Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In recent years, epidemiological methods have been used increasingly to study the carcinogenicity of drugs used in the chemotherapy of cancer. Such studies are useful to clinicians in identifying therapeutic agents with particular long-term risk to patients. They can also provide information on the dose- and time-related risks of cancer in one of the few human populations intentionally exposed to known levels of carcinogens. Aspects of epidemiological studies of second cancer risk are described, including sources of cases, study design, statistical methods, and possible biases. Results from a cohort study of second cancers following ovarian cancer, testicular cancer and Hodgkin's disease and from a case-control study of leukaemia following Hodgkin's disease are also given.
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PMID:Epidemiological studies of anticancer drug carcinogenicity. 358 90

In an attempt to cross-validate the results with cancer survivors and to test its sensitivity to illness-related variables, the Death Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ) was administered with measures of general anxiety, depression, somatization, and global psychological distress to 90 young adult men (60 Hodgkin's disease survivors, 30 testicular cancer survivors). There were no differences between groups on any of the dependent measures. Significant but weak to moderate intercorrelations confirmed that death anxiety is separate but related to general anxiety, depression, somatic distress, and global psychological distress. The DAQ was the most highly correlated with time elapsed since diagnosis, but no measure was significantly associated with extent of the disease at diagnosis (i.e., prognosis). Factor analysis of the DAQ provided confirmation of its multidimensionality and lent partial support to the presence of previously reported specific dimensions. The factor structure of the DAQ in cancer survivors may be different from that in the general population. Further study is needed to examine this aspect.
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PMID:Death anxiety in cancer survival: a preliminary cross-validation study. 365 59

The risk of second primary malignancy was assessed in a population-based cohort study of all persons registered with Hodgkin's disease (n = 2,970), ovarian cancer (n = 11,802) and testicular cancer (n = 2,013) in the South Thames Cancer Registry during the period 1961-80, to identify for further study those second malignancies which might be treatment-related. A total of 244 second malignancies was observed. After adjustment for age, sex and calendar period, the relative risk of any second malignancy was 1.4 (90% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.7) after Hodgkin's disease, 1.1 (90% CI 1.0-1.2) after ovarian cancer and 0.7 (90% CI 0.5-1.0) after testicular cancer. In particular, the relative risk for leukaemia was 11.9 after Hodgkin's disease, 3.7 after ovarian cancer and 2.5 after testicular cancer. Excess risks were also observed for cancers of the cervix and lung after Hodgkin's disease, for cancers of the breast, lung and rectum after ovarian cancer, and for contralateral testicular cancer. Confounding by social class or smoking does not explain these observations. The excess risks of leukaemia and of second cancer were higher in patients first diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease and ovarian cancer in the 1970s than for those first diagnosed in the 1960s. Increased use of multiple-agent chemotherapy regimes for these tumours in the 1970s may have contributed to these increases in excess risk.
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PMID:Second primary malignancy after Hodgkin's disease, ovarian cancer and cancer of the testis: a population-based cohort study. 366 81

Marrow transplantation is effective treatment for a number of hematological diseases in patients under the age of 50 who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. It is successful in the treatment of aplastic anemia with 70-85% long-term survival. It offers 10-30% apparent cures for patients with acute leukemia who have relapsed at least once, and for those with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. Although still somewhat controversial, it appears to be the treatment of choice for patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first chemotherapy induced remission, and for those with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase since approximately 50-60% of these patients experience long-term, disease-free survival. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia grafted in second or subsequent remission may expect a 30% "cure" of their disease. Marrow grafting is the only effective treatment for many patients with inherited immunologic deficiencies and certain genetic storage diseases. Cures of congenital Fanconi's anemia, Blackfan-Diamond anemia, osteopetrosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and thalassemia major have been achieved. Marrow transplantation is being explored for the therapy of patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, preleukemia, multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and neuroblastoma. Marrow transplantation has been limited by the fact that many patients do not have HLA-identical siblings and very few have monozygotic twins. More recently, marrow transplants from HLA-nonidentical family members and even from unrelated donors have been successfully explored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Marrow transplantation: the Seattle experience. 391 47

