Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary extranodal lymphoma manifestation in the narrow sense is the term used to define the primary organ manifestation of a malignant lymphoma, excluding the thymus, spleen, Waldeyer's tonsillar ring, the appendix and Peyer's patches. However, in the clinical routine the term is also used for the secondary organ manifestation of underlying lymphoproliferative disease. Primary extranodal lymphomas are mainly non-Hodgkin lymphomas; there is primary extranodal manifestation of Hodgkin's disease in only about 1% of the cases. Among the extranodal NHL, the highly malignant forms predominate. A major exception is MALT lymphomas, which mainly show low slow growth. In the past, they were considered to be pseudolymphomas because of their slow and localized tumor growth. They were included as an entity of their own for the first time in the Revised European American Lymphoma (REAL) classification of 1994. The incidence data vary between < 10% and 25% for primary extranodal manifestation. The major reason for this is the difference in extranodal regions because of classification. Secondary organ involvement of an NHL occurs in up to 40% of the cases in the long-term course of the disease in primary nodal lymphomas. Secondary organ involvement is frequently diagnosed in AIDS patients who develop an AIDS-related lymphoma (85% of cases). The following contribution reports on the radiological imaging of extranodal lymphoma manifestation in the thoracoabdominal region.
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PMID:[Radiologic diagnosis of primary extranodal lymphoma manifestations]. 915 74

Mitoguazone (methylglyoxal bisguanylhydrazone, methyl-GAG or MGBG) is a synthetic polycarbonyl derivative with activity in patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, head and neck cancer, prostate cancer, and esophageal cancer. Mitoguazone has also recently been documented to have activity in patients with AIDS-related lymphoma. Among anticancer drugs, mitoguazone has a unique mechanism of action via interference with the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Polyamines stabilize DNA structure by non-covalent cross-bridging between phosphate groups on opposite strands. In addition, mitoguazone causes uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. In this study, the ability of mitoguazone to induce apoptosis by inhibiting the polyamine pathway was assessed in three Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines (Raji, Ramos and Daudi) and one prostate carcinoma cell line (MPC 3). Additional evaluations were performed in two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 with wild-type p53 and VM4K with mutated p53) to determine whether the p53 tumor suppressor gene was required for efficient apoptosis induction. The present study demonstrated that mitoguazone induces apoptosis in all the different human cancer cell lines tested in a concentration- and time-dependent way, and triggers a p53-independent programmed cell death in the human breast cancer MCF7 cell line.
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PMID:Mitoguazone induces apoptosis via a p53-independent mechanism. 977 8

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus which establishes life-long latency in the B-lymphocytes of infected individuals. Epstein-Barr virus is associated with Hodgkin's disease, AIDS-associated lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). In PTLD, the onset of malignancy correlates with a rise in EBV load. The relationship between malignancy and EBV load in other EBV-associated malignancies is not known. Epstein-Bar virus latency is associated with the expression of a limited set of viral transcripts. The most numerous of these are the EBERs (Epstein-Barr early RNAs). The high copy number of the EBERs in each latently infected cell led the author to combine serial dilution of lymphocytes with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for EBER-1 as a means to rapidly quantitate EBV load. The highest viral load was seen in a bone marrow transplant patient, where one in 3906 lymphocytes harboured EBV. Elevated viral load was seen in two solid-organ transplant patients. Viral loads in healthy volunteers ranged from less than one in 1x10(6) to one in 6.25x10(4). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for EBER-1 in serial lymphocyte dilutions should allow the relationship of EBV load and malignancy to be examined in a number of disease settings and should also provide a quantitative picture of the impact of anti-viral therapy.
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PMID:Determination of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load by RT-PCR and cellular dilution. 984 61

The EBER RNAs are the most numerous viral transcripts in latently infected lymphocytes in healthy individuals and also in the tumor cells of Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies. A rise in EBV load in peripheral blood has been associated with the onset of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in immunocompromised patients. Treatment of PTLD with adoptive immunotherapy has made the rapid and accurate determination of EBV load essential. The relationship between EBV load and other EBV-associated malignancies, like Hodgkin's disease or AIDS-associated lymphoma, is unknown. In order to define viral load based on the number of EBV-infected cells in the peripheral blood, we developed a method which combines cellular dilution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the direct detection of EBER-1 RNA with DNA dendrimers. DNA dendrimers are large scaffolds of DNA which give at least a 500 1000-fold increase in detection of membrane bound nucleic acid over oilgonucleotide probes. The use of a novel class of these nucleic acid superstructures is described as a specific probe for EBER-1 detection. When two PTLD patients were analyzed for viral load with DNA dendrimers, at least one in 250000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were shown to be infected with EBV.
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PMID:Detection of Epstein-Barr virus EBER sequence in post-transplant lymphoma patients with DNA dendrimers. 1009 39

