Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-eight primary malignant lymphomas of the CNS exclusively confined to the brain and its leptomeninges from a series of about 8000 intracranial neoplasms (incidence 0.85%) were examined and classified according to current histopathologic criteria. Average age at onset of symptoms was 55 years, mean duration of illness to time of diagnosis was 3 months. Survival averaged 1,8 months with supportive care, but 17,2 months with surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. CSF cytology was useful and reliable tool for clinical diagnosis. The cerebral hemispheres were affected in about 50%, the basal ganglia in 18%, posterior fossa in 10%, while multifocal lesions amounted to 22%. All CNS tumors were of the diffuse type of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; no follicular (germinal center) lymphomas were observed. Three histological patterns comparable to extraneural lymphomas were distinguished: Immunoblastoma (reticulosarcoma) occurred most frequently (58.8%), lympho-plasmacytoid immunocytoma constituted 28 percent, while lymphoblastic lymphoma occurred least frequently (13.2%). There were no significant differences with regard to onset, location, growth pattern or clinical course except for a much poorer prognosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma. Although there are no definite cytological differences between malignant lymphomas arising in extraneural sites or as primary lesions in the CNS, the latter showed a much greater proportion of phagocyting histiocytes (and microglia) and a frequent occurrence of plasmacytes and their precursors which apparently exceded pure host reaction. The prognostic value of modern classification schemes for CNS lymphomas needs further critical evaluation.
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PMID:Primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system in man. 109 80

During six-month period, 102 consecutive episodes of fever in 68 children (ranging from 1 month to 14 years of age) with malignant diseases were prospectively evaluated. Sixty-five had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, nine had acute myeloblastic leukemia, nine had malignant lymphoma (four Hodgkin and five non-Hodgkin), five had chronic myeloid leukemia, four had rhabdomyosarcoma, three had CNS tumors, two had neuroblastoma, one had Wilms, and four had other malignant tumors. Forty cases (39.2%) showed severe neutropenia (500 neutrophil/m3) during the episode. S. aureus, E. coli, and S. pyogenes were in 53% of the 75 microbiologic isolates. Twenty-two percent of the viral studies were positive. Mycologic studies were all negative, except one case with C. Albicans. Pneumonia (33 cases), cellulitis (15 cases), pharyngitis (12 cases), and varicella (11 cases) were the most common final diagnosis. Seventy-one percent of the episodes were etiologically documented (by bacterial isolate, characteristic serology, and/or typical clinic picture); 19% of the febrile episodes were probable infections, and 10% were fever of uncertain cause. Ninety percent of the cases responded well to therapy, and mortality of this series was 7%. Gentamicin, Carbenicillin, and Methicilin were the more common antibiotics employed. We conclude that in our population 1) infection is a frequent cause of morbidity in children with malignant diseases; 2) the most common cause of the febrile episodes is bacterial infection; 3) S. aureus, E. coli and S. pyrogenes are the most frequent bacterial isolates, and P. aeruginosa is infrequent; 4)viral infections are relatively frequent in this group of children; and 5) with adequate management, the mortality is low.
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PMID:Infections in children with malignant disease in Argentina. 722 35

To evaluate the incidence of second malignant tumors in a cohort of subjects previously treated for childhood cancer, we analyzed data from the Off-Therapy Registry (OTR) of the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, which collects information on children treated for Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Wilms' tumor, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute non-lymphatic leukemia and who had been removed from treatment in the absence of clinical signs of disease, i.e. the off-therapy stage. Second malignant tumors (SMT), diagnosed before December 31, 1988, were identified through a special enquiry to the 36 institutions cooperating in the registry. Observed cases were compared to expected numbers estimated from age- and sex-specific incidence rates derived from the Cancer Registry of the Province of Varese. In a total of 3,310 study subjects, 27 SMTs have been registered. The Cumulative Risk (CR) of SMT was 2.9% 15 years after the end of treatment and the Standard Incidence Ratio (SIR) was 10.8. The ALL sub-cohort had the highest risk of SMT (SIR 13.6) and 9 cases of CNS tumor occurred in this group (SIR 58.9). All 9 had received prophylactic cranial radiotherapy (CRT) and 5 had been treated on one protocol, characterized by low-dose intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTX) given monthly for 2 years after CRT. The Off-Therapy Registry has unique criteria for inclusion; direct comparisons with similar studies are therefore somewhat problematic. However, our data suggest that the risk of SMT in childhood ALL cancer survivors may be greater than previously reported, and that CNS tumors are the most common SMT in this group. The administration schedule of IT MTX may be an important risk factor.
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PMID:Second malignant tumors after elective end of therapy for a first cancer in childhood: a multicenter study in Italy. 796 Feb 10