Twenty patients with pulmonary complications associated with combination chemotherapy regimens containing bleomycin were studied to determine common patterns of pulmonary radiographic abnormalities. All patients were receiving bleomycin on one of two different regimens of combination chemotherapy. Ten patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma received a relatively low dose (22-64 mg total) and 10 patients with testicular cancer received a higher dose (360 mg total). The high-dose group showed subclinical radiographic lung toxicity changes in eight (80%) patients during and after therapy. Chronic pulmonary abnormalities were seen in nine (90%) patients in the high-dose group but in only three (30%) patients in the low-dose group. These was no significant difference in the pattern and distribution of lung infiltrates in these two groups. Infiltrates involving mainly the costophrenic triangle were seen in 18 (90%) patients; in six (33%) of these the changes were confined to the costophrenic triangles bilaterally and nearly symmetrically. Five (25%) patients had infiltrates at the periphery of the lungs. Elevation of the diaphragm was seen in 16 (80%) patients. A pleural reaction without gross effusion was seen in nine (45%) patients, of whom five (55%) demonstrated thickening of the interlobar fissures. Chronic lung changes were mostly confined to the bases in the form of failure of reexpansion of the costophrenic triangle (55%), persistent elevation of the diaphragm (35%), and a reticular meshwork of fibrosis at the costophrenic triangles (25%). Minimal lung disease was manifest as ground glass appearance at the lung bases and as fine, linear or reticulonodular densities that involved the costophrenic triangles.
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PMID:Pulmonary complications of chemotherapy regimens containing bleomycin. 618 Jun 18

Since 1970, we have carried out cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cooperation with Japanese scientists, particularly Prof. H. Umezawa, who has generously supplied bleomycin, peplomycin, acalcinomycin A (ACM), THP-adriamycin (THP), neothramycin and bestatin. Malignant tumors curable by pharmacotherapy are polycythemia vera (CR 100%), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (CR 80%), Burkitt tumor (CR 80 or 50%), Hodgkin disease (CR 80%), chorioepithelioma (CR 80%), testicular cancer (CR 80%), ovary cancer of children (CR 80%), Wilms renal cancer (CR 60%), rhabdomyosarcoma (CR 75%), osteosarcoma (CR 60%), Ewing tumor (CR 60%), brain tumor of children (CR greater than 50%), testicular embryonal cancer of children (CR greater than 50%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (CR 50%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (CR 50%), ovary cancer of adults (CR 40%), small cell lung cancer (CR 20%) and breast cancer. Our experimental and/or clinical experience with ACM, THP, methoxy-9-ellipticine lactate, navelbine, 4-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-beta-d-ethyledene glucoside, bestatin and interferon is presented. ACM is effective against AML, ALL, NHL, Burkitt tumor, breast cancer. We have comparatively investigated cardiac and dermal toxicity of 12 kinds of anthracycline antibiotics and mitoxantrone, using golden hamsters. Of the drugs examined, ACM, THP, AD-32 and AD-143 cause much less cardiomyopathy and alopecia than the other agents. The results have been confirmed by electron microscopic studies. Bestatin is an immunorestorator, which recovers immunological functions decreased in aged animals. We hope that cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy will progress in future and contribute to cure of neoplasms. Japanese scientists have been making a great contribution in the field of cancer pharmacotherapy, and we are eager to cooperate with Japanese scientists in cancer treatment studies.
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PMID:[Japanese-French cooperation in tumor pharmacotherapy: 1970-1990]. 619 71

Marrow transplantation is effective treatment for a number of haematological diseases in patients under the age of 50 who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. It is generally successful when used early in the treatment of aplastic anaemia. It is the only treatment that offers long-term disease-free survival for patients with acute leukaemia who have relapsed at least once, with 10-30 per cent apparent cures. Although still somewhat controversial, it appears also to be the treatment of choice for patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia in first chemotherapy induced remission and for those with chronic myelogenous leukaemia in the chronic phase since approximately 50-60 per cent of these patients are surviving after marrow transplantation in complete remission, apparently cured. Marrow grafting is the only effective treatment for many patients with inherited immunological-deficiency diseases and certain genetic storage diseases. It is being explored for the therapy of patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, small-cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and genetic disorders of haematopoiesis. Cures of congenital Fanconi anaemia, Blackfan-Diamond anaemia, osteopetrosis, and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria have been achieved by marrow grafting. Genetic disorders associated with haemolytic anaemia and cyclic neutropenia have been cured by marrow grafting in animals. Target disorders for marrow transplantation in humans are thalassaemia major and sickle cell disease, and, indeed, a first successful transplant for treatment of thalassaemia major has recently been described (Thomas et al, 1982). Marrow transplantation has been limited by the fact that many patients do not have HLA-identical siblings and very few have monozygotic twins. The Seattle team has now explored the use of less well-matched family member donors in more than 80 patients with leukaemia. These donors share one HLA haplotype genetically with the patient and are phenotypically identical at two of the three major HLA loci on the other HLA haplotype (Clift et al, 1979). Overall, the post-transplant survival appears more a reflection of the type and stage of the leukaemia than of the marrow donor. Patients with leukaemia grafted in relapse have a projected survival of 20-30 per cent and those transplanted in remission of 50 per cent. The incidence and severity of GVHD may not be significantly different from that of patients given HLA-identical sibling marrow grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Application of bone marrow transplantation in leukaemia and aplastic anaemia. 635 79

