Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monoclonal antibody Leu-22 represents an effective reagent for detection of neoplastic and nonneoplastic T-cells in paraffin sections of routinely processed tissues (242 specimens evaluated). In nonneoplastic tissues, immunoreactivity was localized mainly to lymphoid cells corresponding to a T-cell distribution. Immunoreactivity in lymphoid neoplasms, however, was preferentially, but not exclusively, limited to T-cell populations. Fifty-four of 60 T-cell neoplasms (90%) of various histologic types were Leu-22 positive. The pattern of immunoreactivity consisted mainly of membrane staining, with focal weak cytoplasmic positivity. Twenty-five of 67 B-cell neoplasms (37%) were also Leu-22 positive, with low-grade lymphomas (well/moderately well-differentiated lymphocytic types) representing most immunoreactive cases. In Hodgkin's disease, although most small lymphoid cells were Leu-22 positive, only rare Reed-Sternberg cells were immunoreactive. In all cases, histiocytes and myeloid cells exhibited variable immunoreactivity. The epitope identified by Leu-22 was detectable in formalin- and B5-fixed tissues but apparently was denatured after fixation in Zenker's-acetic acid solution used for bone marrow biopsies. Evaluation of a wide variety of nonhematopoietic neoplasms (64 total) revealed diffuse cytoplasmic staining in a few cases. However, membrane staining, typically noted for lymphoid cells, was not observed. Leu-22 potentially represents a useful marker for lymphoid cells, preferentially of T-cell origin, with optimal applicability as part of a panel that includes an effective pan-B-cell marker.
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PMID:Leu-22: a preferential marker for T-lymphocytes in paraffin sections. Staining profile in T- and B-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, other lymphoproliferative disorders, myeloproliferative diseases, and various neoplastic processes. 230 Dec 94

The classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) is an important factor in treatment. Most clinical protocols divide these tumors into two broad categories--indolent, or low-grade, and aggressive, or high-grade. Patients with low-grade NHLs usually have a relatively long survival, with or without the use of aggressive therapy. Although the tumors can be controlled with conventional chemotherapeutic approaches, they are rarely cured. Patients with high-grade tumors usually die within 1 to 2 years without therapy. However, with aggressive treatment, many patients can be cured if complete remissions can be sustained for at least 2 years. Several types of NHLs represent distinct clinicopathologic entities--lymphoblastic lymphoma, adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma, true histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia. Immunologic concepts are now used to classify NHLs. Identifying the cell of origin of a malignant lymphoma has important therapeutic implications, since malignant cells retain phenotypic and functional properties of their precursors. It is possible, therefore, to predict both the sites of involvement and the patterns of dissemination. Clinical applications are beginning to be developed. These include the use of monoclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies coupled to a toxin, alpha interferon, and monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies. Human leukocyte interferon has been used experimentally to induce spontaneous regressions. Excellent results have been achieved so far only for patients with low-grade lymphomas.
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PMID:Relationship of classification to biologic behavior of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 287 56

A series of 36 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) has been studied by means of the argyrophil (AgNOR) method for nuclear organizer regions (NORs). Morphometric analysis of highly magnified photographic images of light microscope preparations of the AgNORs was performed by means of an interactive image analysis system. It was observed that in the low-grade specimens (where NORs are less frequent than in those of high-grade histology), the AgNOR sites were highly significantly (P less than 0.001) larger than in high-grade NHL. In the low-grade lymphomas, the AgNOR maximum diameter (Dmax) ranged from 0.7 to 1.7 micron 2 (mean 1.11 micron 2) and area ranged from 0.48 to 1.99 micron 2 (mean 1.11 micron 2). In contrast, in the high-grade specimens, Dmax was from 0.33 to 0.51 micron (mean 0.41 micron) and the area ranged from 0.082 to 0.19 micron 2 (mean 0.13 micron 2). Thus, a well-defined inverse relationship was observed between AgNOR numbers and their sizes. There was total separation between low- and high-grade values in this series. This light microscope technique offers some advantages over ultrastructural morphometry of interphase NORs (fibrillar centres).
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PMID:Correlation between NOR sizes and numbers in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 306 May 77

