Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1974, Professor Jerzy Armata initiated the organization of a multicentre cooperative group, which later became known as the Polish Paediatric Leukaemia/Lymphoma Study Group (PPL/LSG). At first the Group included three centres headed by Professor J. Armata (Cracow), Professor U. Radwanska (Poznan) and Professor J. Boguslawska-Jaworska (Wroclaw), but gradually it extended to nine university departments of paediatric hematologic oncology. Within the past 25 years, the introduction and employment of standardized, common treatment regimens based on our experience, as well as on the results of other oncological groups in Europe and the United States, resulted in a significant improvement of therapeutic results in childhood cancer, especially of the lymphatic and haematopoetic systems. The improvement in the recovery rates was as follows: in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: from 25% to 84%, in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma recovery: from 28% to 82%, in Hodgkin's disease: from 80% to 90%. In acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia the improvement in treatment results (from 15% to 40%) was also significant but still unsatisfactory.
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PMID:[Polish Paediatric Leukaemia/Lymphoma Study Group - 25 years of activity]. 1202 58

We analysed incidence, survival and mortality from cancer among people aged 15-24 years resident in the province of Trieste, Italy, during 1972-1993, and evaluated the quality of the local diagnostic facilities and of the care provided by local hospital departments. We compared the results with those previously published on childhood cancer. We recorded 118 new cases of cancer (96% microscopically verified) corresponding to a rate, age-standardized to the world population, of 162.3 (standard error SE = 15.0) per million person-years. The diagnostic group with the highest rate was that of carcinomas (54.5; SE = 8.7; 40 cases). The diagnosis was reached at hospitals in the province of Trieste for 107 cases, with a median time of nine days (25th-75th percentile = 5-23) between admission and diagnosis. Among patients with leukaemias, lymphomas and brain tumours, this interval was longer than in children affected by the same neoplasms. One girl with cancer of the uterine cervix refused all treatment. The therapy of the other 117 cases were co-ordinated by 29 different departments of hospitals located in Trieste for 86 cases, in other Italian hospitals for 26 cases and in European hospitals for five cases. On the other hand, out of 123 childhood cancers 107 were co-ordinated by three departments in Trieste, seven by other Italian hospitals and nine by foreign hospitals. The 10-year survival probabilities of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were higher than those of patients aged 15-24 years: 66.7% (SE = 9.1) vs 14.3% (SE = 13.2) and 77.8% (SE = 13.9) vs 40.0% (SE = 21.9), respectively.
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PMID:[Malignancies among adolescents and young adults in the province of Trieste, Italy, 1972-1993]. 1219 50

This paper investigated educational achievement, employment status, living situation, marital status and offspring in 500 Dutch long-term young adults survivors of childhood cancer (age range, 16-49 years, 47% female). The results were compared with a reference group of 1092 persons with no history of cancer (age range, 15-33 years, 55% female). The impact of demographic and medical characteristics on psychosocial adjustment was studied. All participants completed a self-report questionnaire. The results showed that, although many survivors are functioning well and leading normal lives, a subgroup of survivors were less likely to complete high-school, to attain an advanced graduate degree, to follow normal elementary or secondary school and had to be enrolled more often on learning disabled programs. The percentage of employed survivors was lower than the percentage of employed controls in the comparison group, but more survivors were student or homemaker. Survivors had lower rates of marriage and parenthood, and worried more about their fertility and the risk of their children having cancer. Survivors, especially males, lived more often with their parents. Cranial irradiation dose <or=25 Gy was an important independent prognostic factor of lower educational achievement. Survivors with a history of brain/CNS tumours had a higher risk of being single than survivors with a diagnosis of leukaemia/non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These results indicate that important aspects of life are affected in a substantial number of persons who have been diagnosed with cancer during childhood or adolescence.
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PMID:Educational achievement, employment and living situation in long-term young adult survivors of childhood cancer in the Netherlands. 1267 6