We describe the onset of psychotic depression in a young man receiving intensive therapy for Hodgkin's disease. We have found other examples of psychiatric disturbance in the course of reviewing the charts of 40 men with Hodgkin's disease and 20 with testicular cancer. We propose that patients with oncologic disease and their families receive counseling before initiation of treatment and be advised about the availability of psychiatric help should it become necessary.
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PMID:Psychiatric disturbance in Hodgkin's disease. 661 84

Rosenberg et al discovered in the coordination complexes of platinum a new, novel type of potential antitumor agent. Cisplatin [cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II)4 proved active against a variety of rodent tumors and acted synergistically when combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. Initial clinical tests by Hill et al in 1971, showed cisplatin to be active against malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and certain other malignancies. Significant nephrotoxicity, nausea, and vomiting were noted. Since then, cisplatin has been tested alone and in combination chemotherapy and has proven an efficacious anticancer agent in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, ovarian carcinoma, disseminated testicular cancer, and others. Its therapeutic value was acknowledged when approved in 1978 by the U.S. FDA for treatment of the latter cancer. The current clinical literature indicates clearly that the full potential of this drug has not yet been realized. Hydration and diuresis have served to mitigate much of the nephrotoxicity, while significant strides toward amelioration of the nausea and vomiting have also been achieved. Literally, thousands of chemically-related congeners have been synthesized, and many have shown marked potency against rodent tumors. Very few, however, have been evaluated clinically, vis-a-vis malonato trans(-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II); this appears a most promising and fertile area of future investigation.
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PMID:Organo-platinum complexes as antitumor agents (review). 675 Dec 11

Although combination chemotherapy has had a significant impact on survival for malignancies such as Hodgkin's disease, testicular cancer, and childhood acute leukemias, the majority of cancers are either initially resistant to chemotherapy (renal, colon, etc.) or are initially chemosensitive but acquire resistance during treatment, such as lymphoma and breast cancer. Resistance to chemotherapy remains an obstacle to the successful treatment of human cancer and has been the subject of numerous investigations aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms of resistance in cancer cells. An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which tumor cells develop resistance to chemotherapy may not only enhance the activity of cytotoxic therapy in advanced malignancies but may ultimately improve the impact of adjuvant therapy, potentially resulting in prolonging disease-free intervals and survival. In this review, therefore, we discuss our current understanding of the MDR1 gene, encoding P-glycoprotein, which is responsible for one mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR). We also review the evidence supporting the clinical relevance of the MDR1 gene and clinical trials aimed at reversing MDR-mediated resistance. Although MDR-mediated drug resistance has been well characterized in preclinical models, its role in clinical drug resistance is not as well characterized and requires further investigation. Prospective studies are necessary to establish the role of MDR1 gene expression in the clinical resistance. The ability to identify tumors with increased MDR1 gene expression has several potential applications (for example, the prediction of response to chemotherapy and the design of studies aimed at reversal of resistance with agents that inhibit MDR-mediated drug efflux). The initial goal of such trials is to demonstrate the ability to reverse MDR1-mediated drug resistance in the appropriate advanced refractory malignancies. Ultimately, it will be important to incorporate these reversal strategies in the treatment of early-stage disease, at which time the tumor burden is smaller and fewer mechanisms of resistance may be present. Prospective phase I, II, and III clinical trials using reversing agents in conjunction with chemotherapy in malignancies that express the MDR1 gene, such as the hematologic malignancies and breast cancer, are necessary before routine use of agents such as verapamil, quinidine, and cyclosporine, which carry innate toxicities. MDR is a mechanism of drug resistance that provides the potential for an alteration in drug efflux, which may have a significant impact on response and possibly result in improved survival for some cancer patients.
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PMID:Clinical reversal of drug resistance. 760 Aug 45


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