The nuclear DNA content of cells from 45 malignant lymphomas and from 60 benign lymph nodes obtained by fine needle aspiration was analysed to investigate the diagnostic value of DNA flow cytometry combined with routine diagnostic cytology in lymphomas. DNA aneuploidy was found in 43 per cent of lymphomas of high grade malignancy (NCI Working Formulation) but only rarely in lymphomas of intermediate- or low-grade malignancy or in Hodgkin's disease, and never in benign lymph nodes. The median percentage of proliferative cells (S + G2/M) was 22.6 per cent in diploid high-grade lymphomas, 15.3 per cent in intermediate-, and 8.1 per cent in low-grade lymphomas, as compared with 4.9 per cent in benign lymph nodes (P less than 0.0001). If the presence of DNA aneuploidy or more than 12 per cent of proliferative cells is used as a criterion for malignancy, the diagnostic accuracy of DNA flow cytometry in detecting lymphoma is 81 per cent. DNA flow cytometry suggested correct diagnosis in 10 of the 19 false positive, false negative, or indeterminate cytological findings encountered during the study. It is concluded that DNA flow cytometry combined with fine needle aspiration biopsy has diagnostic value in lymphomas, but false negative results are common especially in low-grade lymphomas; the method should therefore be used in conjunction with light microscopy.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of DNA flow cytometry combined with fine needle aspiration biopsy in lymphomas. 335 70

The monoclonal antibody OKT9 was applied to cryostat sections of 267 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and related neoplasms. It was found that the transferrin receptor is expressed by a wide variety of B- and T-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The OKT9 staining also was loosely correlated with the three morphologic grades of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas identified by the International Working Formulation. In general, higher grade lymphomas more often and more intensely expressed the T9 antigen. However, transferrin receptor expression by certain histologic subtypes of lymphoma did not correlate with their morphologic grade: low-grade follicular lymphomas expressed the T9 antigen more frequently than diffuse low-grade lymphomas; diffuse small cleaved cell lymphomas were stained by OKT9 less often than other histologic subtypes of intermediate-grade lymphomas; and diffuse immunoblastic lymphomas expressed transferrin receptors less often than the other high-grade histologic subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Intermediate lymphocytic lymphomas, not recognized in the International Working Formulation, were infrequently and weakly stained by OKT9 in a manner similar to diffuse low-grade lymphomas. We obtained clinical follow-up data on 43 individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and 64 individuals with diffuse large cell and immunoblastic lymphoma. Transferrin receptor expression in these two groups did not correlate significantly with survival.
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PMID:Transferrin receptor expression by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Correlation with morphologic grade and survival. 335 78

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that vary widely in response to therapy. In Canada the modified Rappaport classification is used to categorize NHL. To facilitate the reporting and comparison of treatment results all cases should also be categorized in the terminology of the National Cancer Institute's working formulation. The choice of therapy should be guided by specific prognostic factors: stage and bulk of the disease, patient's age, presence of systemic symptoms and histologic subtype. Of these, the last appears to be the most important. Radiotherapy (RT) is the treatment of choice in localized low-grade lymphomas with favourable prognoses, while bimodal therapy (RT and chemotherapy [CT]) is warranted in presentations with unfavourable prognoses. Regional irradiation alone is indicated in intermediate-grade lymphomas with good prognoses (i.e., pathological stage I or II or clinical stage IA or IIA localized disease of small bulk in young patients). All other patients require CT followed by RT. The results of CT alone are encouraging but remain experimental. Aggressive therapy with multidrug regimens that include central nervous system prophylaxis is the foundation for successful treatment of high-grade NHL such as lymphoblastic lymphoma and diffuse small-noncleaved-cell lymphomas. Low-dose RT should be given to sites of bulky disease.
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PMID:Management of localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 389 50

The relationship between the intracellular levels of DNA polymerase alpha (DP-alpha), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the degree of malignancy of human lymphomas was investigated. Twelve non-neoplastic lymph nodes and 88 malignant lymphomas were examined. For non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) the low or high grade of malignancy was established according to three classifications: the Rappaport, the Kiel and the Working Formulation for Clinical Usage, with the latter also recognizing an intermediate grade group. Non-neoplastic lymph nodes had significantly lower levels of all the three enzymes than those found in high-grade malignant NHL (the P value ranged from less than 0.02 to less than 0.001). Hodgkin's disease, a slowly evolving neoplasia, showed lower levels of DP-alpha (P less than 0.001) and ADA (P less than 0.001), but not of LDH, than high-grade NHL. Among NHL, whatever classification was used, the low-grade malignant lymphomas had significantly lower levels than the high-grade ones for all the three enzymes (P less than 0.005 or P less than 0.001). The intermediate-grade group of the Working Formulation differed from the high-grade group for DP-alpha (P less than 0.01) and ADA (P less than 0.02) but not for LDH. It differed from the low-grade group only for ADA (P less than 0.005). Lymphoblastic and Burkitt's lymphomas were the groups with the highest levels of the three enzymes. Among low-grade lymphomas very low values were found in the histological entities defined as DLWD in the Rappaport classification, CLL and lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma in the Kiel classification and small lymphocytic (group A) in the WF. The levels of all enzymes in these histotypes were always significantly different from the other low-grade histotypes, and from the intermediate-grade ones of the WF. In the Kiel classification polymorphous lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, recently recognized as a group with a quite aggressive clinical course, was characterized by high levels of all three enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relation between enzymatic activities and the degree of malignancy of human lymphomas. 404 77

