Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epstein-Barr viral DNA (EBV DNA) has been detected in 20 to 58% of Hodgkin's disease tumors analyzed by Southern blotting or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Because patients with Hodgkin's disease are generally immunodepressed, it is possible that the EBV is not directly involved in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease but is merely detectable by molecular techniques because of reactivation of a latent infection. The purpose of this study was to determine if EBV DNA could be detected in an even higher percentage of cases of Hodgkin's disease, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Hodgkin's disease, by using newly designed, PCR amplification primers, and to compare the incidence of EBV DNA with the incidence of another common, latent virus (cytomegalovirus) in Hodgkin's disease tissue. The PCR was performed on DNA extracted from cells from 15 benign hyperplastic lymph nodes and from 15 cryopreserved cases of Hodgkin's disease, including 2 cases of AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease. For negative controls, PCR was also performed without template DNA and on genomic DNA from E. coli, calf thymus, a murine myeloma, and from a human cell line. After 32 cycles of amplification, a 225 base-pair amplification product comigrating with an EBV-positive control was detected in none of the negative controls but was present in 14 out of 15 cases (93%) of Hodgkin's disease, including both cases of AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease, and in 2 out of 15 cases of benign lymphoid hyperplasia. By contrast, cytomegalovirus DNA was undetectable by PCR in any of our specimens. We conclude that in our study set, the PCR procedure detected EBV-DNA but not cytomegalovirus DNA in a high percentage of cases of Hodgkin's disease, including two cases of AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that EBV may be involved in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease and AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Frequent detection of Epstein-Barr viral deoxyribonucleic acid and absence of cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid in Hodgkin's disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Hodgkin's disease. 166 51

Fourteen examples of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and four of Hodgkin's disease in patients with AIDS as well as lymph nodes exhibiting changes related to the lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) from 11 HIV-positive individuals were studied for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome both by in situ DNA hybridization and blotting techniques. Both methods were performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material. All the NHLs were of high malignancy and all but one were of the B-cell type. Of the four examples of Hodgkin's disease, two were lymphocytic predominant, one of mixed cellularity and one of the nodular sclerosing variety. The lymph nodes of patients with LAS were mostly stage I with marked follicular hyperplasia. In 7 of the 14 NHLs the presence of EBV-DNA was clearly demonstrated by dot-blotting and by in situ hybridization. All lymph nodes from the patients with LAS and AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease were negative for EBV by dot-blot and in situ hybridization assays. We conclude that EBV plays a role in the development of AIDS-related lymphomas, but the fact that half these lymphomas are EBV-negative suggests that other mechanisms such as polyclonal stimulation of B-cells by HIV products may also be important.
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PMID:Identification of EBV-DNA in lymph nodes from patients with lymphadenopathy and lymphomas associated with AIDS. 197 Jun 81

Some acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas (ARLs) are infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although the frequency and importance of this association is disputed. Using paraffin section RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) with digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes, we screened 16 central nervous system (CNS) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), 101 systemic NHLs, and 11 Hodgkin's disease cases arising in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals for EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER 1) expression, an EBV gene product transcribed in abundance during latent infection. Tumor cells contained EBV in 85 of 128 ARLs (66%), but infection rates differed with lymphoma type. EBER 1 was expressed in tumor cells in 11 of 11 Hodgkin's disease cases (100%), 15 of 16 CNS NHLs (94%), and 46 of 60 systemic immunoblast-rich/large-cell lymphomas (77%), but in only 12 of 35 Burkitt-type (small noncleaved cell) (34%) and 1 of 6 monomorphic centroblastic (diffuse large noncleaved cell) (17%) lymphomas. In most EBV-positive ARLs, all recognizable viable tumor cells expressed EBER 1. We conclude that (1) EBV infects tumor cells in all AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease cases, in virtually all primary CNS ARLs, and in most systemic immunoblast-rich/large-cell ARLs; (2) only a minority of Burkitt-type and monomorphic centroblastic lymphomas are associated with EBV; and (3) EBER-ISH is ideal for the histopathologic detection of latent EBV in routine tissue specimens.
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PMID:In situ demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs (EBER 1) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas: correlation with tumor morphology and primary site. 839 1

