Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the past few years, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have been paid increasing attention to because of their recently increasing frequency. We reviewed the MR images of 17 patients with histologically proved primary CNS lymphoma, all of them immunocompetent at diagnosis. We studied the site, number and shape of the lesions, the presence and grade of edema and possible periventricular spread. The exams were performed with 0.5 T and 1.5 T MR units, using SE sequences on the sagittal, axial and coronal planes, before and after Gd-DTPA administration. The most typical neuroradiologic signs which may suggest the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma are deep or periventricular lesion site, diffuse and marked contrast enhancement, poorly defined borders, moderate edema surrounding the mass and a tendency to periventricular spread. MRI demonstrated 35 lesions in 17 patients. The lymphoma was unifocal in 9 cases (53%) and 7 lesions were localized in subtentorial site. Lesion size did not exceed 2 cm in 49% of cases, ranged 2-4 cm in 40% and exceeded 4 cm in 11% of cases only. These lesions and hypo- to isointense on T1-weighted images (97%) and their signal intensity varies on T2-weighted images, with mainly iso-/hypointense patterns (79%). All lesions enhanced after Gd-DTPA administration, 74% of them markedly and 26% moderately; enhancement was mostly homogeneous (80% of cases). Perilesional edema was observed in 74% of cases. In conclusion, MRI yields some useful information for the diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma, but the clinical and radiologic signs of this lesion may exhibit aspecific signal features, meaning that no correct diagnosis can be made even in immuno-competent patients.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance features in cerebral primary lymphomas in non-immunocompromised subjects]. 922 16

Primary CNS lymphoma is recognized as one of the criteria of AIDS. The incidence is 0.4 to 0.56% of AIDS complications. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas appear as multicentric tumours, mostly located in the hemispheres; they have a B phenotype and have a high grade of malignancy. They are sometimes associated with opportunistic infections. Survival is around 4 to 5 months. The presence of EBV in these tumours is an argument to propose a synergistic role of this virus in the pathogenesis of these tumours. Secondary lymphomas are observed in 40 to 47% of these tumours and must be systematically looked for. Hodgkin's disease is rare. It is mostly diagnosed as secondary compressive epidural tumors.
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PMID:[Nervous system lymphoma in HIV infection]. 938 9

Primary non-Hodgkin's CNS lymphoma is rare, constituting 0.3-1.5% of all intracranial neoplasms in patients without AIDS. In the past 10 years the incidence has tripled in this population. The role of surgery is commonly limited to obtaining adequate tissue for diagnosis. This has precluded the evaluation of total surgical resection for a surgically accessible solitary lesion. We have encountered a 36-year-old healthy white male with primary CNS lymphoma who is HIV-negative and who has survived over five years disease free after total surgical resection of his lymphoma.
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PMID:Solitary primary CNS lymphoma: long term survival following total resection. 964 33

Lymphoma is a common opportunistic complication of immunosuppression. Lymphomas in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may broadly be divided into four major types: intermediate- or high-grade systemic lymphoma, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease (HD) and primary effusion lymphoma. Multiple active regimens have been identified for patients with AIDS-related systemic lymphoma. However, despite high initial complete response rates, most studies have reported a median survival of less than 1 year for these patients, with approximately half of the patients dying from lymphoma and half from opportunistic infections or other AIDS-related complications. The standard therapeutic approach for patients with AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma is radiotherapy, although recent studies using combinations of chemotherapy with radiotherapy may offer an improvement in therapy for this group of patients who have very poor overall prognosis. Lymphoproliferative disease in patients after solid organ or bone marrow transplantation represents with a spectrum of disorders. No standard approach for therapy in this group of patients has been clearly established.
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PMID:Lymphomas in the immunocompromised patient. 972 99

OVERVIEW OF MALIGNANCY IN PATIENTS WITH AIDS: Despite the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated malignancies has not decreased. The United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has determined that Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (including primary central nervous system lymphoma), and cervical carcinoma define the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Some literature reports include Hodgkin's disease, anal carcinoma, lung cancer, and non-melanomatous skin cancers as ones commonly found in people infected with HIV. The oncologist is further challenged treating a patient with malignancy whose malignancy is complicated by a concurrent compromised marrow function. This article will review the clinical presentation and current treatment for the HIV-associated malignancies and selected other tumors in the HIV-infected patient. Furthermore, HIV-associated myelosuppression is a common problem in antiviral-undertreated or antiviral-resistant patients.
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PMID:AIDS-Related Malignancies. 1038 17