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma often present with multiple poor prognostic features, including significant tumor burden, advanced immunosuppression, and other concurrent morbidities. Strategies to manage such complex multiple-disease cases have often incorporated the assumption that prospects for long-term survival are poor and that intensive therapy cannot be tolerated and so is not justified. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection, life expectancy has improved substantially for patients in whom the virus can be successfully suppressed. Thus, for complicated cases involving AIDS-associated malignancy, a reassessment of treatment strategies and the potential for long-term survival is warranted. Here, we present the case of a patient with poor prognosis due to AIDS-associated lymphoma with leptomeningeal involvement, advanced immunosuppression, and deep venous thrombosis. The management of this case illustrates that a multidisciplinary approach to complex AIDS cases involving malignancy and concurrent morbidity can result in a return to functional health in affected patients. Successful strategies for achieving favorable outcomes currently exist with available therapies.
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PMID:HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma: incidence, presentation, and prognosis. 1130 2

This review addresses various aspects of HIV infection pertinent to hematology, including the consequences of HIV infection on specific aspects of hematopoiesis and an update on the current biologic, epidemiologic and therapeutic aspects of AIDS-related lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. The results of the expanding use of progenitor cell transplantation in HIV infected patients are also reviewed. In Section I, Dr. Scadden reviews the basis for HIV dysregulation of blood cell production, focusing on the role of the stem cell in HIV disease. T cell production and thymic function are discussed, with emphasis placed upon the mechanisms of immune restoration in HIV infected individuals. Results of clinical and correlative laboratory studies are presented. In Section II, Dr. Levine reviews the recent epidemiologic trends in the incidence of lymphoma, since the widespread availability of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). The biologic aspects of AIDS-lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease are discussed in terms of pathogenesis of disease. Various treatment options for these disorders and the role of concomitant anti-retroviral and chemotherapeutic intervention are addressed. Drs. Zaia and Krishnan will review the area of stem cell transplantation in patients with AIDS related lymphoma, presenting updated information on clinical results of this procedure. Additionally, they report on the use of gene therapy, with peripheral blood CD34+ cells genetically modified using a murine retrovirus, as a means to treat underlying HIV infection. Results of gene transfer experiments and subsequent gene marking in HIV infected patients are reviewed.
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PMID:Hematologic Aspects of HIV/AIDS. 1172 99

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a wide variety of benign and neoplastic diseases. EBV viral load assays that may prove useful in rapid assessment of disease status are now available. The two most common approaches to viral load measurement are quantitative, competitive PCR, and real-time PCR. Laboratory studies have shown that these assays are sensitive and specific for measuring EBV DNA in blood samples. Clinical investigations suggest a role for viral load measurement in predicting and monitoring EBV-associated tumors, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, Hodgkin's disease, and AIDS-related lymphoma. These new laboratory tools show promise in improving clinical management of affected patients.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr viral load measurement as a marker of EBV-related disease. 1177 93

Interleukin-10 (IL10) may contribute to the development of non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma, especially in the context of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), where lymphoma incidence is greatly increased. Utilizing specimens from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) obtained prior to diagnosis of AIDS-associated lymphoma, detectable serum human IL10 was seen much more frequently in lymphoma cases (n = 61, 26%) compared to CD4-matched AIDS controls (5%, P = 0.004), or to HIV-infected (2%, P = 0.002) or HIV uninfected subjects (0%, P = 0.0003). In longitudinal studies, detectable IL10 occurred at times closest to but preceding lymphoma diagnosis (P = 0.01). In an independent genetic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of the IL10 gene in 1157 MACS subjects, a high IL10-expressing genotype (-592 C/C) was overrepresented among lymphoma subjects (P = 0.009), even when controlling for race (P = 0.006). These results suggest that elevated serum IL10 or the IL10 promoter -592 C/C genotype are associated with development of AIDS lymphoma.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with increased serum levels of IL10, or the IL10 promoter -592 C/C genotype. 1459 10

Despite advances in HAART, patients with HIV infection remain at significantly increased risk for intermediate- and high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The reasons for this persistent risk and the clinical and molecular correlates that predict outcomes and treatment responsiveness are areas of active investigation. Here we review the epidemiologic and pathobiologic features of AIDS-related lymphoma along with clinical evaluation and treatment options in patients with this disease.
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PMID:AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma: still a problem in the era of HAART. 1557 Jun 72

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at greater risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma than the general population and aggressive B-cell lymphoma has become one of the most common of the initial acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses. This review considers the prognostic factors and new approaches to the treatment of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL). As highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became available, the survival of many ARL patients has become comparable to that of HIV-negative patients. This is partly due to the decrease in the incidence of opportunistic infections and improved prognosis. Both developments can also be attributed to new treatment strategies for ARL, such as the use of effective infusional regimens, Rituximab combinations and high-dose therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed disease. However, unresolved issues persist, such as the optimal therapy for patients with Burkitt ARL or central nervous system involvement.
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PMID:Modern management of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV-infected patients. 1722 46


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