To analyze the effect of cancer treatment on pregnancy, delivery and progeny of women survivors of childhood cancer, 18 of them (15 to 49 years of age) were interviewed, with diagnosis and treatment between july 1965 and December 1982 (15 from the Oncology Unit of the Children's Hospital of Buenos Aires and 3 from a private practice) and evaluated until December 2000. The following potential determinants to suffer adverse effects on pregnancy, delivery and descendence were considered: laparotomy, alkylating agents, doxorubicine, infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy. Diagnoses were: non-Hodgkin lymphoma 6, nephroblastoma 5, retinoblastoma 3, osteosarcoma 1, fibrosarcoma 1, Langerhans cell histiocytosis 2. Ten patients were laparotomized, 11 were treated with alkylating agents, 8 with doxorubicin and 7 with infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy. Twenty-eight offsprings were born. Congenital anomalies were not detected. Inherited cancer was observed in two siblings whose mother had suffered bilateral retinoblastoma. Additional follow-up from woman survivors of childhood cancer is necessary to determine the effect of cancer and its treatment on pregnancy, delivery and offspring.
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PMID:[Pregnancy of 18 women survivors of childhood cancer]. 1279 77

The link between exposure to environmental mutagens and the development of cancer is well established. Yet there is a paucity of data on the relationship between gene-environment interactions and the mechanisms associated with the somatic mutational events involved with malignant transformation, especially in children. To gain insight into somatic mutational mechanisms in children who develop cancer, we determined the background mutant frequency (Mf) in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) reporter gene of peripheral blood lymphocytes from pediatric cancer patients at the time of diagnosis and prior to therapeutic intervention. We studied 23 children with hematologic malignancies and 31 children with solid tumors prior to initial therapeutic intervention. Children with solid tumors, specifically sarcomas, and Hodgkin's disease were significantly older and had elevated HPRT Mfs (6.1 x 10(-6) and 3.7 x 10(-6), respectively) at the time of diagnosis, compared to normal controls (2.3 x 10(-6)) and other pediatric tumor groups including children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ALL/NHL, 1.7 x 10(-6)), central nervous system tumors (CNS, 3.6 x 10(-6)), and neuroblastoma (1.9 x 10(-6)). Of importance is that the significant differences observed in HPRT Mfs between these groups no longer existed after correcting for the effects of age. These data demonstrate that in children who develop cancer there appears to be no significant increase in background HPRT Mf that would indicate significant exposure to genotoxic chemicals or an underlying DNA repair defect resulting in genomic instability. In addition, these data demonstrate the importance of correcting for the effect of age when comparing the frequency of somatic mutations in children and should provide baseline data for future longitudinal biomonitoring studies on the genetic effects of chemotherapy in children treated for cancer.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of HPRT mutant frequency in children with cancer. 1287 12

Late effects of treatment for childhood cancer on the thyroid axis are ascribed predominantly to radiotherapy. Whether chemotherapy has an additional detrimental effect is still unclear. Our aim was to evaluate this effect in young adult survivors of a broad spectrum of childhood cancers. The thyroid axis in 205 childhood cancer survivors was evaluated in relation to former use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (cranial, cranio-spinal, cervical, mediastinal, or thoracic). The mean follow-up time was 17.5 yr. Damage to the thyroid axis was found in 55 patients (26.8%). Thirty-seven patients (18%) had thyroidal disease. Diagnoses varied from TSH elevation to papillary carcinoma. After multivariate analysis, high risk radiation field, irradiation dose, and the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma/Hodgkin's disease were found to be significant risk factors for developing thyroid disease. Treatment with chemotherapy did not have an additional negative effect on the thyroid axis. For the development of central (pituitary or hypothalamic) thyroid dysfunction, patients with a brain tumor were at increased risk. Chemotherapy for childhood cancer does not contribute to the damage on the thyroid axis inflicted by radiotherapy during young adulthood.
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PMID:No damaging effect of chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy on the thyroid axis in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. 1291 51

The incidences of childhood cancers in Thailand between 1995 and 1997 were determined from cancer registrations collected at five locations around the kingdom and compared with similar analyses performed at cancer registries in Asia, Europe and the USA. The incidence in Thailand was found to be lower than in some Asian and Western countries. Between 1988-1994 and 1995-1997, the incidence of childhood cancer rose 32.5%. As elsewhere in the world, leukemias, brain tumors and lymphomas comprised two-thirds of all childhood cancers. The age-peak for incidence was between 2 and 5 years, particularly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Carcinomas were rare. Several features of the cancer pattern correspond to other Asian populations, in particular the low incidence of Hodgkin s disease, Wilms tumor and Ewing s sarcoma. Neuroblastoma was more common than in neighboring Southeast Asian countries.
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PMID:Childhood cancer in Thailand: 1995-1997. 1472 93

