Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two new monoclonal antibodies (Lym-1 and Lym-2), reactive with the cell surface of B-lymphocytes and derived tumors, have been produced using tumor cell nuclei preparations as immunogens. Specificity screens using live cell radioimmunoassay techniques with 52 well-characterized human lymphoma and leukemia cell lines showed that both Lym-1 and Lym-2 bound to cell lines of B-cell lineage but were unreactive with those of T-cell, myeloid, or erythroid derivation. The B-cell specificity of these reagents was confirmed on 36 lymphoma and 15 leukemia biopsy specimens by using immunoperoxidase or immunofluorescence techniques. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis of 22 lymphoma biopsies showed that the majority of B-cell tumors were Lym-1 and/or Lym-2 positive and that within a given biopsy, a high percentage of the malignant cell population was stained. In both the immunoperoxidase and flow cytometric studies, reactive T-cells or T-cell lymphomas were consistently negative with the exception of Hodgkin's disease tissues which, in some instances, showed a higher than expected positivity with Lym-1 and Lym-2. Approximately 40% of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias were found to be positive with Lym-1 while 80% were positive with Lym-2. Immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections of human lymphoid tissues showed that both Lym-1 and Lym-2 stained germinal center and mantle zone B-lymphocytes as well as interfollicular histiocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of normal peripheral blood demonstrated specific staining of B-cells which comprised approximately 8% of circulating lymphocytes. Immunoperoxidase staining of nonlymphoid human organs and tissues revealed weak reactivity of Lym-1 with surface colonic epithelium only. Consistent with these findings, 35 solid tumor cell lines of diverse nature were found unreactive with both Lym-1 and Lym-2. Although standard techniques have thus far failed to identify the antigen recognized by Lym-2, the membrane antigen which binds Lym-1 has been shown by immunoprecipitation and competitive radioimmunoassay studies to be a polymorphic variant of the HLA-Dr antigen. Solid-phase radioimmunoassay techniques have shown that the antigens recognized by Lym-1 and Lym-2 are not significantly modulated after antibody exposure nor shed into the circulation of lymphoma patients. Finally, using iodine-125 labeled preparations of purified Lym-1 and Lym-2, we have determined that both reagents have a relatively large number of antibody binding sites per tumor cell and increased avidity for lymphoma cells when compared to normal and reactive lymph node B-cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Two new monoclonal antibodies, Lym-1 and Lym-2, reactive with human B-lymphocytes and derived tumors, with immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic potential. 354 94

A total of 20 patients aged 50.5 +/- 4.5 years with 24 chronic pleural effusions associated with lymphomas underwent 24 thoracoscopic talc poudrages. Effusions were serofibrinous (32%), hemorrhagic (41%), or chylous (27%). The mean volume of pleural liquid evacuated by repeated thoracenteses before thoracoscopy was 5.2 +/- 0.6 l. Thoracoscopic biopsies confirmed a lymphomatous infiltration of the pleura in 95.5% of cases. A definitive pleural symphysis was obtained in all cases but 2 (92% positive results): in 1 case, a further single thoracentesis of 400 ml was necessary, and in the 2nd case the patient died within 6 days from an acute evolution of her Hodgkin's disease. The mean drainage time was 4.8 +/- 0.2 days. Overall results are thus identical to those obtained in solid tumor-related pleural effusions (91% positive results).
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PMID:[Thoracoscopic talc poudrage in pleurisies of blood diseases]. 356 22

The literature data and the authors' findings on second tumors in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease are analyzed. Most patients who subsequently developed acute leukemia and solid tumors received chemoradiation treatment, while only few of them were exposed to radiation alone. Acute leukemia and solid tumor development is attributed to application of alkylating drugs. Out of 420 patients under study, leukemia was registered in 2 and solid tumors--in 4 cases.
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PMID:[Development of second tumors in patients with Hodgkin's disease (review of the literature and personal data)]. 359 Jun 64