The proportion of lymphocytes from patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) expressing transferrin receptors in biopsy material from lymph-nodes assayed by binding of the monoclonal antibody OKT9 correlated significantly with the histological class of the tumour. High-grade lymphomas contained 22.5% (range 3-57%) OKT9-positive lymphocytes, and low-grade lymphomas contained 2.5% (range less than 1-22). Since histological class of lymphoma is an important factor in survival, it was expected and confirmed that OKT9 levels were related to survival in these patients. Transferrin receptor is expressed by growing cells. The correlates observed in this series of NHL suggests a relation between transferrin receptor and either the growth fraction, or factors affecting the growth fraction, of the tumour.
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PMID:Correlation of transferrin receptor expression with histological class and outcome in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 613 Dec 11

91 patients with malignant non-Hodgkin-lymphoma are discussed, who received a reinduction therapy because of their state of relapse or dissemination. All of them received chemotherapy as a secondary treatment. The drugs were cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and prednisone. The result were separately analyzed for lymphomas with "high-grade malignancy" and lymphomas with "low-grade malignancy" using the "Kiel-Klassifikation". Within the group of low-grade lymphomas, there were 29% complete remission, 56% partial remission, and 15% without response. In the group of high-grade malignant lymphomas there were 39% complete remission, 37% partial remission, and 24% without response. The curves of disease-free survival are similar for both groups of malignant low-grade and high-grade lymphoma. The curve for survival, irrespective of exacerbation, takes a more favorable course for low-grade than for high-grade lymphomas but reaches a common plateau at 30%. After 2 1/3 years 50% of the patients with low-grade-malignant lymphoma, and after 1 1/2 year 50% of the patients with high-grade-malignant lymphoma, are still alive. The longest period of disease-free survival is now 8 years in some cases. We attempt to draw conclusions from the results of the therapy about the nature of malignant non-Hodgkin-lymphoma and to give suggestions for its treatment.
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PMID:[Results of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate and prednisone in recurring or disseminated non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the University of Kiel Radiology Clinic]. 702 91

Cellular DNA content, Coulter volume, and light scatter were measured in cell suspensions from 30 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in order to assess flow analysis as a quantitative and reproducible means of evaluating these diseases. Nonneoplastic control populations included 31 samples obtained from lymph nodes, spleens, tonsils, and peripheral blood. Cellular DNA and light scatter were measured on ethanol-fixed cells by flow microfluorometry using nuclei isolated from chicken erythrocytes as an internal standard. For DNA analysis, the cells were stained with propidium iodide following RNase treatment. The cellular DNA content of the human populations was expressed as a ratio between the DNA content of the human G0-G1 cells and that of the chicken erythrocyte nuclei. The mean DNA ratio for the 31 nonneoplastic samples was 2.83 +/- 0.08 (S.D.) In these samples, the coefficient of variation of the human G0-G1 peak ranged from 2.27 to 3.63% (mean 3.09 +/- 0.32%). Fifteen of 30 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, including 7 of 15 low-grade lymphomas and 8 of 15 high-grade lymphomas, had abnormal DNA content, the majority containing hyperdiploid G0-G1 populations. In six malignant lymphomas with normal DNA content, the coefficient of variation of the human G0-G1 peak, corrected for differences in instrument setting was greater than that seen in the nonneoplastic populations. A good correlation between the percentage of cells calculated to be in the S phase of the cell cycle and the expected clinical behavior of the tumors was observed. In those lymphomas in which the S-phase percentages could be calculated, 11 of 13 low-grade lymphomas had less than 5% of the cells in S phase, and 7 of 10 high-grade lymphomas had greater than 5% of the cells in S phase. Thirteen of 21 neoplastic cases in which Coulter volume determinations were performed could be distinguished from the nonneoplastic controls on the basis of their modal volume. Although some correlation was observed between light scatter of ethanol-fixed cells and Coulter volume measurements on unfixed cells, light scatter was found to be less discriminatory. Altogether, by all three flow parameters studied, 26 of 30 (87%) of the neoplastic cases could be distinguished from nonneoplastic controls.
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PMID:Flow analysis of DNA content and cell size in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 747 Oct 89


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