The expression of the apoptosis-regulating genes Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bax, Mcl-1, and p53 analyzed in 4 cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Hodgkin's disease, in 36 cases of HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), and in 109 cases of non-HIV-related NHLs by using immunohistochemistry. HIV-associated Hodgkin's disease samples were positive for all markers. For the HIV-related NHL samples, 36, 66, 88, 100, and 94% of the cases were Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bax, Mcl-1, and p53 were found to be expressed in 69, 65, 82, 83, and 42%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in Bax and Mcl-1 staining between HIV-unrelated NHLs of B cell and T cell types. In contrast, Bcl-2 was positive in 66/79 (83%) and 10/30 (33%) of B cell and T cell HIV-unrelated NHLs, respectively (P2 < 0.001). Peculiar patterns were observed for hairy cell leukemia (Bax+, Bcl-2+, Mcl-1-) and for anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Bax+, Mcl-1+, Bcl-2-) in HIV-unrelated NHLs. Of interest, all cases with a positive expression of Bax were also found to express either Mcl-1 and/or Bcl-2, suggesting that Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 may counteract the pro-apoptosis function of Bax in vivo by protein-protein interaction within the tumor cell, as demonstrated previously in vitro. These results suggest that apoptosis regulation may have a role in the pathogenesis of some HIV-related and HIV-unrelated NHLs.
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PMID:Immunodetection of apoptosis-regulating proteins in lymphomas from patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. 868 41

As a frequent complication of immunosuppression, lymphoproliferative disorders affect approximately 2 % of allorgan transplant recipients. Most of them are EBV-associated-B-cell-lymphoproliferations. Other types of non Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease, as observed in general population, have only rarely been reported in this group of patients. We report three cases of Hodgkin's disease, which were diagnosed in two renal transplant recipients and one heart transplant patient. They were associated with Epstein-Barr virus, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. EBV is frequently associated with Hodgkin's disease in the general population, and always implicated in AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease. However in transplant patients the rarity of Hodgkin's disease argues against a direct oncogenic role of this virus.
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PMID:[Post-transplantation of Hodgkin's disease. Clinico-pathologic study of 3 cases]. 876 81

Hodgkin's lymphoma is the most common non-AIDS-defining tumor diagnosed in HIV-infected patients. Although the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) led to a decreased incidence of several malignancies among HIV-infected patients, the incidence of HIV-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma (HIV-HL) has been persistent in recent years. Its unusually aggressive tumor behavior includes a higher frequency of unfavorable histologic subtypes, high stage and extranodal involvement by the time of presentation and poor therapeutic outcome, in comparison with Hodgkin's lymphoma outside the HIV setting. Treatment of HIV-HL is challenging considering the underlying immunodeficiency caused by HIV itself and may increase the risk of opportunistic infections by inducing further immunosuppression. To address this delicate vulnerability of the HIV-infected host, tailored regimens, which are less aggressive than standard regimens for HIV-negative hosts, have been applied to achieve tumor control. The introduction of HAART has opened a new perspective in the treatment of HIV-associated malignancies. The improved control of HIV infection and the subsequently improved survival rates of HIV-infected patients has changed the goal from tumor control to cure and new treatment approaches with more potent regimens need to be evaluated to improve survival and quality of life in HIV-HL.
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PMID:Current treatment strategies for patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and HIV infection. 1516 39

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Systemic lymphoma usually involves extranodal sites (80%-90%) and is usually of intermediate-grade (diffuse large-cell or immunoblastic( or high-grade (diffuse small noncleaved) histology. Approximately one third to one half of patients are cured with the cytotoxic treatment regimens that are used in immunocompetent patients with lymphoma. Careful attention must be paid to appropriate treatment of HIV infection and to primary and secondary infection prophylaxis. Colony-stimulating factors are commonly used in conjunction with cytotoxic therapy because of the high risk of febrile neutropenia. Patients with HIV-associated Hodgkin's disease also frequently have extranodal involvement and mixed cellularity histology, features associated with an adverse prognosis in immunocompetent patients. Treatment regimens used to treat Hodgkin's disease in immunocompetent patients have been used with some success, although the prognosis is not favorable in HIV-infected patients with PCNSL is generally poor because such patients typically present with advanced immunodeficiency (CD4 <50/microL), and the lymphoma often relapses after transient initial response to whole brain irradiation. There are anecdotal reports of responses to therapy directed against Epstein-Barr virus (ie, high-dose zidovudine, gancyclovir, and interleukin-2).
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-associated lymphoma. 1622 26