As the cure rate for childhood malignancies increases, the number of patients at risk for development of second malignancies also increases. Due to the potentially long remaining life span, long-term follow-up is difficult and patients are often at risk after presumptive cures. Some authors believe that cure rates for second malignancies are similar to cure rates for primary malignancies. We reviewed the records of 162 patients seen at our institution who had developed a second malignancy after treatment for childhood cancer. Presentation, age at diagnosis, tumor histology, extent of tumor, treatment (including radiotherapy with dosage when available, and chemotherapy) plus outcome were recorded. Mean age at diagnosis of the primary malignancy was 10.3 years. The most common primary malignancy was Hodgkin's disease (33) followed by soft tissue sarcoma (28), retinoblastoma (20), bone tumor (17), central nervous system (CNS) tumor (13), leukemia (8), Wilms' tumor (7), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6), neuroblastoma (5), thyroid neoplasm (5), and others (20). The average interval between diagnosis of the first and second malignancy was 10.8 years. These second tumors carried a high mortality. Only 56 patients have no evidence of disease. Five patients are known to be alive with disease and 92 patients have expired due to their second malignancy. Disease status in 8 patients is unknown. The most common second malignancy was osteosarcoma (35) followed by soft tissue sarcoma (24), breast cancer (15), leukemia (14), thyroid carcinoma (14), CNS tumors (12), melanoma (8), nonmelanomatous skin cancer (8), lymphoma (5), and others (27).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Forty-year experience with second malignancies after treatment of childhood cancer: analysis of outcome following the development of the second malignancy. 826 99

A retrospective analysis of 515 pediatric cancer cases diagnosed over 18 years, 1973-1990, showed an annual incidence of pediatric solid tumors in northern Israel of 77.1 per million, somewhat lower than previously reported. Lymphomas predominated over central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, suggesting an Afro-Asian rather than a Western pattern. Jewish and non-Jewish children were at approximately equal risk (1:07:1.0) for the nonleukemic cancer. However, there was a notably higher frequency in males than females (1:42:1.0) and in Ashkenasi Jews as compared to either Sephardi Jews (1.25:1.00) or non-Jews (1.23:1.0). Ethnic, age, and sex predispositions for particular types of malignancy were also noted. Non-Jews tended to have lymphomas or retinoblastomas and Sephardi Jews were predisposed to soft tissue sarcomas. Ashkenasi Jews tended to manifest CNS tumors, retinoblastoma, and osteosarcoma. Children under 5 years showed Burkitt's lymphoma and neuroblastoma, whereas the older group tended to have Hodgkin's lymphoma. Boys were more vulnerable to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, and girls were subject to higher incidences of bone, gonadal, germ cell, and epithelial tumors, as well as to astrocytoma. The implications for genetic or environmental contributions to several cancers are considered in conjunction with ethnic or gender predisposition to those cancers.
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PMID:Patterns of childhood solid tumor incidence in northern Israel, 1973-1990. 938 5

The clotting factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) has been shown to be present both in tumor cells and in tumor-associated macrophages of different neoplasms such as Hodgkin's disease, giant cell tumor of bone, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, meningeal tumors, and hemangiopericytoma. The biological significance of these findings, however, are still unclear. This study investigates the immunohistochemical distribution of FXIIIa in 186 tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in order to evaluate its possible diagnostic or prognostic significance in neuro-oncology. High-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma, gliosarcoma, astrocytoma (grade III WHO), and ependymoma (III) as well as meningiomas and meningeal hemangiopericytomas consistently contained factor XIIIa-positive cells, whereas low-grade glial tumors did not do so. One desmoplastic medulloblastoma and one anaplastic schwannoma also showed FXIIIa-positive cells. With the exception of hemangiopericytomas, however, the major source of FXIIIa expression in all these tumors consisted of a subpopulation of tumor-associated macrophages, the exact role of which still remains unclear. Because of its non-discriminatory staining in a wide variety of CNS tumors, the differential diagnostic contribution of FXIIIa in neuro-oncology seems to be limited.
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PMID:Factor XIIIa-immunoreactivity in tumors of the central nervous system. 956 29