In order to assess the effects of various cancer treatments on neuropsychological functioning, 74 long-term survivors of childhood cancer were examined. A comprehensive battery of tests was administered to two CNS treatment groups (irradiated and nonirradiated leukemia and lymphoma patients) and a control group (solid tumor and Hodgkin disease patients receiving no CNS treatment). The CNS-irradiated group obtained lower scores than the other two groups, with significant differences in visual-motor and fine motor skills, spatial memory, and arithmetic achievement resulting in significant differences in IQ scores (VIQ, PIQ, FSIQ). The results are discussed in relation to: (1) the effects of CNS irradiation on cognitive development; (2) the specificity of these effects; and (3) the relationship of age at diagnosis to treatment effects. It is concluded that although there is a general lowering of scores after CNS irradiation, the effect is most pronounced for nonlanguage skills. Age at diagnosis was less important than the type of treatment, with CNS irradiation reducing performance regardless of when cancer was diagnosed. There were indications that children with any type of cancer diagnosed before age 5 years are more likely to have some cognitive difficulties.
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PMID:Neuropsychological sequelae of childhood cancer in long-term survivors. 383 84

In a patient with Hodgkin's disease, an intrahepatic echodense mass was diagnosed incidentally by ultrasonography. The sonographic pattern suggested a solid tumor. Despite negative or border-line serology, computed tomography established the diagnosis of Echinococcus cysticus by documentation of one "daughter" cyst; this diagnosis was confirmed by surgery. The criteria of Echinococcus cysticus in modern imaging methods like sonography and computed tomography are summarized and the diagnostic value of various procedures including diagnostic procedure in seronegative cases are discussed.
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PMID:[Echinococcus cysticus of the liver--sonographically a solid tumor]. 390 57

A series of experimental studies has been carried out to assess the relationship between the effectiveness of tumor control, normal tissue reaction and median survival following different radiation fractionation schedules on the solid tumor model 3924A in the ACI rat. The total radiation dose of 7500 rad and the dose per fraction of 250 rad were held constant. Tumor control and life expectancy improved with 250 rad given continuously as multiple fractions per day (MFD) (1, 2 and 3 fractions per day over 30-, 15- and 10-day periods, respectively). However, the maximum acute skin reaction surrounding the tumor was greater for MFD given continuously than for single daily fractions. We have also completed studies of the therapeutic effectiveness of MFD given intermittently at 11-day intervals. Tumor control following MFD given intermittently was comparable to that following the daily fraction schedule given continuously, and the normal tissue reaction was acceptable at a total radiation dose of 7500 rad. Experimental and clinical results in head and neck cancer indicate that large total radiation doses in the order of 7000 rad given as continuous MFD are associated with unacceptable normal tissue reaction. However, these clinical and experimental results also indicate that large total radiation doses can be given as MFD intermittently and effectively used in cancer management. The marked superiority of alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy in obtaining a tumor cure rate of greater than or equal to 50% in our experimental system and the superiority of alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy in extensive Hodgkin's disease (complete response rate--87%) over chemotherapy alone, radiotherapy alone, or the two modalities given together or as split course provides the clinical and experimental basis for the development of more effective protocols in the treatment of tumors responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A complete response rate of 78% in patients with head and neck cancer, and a complete response rate of 89% in patients with limited small cell carcinoma of the lung using alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy indicate that it is now possible to proceed rapidly in clinical protocol design for these two additional tumors responsive to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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PMID:Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities: XXV. Comparison of the effect of one radiation fraction per day with multiple fractions per day (MFD) given either continuously or intermittently on tumor response and normal tissue reaction. 394 71

Eighty-three patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. 43 were included in protocol 1 (from january 1970 to january 1974) and 40 in protocol 2 (february 1974 to december 1977). In protocol 1, staging laparotomy was not systematically performed (20 cases). Treatment consisted of 2 intravenous injections in Vinblastine and total nodal irradiation. In protocol 2, laparotomy was systematic in patients over 50 (35 cases). Patients with stages 1 and II treated as mentioned above. Patients with stage III received two Mopp courses followed by total nodal irradiation. Patients older than 50 with stages I and II and poor prognosis factors received chemotherapy only. Laparotomy was associated with a 0% mortality rate and a 3,6% morbidity rate. No myelitis or pericarditis were observed. Herpes zoster occurred in 24% of the patients, pulmonary apex fibrosis in 6%, hypothyroiditis in 2,4%, and leucopenia in 3,6%. Two late infectious complications were fatal. No solid tumor was apparent. Acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma developed in two patients. Good tolerance, shortness of treatment, and remission rate, warrant the pursuit of protocol 2 in which systematic laparotomy for patients under 50 allows total nodal irradiation and therefore reduction of chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Non-gonadic complications of chemoradiotherapy in Hodgkin's disease. A study of eighty-three patients (author's transl)]. 628 Feb 86

