools are being evaluated in these models of B cell lymphoma. We evaluate the contribution of the different animal models available to study intraocular lymphomas, and we discuss the new therapeutic strategies and their various targets in the tumor as well as in the environment, which are currently investigated through the development of these models.
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PMID:Animal models of intraocular lymphomas. 1842 Dec 41

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is restricted in distribution to the brain, leptomeninges, spinal cord, and intraocular compartments. Although PCNSL shares overlapping features with systemic lymphoma, recent studies also reveal a unique pattern of gene and protein expression in PCNSL. These findings have yielded new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease, as well as the identification of novel prognostic biomarkers. Immune system compromise, such as is seen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is the best established known risk factor for PCNSL. Like other lesions of the brain, meninges, and eye, the presenting symptoms associated with PCNSL typically include focal neurological deficits related to the site of disease or more global consequences of increased intracranial pressure. Diagnosis of PCNSL typically includes gadolinium-enhanced MRI and pathologic tissue analysis, as well as additional studies aimed at excluding concurrent systemic disease. PCNSL typically has a worse overall prognosis than systemic lymphoma. High-dose chemotherapy, particularly with methotrexate-based regimens, is the backbone of therapy for most patients, and chemotherapy is associated with much lower rates of treatment-related morbidity and mortality than whole-brain irradiation. Autologous stem cell transplantation is an emerging treatment modality, particularly in younger patients with relapsed disease, but high rates of treatment-related mortality are observed in older patients. Immunotherapy, including treatment with intrathecal rituximab, is another area of active research that may have promise in refractory or relapsed disease. Treatment options for intraocular lymphoma parallel those for PCNSL elsewhere in the brain: systemic chemotherapy, radiation, and local delivery of cytotoxic and immunologically active agents such as anti-CD20 antibody.
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PMID:Biology and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. 1956 Jul 47

Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) and CNS relapse of systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma remains poor, and the optimal treatment is yet to be defined. This review presents an overview of the current status of CNS lymphoma treatment. Treatment options include radiotherapy alone, intravenous conventional chemotherapy alone, intrathecal chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation, combined modality treatment (i.e., chemotherapy plus radiotherapy), immunotherapy, radioimmunotherapy and ocular radiation and/or chemotherapy for intraocular lymphoma. High-dose methotrexate remains an essential part of most first-line treatments for PCNSL and CNS relapse of systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment standardization is hampered by the rarity of the disease and the difficulty of conducting trials with a higher number of patients. However, a recently closed Phase III/IV trial will most likely define the role of adjuvant whole-brain radiation treatment in PCNSL. Future directions in the management of PCNSL and CNS relapse of systemic lymphoma may include treatment stratification according to patient age and clinical and biological prognostic factors.
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PMID:Treatment options for central nervous system lymphomas in immunocompetent patients. 1983 39


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