Parental exposure to pesticides may contribute to childhood cancer risk. Through the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective study of pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina, we examined childhood cancer risk and associations with parental pesticide application. Identifying information for 17,357 children of Iowa pesticide applicators was provided by parents via questionnaires (1993-1997) and matched against the Iowa Cancer Registry. Fifty incident childhood cancers were identified (1975-1998). Risk of all childhood cancers combined was increased [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.79]. Risk of all lymphomas combined was also increased (SIR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.13-4.19), as was risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma (SIR = 2.56; 95% CI, 1.06-6.14). We used logistic regression to explore associations between self-reported parental pesticide application practices and childhood cancer risk. No association was detected between frequency of parental pesticide application and childhood cancer risk. An increased risk of cancer was detected among children whose fathers did not use chemically resistant gloves [odds ratio (OR) = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.05-3.76] compared with children whose fathers used gloves. Of 16 specific pesticides used by fathers prenatally, ORs were increased for aldrin (OR = 2.66), dichlorvos (OR = 2.06), and ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (OR = 1.91). However, these results were based on small numbers and not supported by prior biologic evidence. Identification of excess lymphoma risk suggests that farm exposures including pesticides may play a role in the etiology of childhood lymphoma.
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PMID:Cancer risk and parental pesticide application in children of Agricultural Health Study participants. 1506 73

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of meropenem plus amikacin compared with piperacillin-tazobactam plus netilmicin for initial empirical antibiotic treatment of high-risk febrile neutropenia in children with cancer. Patients with hematologic malignancy (leukemia or stage III/IV non-Hodgkin lymphoma) who presented with fever and neutropenia (ANC < 500/mm3) and patients with solid tumors who presented with fever and severe neutropenia (ANC < 100/mm3) were considered to be at high risk and eligible for this study. In this prospective study, 33 patients with 50 febrile neutropenic episodes received i.v. neropenem (20 mg/kg every 8 h) plus amikacin (15 mg/kg/d in 2 divided doses) (in 31 episodes) or piperacillin/tazobactam (100 mg/4 mg/kg every 8 h) plus netilmicin (7 mg/kg every 24 h) (in 19 episodes). Clinical response was determined at 72 h and at completion of the therapy. The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, initial ANC, use of growth factors, and classification of the infections. An infection was documented microbiologically in 12 episodes (39%) in the meropenem plus amikacin group and in 8 episodes (42%) in the piperacillin/tazobactam plus netilmicin group. Of the 22 microbiological isolates, 37% were gram-positives, 45% were gram-negatives, and 18% were fungi. Most of the clinically documented infections were of lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal mucosa, or urinary tract origin. The mean duration of neutropenia was 9 days in both groups. Fever persisted for 1-30 days (mean 3 vs. 5 days). The success rate with initial empiric therapy was 52% in the meropenem plus amikacin and 42% in the piperacillin/tazobactam plus netilmicin group, respectively (p = .5). Total success rate (with or without modification) was 97% vs. 90% in the episodes. Three patients died due to infection (1 vs. 2 patients). No major adverse effects were observed in each group. Empirical therapy with meropenem plus amikacin or piperacillin/tazobactam plus netilmicin for high-risk febrile neutropenia is equally effective and safe in pediatric cancer patients.
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PMID:Meropenem plus amikacin versus piperacillin-tazobactam plus netilmicin as empiric therapy for high-risk febrile neutropenia in children. 1516 May 10

Constitutional molecular defects are known to play a role in oncogenesis, as shown by the increased incidence of embryonic cancers in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) or of leukemia in children with Down syndrome. To establish the incidence and spectrum of malformation syndromes associated with childhood cancer we performed a clinical morphological examination on a series of 1,073 children with cancer. We diagnosed a syndrome in 42 patients (3.9%) and suspected the presence of a syndrome in another 35 patients (3.3%), for a total of 7.2%. This incidence of patients with a proven or suspected syndrome is high, and points to a possible association. We describe new syndrome-tumor associations in several entities: cleidocranial dysostosis (Wilms tumor), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) (acute lymphoblastic leukemia), Kabuki syndrome (neuroblastoma), LEOPARD syndrome (neuroblastoma), Poland anomaly (osteosarcoma; Hodgkin disease), and blepharophimosis epicanthus inversus syndrome (Burkitt lymphoma). Twenty of the 42 syndrome diagnoses were not recognized in the patients prior to this study, indicating that these diagnoses are commonly missed. We propose that all children with a malignancy should be examined by a clinical geneticist or a pediatrician skilled in clinical morphology to determine if the patients have a malformation syndrome.
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PMID:High incidence of malformation syndromes in a series of 1,073 children with cancer. 1653 61


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