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (AIDS-NHLs) consistently derive from B cells, are histologically heterogeneous, and are associated with distinct molecular pathways depending upon histology. Recently, it has been proposed that inactivating mutations of the bax death agonist may contribute to the pathogenesis of human tumors. In particular, among B-cell malignancies, BAX mutations have been detected at a certain frequency in Burkitt lymphomas. This study is aimed at defining the status of the BAX gene throughout the clinicopathologic spectrum of AIDS-NHL (n = 54), including AIDS-related Burkitt lymphoma (n = 14), AIDS-related Burkitt-like lymphoma (n = 8), AIDS-related diffuse large cell lymphoma (n = 15), AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma (n = 6), and AIDS-related primary effusion lymphoma (n = 11). All 6 BAX exons and flanking sequences were subjected to mutational analysis by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism followed by DNA direct sequencing of positive cases. Mutations of BAX among AIDS-NHL were restricted to a cell line of AIDS-related primary effusion lymphoma, which harbored a frameshift mutation causing the introduction of a proximal stop codon. All other AIDS-NHL displayed wild-type BAX alleles. In order to investigate whether BAX inactivation in AIDS-NHL may occur through mechanisms other than gene mutation, bax protein expression was investigated by Western blot analysis or immunohistochemistry in selected cases. All AIDS-NHL analyzed expressed normal bax proteins. Overall, this study indicates that deregulation of apoptotic control in AIDS-NHL is not caused by BAX alterations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:177-182, 2000.
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PMID:Mutation of BAX occurs infrequently in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 1061 6

We report a 27-year-old woman with a non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the central nervous system (CNS), showing monoparesis of the right upper extremity during treatment for the galactorrhea amenorrhea syndrome. The MRI demonstrated an infiltrative lesion with an obvious gadolinium-enhancement effect, extending from the pituitary stalk and hypothalamus through the 4th ventricle to the dorsal part of the medulla and upper cervical spinal cord. Because no tumors were detected in any other organ in either a physical examination or radiological investigations, including CT for the chest and abdomen, she was diagnosed as having primary CNS non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B cell origin) on the basis of an open brain biopsy. After the irradiation of the whole brain, followed by chemotherapy (methotrexate + CHOP), the infiltrative tumor disappeared on the MRI with a slight improvement for monoparesis of the right upper extremity. In this patient, primary CNS lymphoma might originate around the hypothalamus and infiltrate the medulla, inducing not only monoparesis of the right upper extremity but the galactorrhea amenorrhea syndrome.
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PMID:[A case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the central nervous system, developing during treatment of galactorrhea amenorrhea syndrome]. 1068 43

This report describes a case of streptococcal abscess in the nodules of a primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed multiple lesions with ringlike enhancement over the bilateral frontal, right temporal, and left parietal lobes. On admission, acute brain edema occurred following angiography, which resulted in respiratory arrest. Autopsy findings showed that the ringlike enhanced lesions on MRI were streptococcal abscesses localized in the lymphoma nodules. The lymphoma was classified as non-Hodgkin, diffuse large cells of B-cell lineage. No other lymphoma mass was found extracranially. An immunohistochemical study showed that the lymphoma cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen, Epstein-Barr virus, bax. and bcl-XL, and negative for L-26 and bcl-2. This case demonstrated that an opportunistic streptococcal abscess developed in primary CNS lymphoma in a patient without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), though a few similar cases have been reported in patients with AIDS.
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PMID:Primary CNS lymphoma associated with streptococcal abscess: an autopsy case. 1074 67

The authors describe a rare case of a primary central nervous system lymphoma of the cerebellopontine angle, extending into the right cavernous sinus and orbit. The patient presented with multiple right sided cranial nerve palsies and rapidly progressive proptosis and ophthalmoplegia of the right eye. Imaging revealed a cerebellopontine angle mass extending into cavernous sinus. Surgical decompression of the tumor was undertaken through a right sided retromastoid craniectomy. Histopathology revealed Non Hodgkin's lymphoma of diffuse large cell type. There was no evidence of systemic lymphoma. Primary lymphoma of cerebellopontine angle with direct extension into cavernous sinus and orbit is rare and to our knowledge this is the only case reported.
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PMID:An unusual case of primary lymphoma of the skull base extending from cerebellopontine angle to cavernous sinus and orbit. A case report. 1112 50

A case with systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the sella turcica and kidney is reported. A 69-year-old man presented with a progressive two month history of visual disturbance and headache. Neurological examination revealed bilateral visual disturbance and right optic atrophy. MRI showed a contrast-enhancing mass in the sella turcica. The tumor extended to the right optic nerve. Without extensive studies for systemic disease, the patient immediately underwent transsphenoidal surgery. The slightly firm, fibrous and vascular-rich tumor was subtotally removed. The histopathological examination revealed a malignant lymphoma, diffuse-large-cell type with B-cell phenotype. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient's symptoms subsided gradually. The patient received radiation therapy and the tumor disappeared. Postoperative CT examinations of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a large mass at the upper portion of the left kidney. Ga-scan also suggested the mass to be consistent with the abdominal CT. However, the patient suddenly died of acute heart failure with unknown cause just before starting chemotherapy for systemic lymphoma. Patients presenting primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) may have systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. To exclude systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma, systemic investigation is essential for the initial management of patients presenting PCNSL.
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PMID:[Systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma initially presented with visual disturbance due to intrasellar lymphoma--a case report]. 1121 68


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