Aziridinylbenzoquinone is a quinone compound capable of penetrating the central nervous system. It has demonstrated activity against both intracranial and i.p. murine tumors and human tumor xenographs. We have conducted a Phase I trial of aziridinylbenzoquinone in 60 children with advanced cancer who were refractory to conventional therapy. The drug was given by slow i.v. push on a daily schedule for 5 days every 3 to 4 weeks. The dose range explored included 6 dose levels, ranging from 6 to 12 mg/sq m daily for 5 days in patients with solid tumors and leukemia, and in patients with leukemia, 20, 25, and 30 mg/sq m daily for 5 days. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting side effect. In patients with solid tumor the highest dose studied was 12 mg/sq m, and the median nadir white blood cell and platelet counts were 0.7 X 10(3) and 6.0 X 10(3)/microliter on Days 17 and 22, respectively. The median recovery day for white blood cells was 39. There may be some evidence of cumulative toxicity with prolonged thrombocytopenia. Other side effects were mild nausea, vomiting, and mucositis. Elevations in liver enzymes and bilirubin were transient and dose dependent, occurring 3 to 4 weeks after drug administration. Of the 34 children with solid tumors, 33 were evaluable for hematopoietic toxicity, 3 were early deaths, and 31 receiving a total of 55 courses were evaluable for therapeutic response. Partial responses lasting 3 weeks to 6 months were seen in the 4 patients with Hodgkin's disease, and in a child with a metastatic spinal cord ependymoma. Fifty-two courses were given to 9 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and 17 with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Of the 15 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia treated at doses greater than or equal to 25 mg/sq m/day for 5 days there was one early death and there were 2 M1 (less than or equal to 5% blasts with normal cellularity), 3 M2A (6 to 15% blasts), and 2 M2B (16 to 39% blasts) bone marrow responses lasting 1 to 3.5 months. Aziridinylbenzoquinone demonstrated activity against acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with maximal tolerated doses of 30 mg/sq m daily for 5 days. Its effect in Hodgkin's disease is encouraging; however, further study will be required to determine its efficacy in central nervous system cancers. Recommended doses for Phase II studies, using daily schedule for 5 days in children with solid tumors, is 9 mg/sq m, and in children with leukemia, it is 25 mg/sq m.
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PMID:Phase I study of aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ, NSC 182986) in children with cancer. 669 81

Thirty-two second malignancies (21 acute leukemias and 11 solid tumors) were identified among 659 patients with all stages of Hodgkin's disease treated by members of the Southwest Oncology Group. There were no leukemias and one solid tumor among 95 patients treated with radiotherapy alone. The actuarial risk of developing acute leukemia at 7 years was 6.2% for chemotherapy alone, 6.4% for combined modality, and 7.7% for salvage chemotherapy. The incidence of acute leukemia was higher (P = 0.002) among those whose treatment began at greater than or equal to 40 years of age. The actuarial risk of leukemia in that group was 20.7% at 7 years. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that chemotherapy alone, combined modality, and salvage chemotherapy have an equivalent oncogenic potential and that patients greater than or equal to 40 years of age have an enhanced susceptibility to these oncogenic stimuli.
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PMID:Second malignancies complicating Hodgkin's disease: a Southwest Oncology Group 10-year followup. 707 30

Due to the long latency period for solid tumor induction (median 12-13 years), the radiation-induced malignancies now being observed are mostly related to the era of kilovoltage irradiation. Some tumors, such as thyroid cancer, have very low, if any, threshold dose for tumor induction. Sarcomas appear to require higher doses (approximately 100 rads) for induction. Controversy exists as to whether high doses of irradiation are less carcinogenic than lower doses due to greater cell killing at high doses. Acute leukemia has been induced by either irradiation alone or chemotherapy alone. Current intensive therapy protocols using combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or prolonged chemotherapy, are more leukemogenic, with the 4-year actuarial risk of leukemia in the range 4-17%. Immunosuppression due to various disease states or treatments had been accompanied by malignant tumors, often lymphomas in unusual sites such as the central nervous system. Unusual non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have recently been observed in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease, suggesting that some secondary neoplasms in cancer patients are related to immunosuppression.
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PMID:Adverse effects of cancer therapy. Risk of secondary neoplasms. 709 71


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