Although two-thirds of tumors occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) are primary neoplasms, only 10% of positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens are from primary CNS tumors. In this study, we reviewed the cytologic findings of 21 positive CSF specimens from primary CNS tumors. A computer search identified 21 cases of positive CSF specimens from patients with primary CNS tumors from the archives. Follow-up included review of medical charts and histologic correlation. The specimens were from 20 patients (9 females and 11 males). Their ages ranged from 6-83 yr, old with a mean of 30 yr. The cases included 9 medulloblastomas, 7 gliomas (3 glioblastoma multiformes, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 2 ependymomas), 2 germinomas, 2 non-Hodgkin's large B-cell lymphomas, and 1 ganglioneurocytoma. Two cases were classified as suspicious and the remaining as positive for malignancy. Immunocytochemistry was employed in 3 cases to support the cytologic diagnosis. These cases included one large-cell lymphoma (leukocyte-common antigen-positive), one germinoma (placental alkaline phosphatase-positive), and the ganglioneurocytoma (neuron-specific enolase- and synaptophysin-positive). There were no false-positive cases. Our results suggest that positive CSF cytology in patients with a primary CNS tumor is a reliable indicator of malignancy and reflects leptomeningeal involvement. The use of immunocytochemistry is helpful in confirming the cytologic impression in some cases.
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PMID:Cytology of primary central nervous system neoplasms in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. 1193 64

Direct extension and hematogenous metastasis of primary non-CNS malignant tumors to the CNS are rare complications in children. The authors analyzed the incidence and outcome of these complications in Hungary. During a 14-year period between 1989 and 2002, 406 patients younger than 18 years were studied at Semmelweis University, Second Department of Pediatrics, in Budapest. Among the 406 patients with non-CNS solid tumors, nine hematogenous metastases and five direct tumor extensions to the CNS occurred. Primary tumors included rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, tumors of the Ewing sarcoma family, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and malignant chordoma. Mean interval between the initial diagnosis and the diagnosis of CNS involvement was 11.4 months. Despite intensive treatment, the mean survival after detection of CNS involvement was 10.4 months. The frequency of CNS involvement in non-CNS tumors is low, with a very poor survival.
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PMID:Incidence and survival of central nervous system involvement in childhood malignancies: Hungarian experience. 1575 Apr 42

The young age at onset of many cancers in childhood has led to investigations on maternal exposures during pregnancy. Data from a population-based case-control study in Germany (1992-1997) that included 1,867 cases and 2,057 controls was used to investigate this question. Maternal use of vitamin, folate or iron supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and tumors and, less clearly, with leukemia, but not with CNS tumors. An increased risk of neuroblastoma was associated most markedly with diuretics and other antihypertensives, but also with vitamin, folate or iron supplementation. No associations were seen with pain relievers, antinauseants or cold medications, nor with delivery by Caesarian section. The strengths of this study are its population base, the large number of cases and the inclusion of different case groups to identify disease specificity of associations. The limitation of this study is an exposure assessment relying on maternal self-reports. In conclusion, these data indicate a potential influence of some maternal medication during pregnancy on the risk of childhood cancer in the offspring; however, no clear picture is seen.
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PMID:Medication use during pregnancy and the risk of childhood cancer in the offspring. 1734 98

The German Childhood Cancer Registry regularly presents graphs of childhood cancer incidence rates by period, but no systematic analysis. The Automated Childhood Cancer Information System-project found an increasing trend in Europe. Against this background we present the first detailed trend analysis of childhood (aged under 15) malignancies in Germany. We examined incidence rates separately in western Germany 1987-2004 and eastern Germany 1991-2004. We analyzed all malignancies, all main diagnostic groups and relevant subsets using an age-period-cohort model. Additionally we fitted fractional polynomials to assess the linearity of the drift. All malignancies combined (excluding Central Nervous System-tumors and neuroblastoma) show a significant trend: +0.7% in western and +1.1% per year in eastern Germany. The overall trend in Germany is mostly due to the significant increase in lymphoid leukemia, which increased significantly in western Germany (+0.7% per year) and significantly nonlinearly in eastern Germany (+3.3% per year until 1998, +0.8% since 1998), catching up from a level 20% below western Germany. This could be due to life style changes since the reunification in eastern Germany influencing early immune system training. We found no trends for acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease shows a cohort effect in western Germany after reunification. Improved registration of CNS tumors led to an increase. Neuroblastoma yielded a period effect in western Germany due to screening. With the exception of germ cell tumors, further observations for solid tumor entities are in agreement with those reported for Europe.
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PMID:Temporal trends in the incidence rate of childhood cancer in Germany 1987-2004. 1807 67


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