Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

450 splenectomy specimens showing involvement by all save a few very infrequently occurring types of malignant lymphomas (ML) recognized by the updated Kiel classification of ML were investigated by conventional histologic and immunohistochemical methods. The results confirm and augment the findings of previous studies and facilitate a comparison of infiltration patterns of different ML in the spleen. These studies in conjunction with immunohistochemical detection of neoplastic cells may thus contribute to the diagnosis of minimal, i.e. early, splenic infiltration by ML and to the differential diagnosis of ML with advanced splenic involvement. Initially, most low grade NHL lead to nodular involvement of the splenic white pulp which may evolve into larger tumor nodules and/or diffuse red pulp involvement by invasion of adjacent red pulp structures. As a rule, the infiltrates are angiotropic, i.e. neoplastic cells accumulate in the vicinity of arterial and venous blood vessels both in the white and in the red pulp. Sinus involvement is frequently associated with leukemic generalisation of the neoplasm. High grade NHL are also localized predominantly in the splenic white pulp. However, their intrasplenic spread is characterized by the formation of large nodular and/or diffuse infiltrates which may efface the splenic architecture. Hodgkin lymphomas (HL), in contrast, cause coalescing tumor nodules which show expansive growth rather than progressive infiltration of the splenic parenchyma. These infiltration patterns of ML in the spleen are a constant finding. In conjunction with cytologic features and immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells they thus constitute reliable criteria for the differential diagnosis of ML in the spleen, although their anatomical and functional basis has not yet been fully elucidated. B and T cell lymphomas initially tend to show selective involvement of the original B and T cell areas of the spleen. Most high grade ML exhibit a similar behavior, although the size of the splenic lesions usually does not permit an exact identification of the ML's primary manifestation in the spleen. They thus exhibit a "homing phenomenon" to the two large lymphoid compartments of the spleen which is most conclusively illustrated by the "organoid" ML such as CB-CC or T zone lymphoma. This behavior has been interpreted to reflect the histogenesis of the neoplastic cells of the ML under study. In addition, specialised types of accessory cells such as CD35+ FDC and CD1/S100+ IDRC appear to be essential for the creation of conditions which are suitable for B and T lymphocytes, respectively. Progressive infiltration by neoplastic cells will lead to destruction of the normal microenvironment, i.e. alterations of FDC networks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Malignant lymphoma of the spleen. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of morphology and differential diagnosis]. 174 66

Retrospective and histopathological study on 1096 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) showed that the incidence of HD in lymph node biopsy was 3.87%, the ratio between HD and NHL in 1960s, 1970s and 1980s were quite similar. Among 1083 cases of HD with sex record, 787 were male, and 296 were female. The ratio of male to female was 2.65:1, and the mean age was 31 years. According to Rye's classification, 274 were LP, 145 were NS, 511 were MC, 135 were LD and 19 were unclassified. The distribution of the four subtypes in this series showed that accounted LP for 25.3%, NS for 13.3%, MC for 47.1% and LD for 12.4%. There were three major differences: (1) NS was much less, (2) LD was higher, and (3) NS-G2 was much more, when compared to the figures of other representative studies in western countries. In regard to the pathological diagnosis, residue follicles could be obtained in 42.8% of the HD lesions, and therefore, the presence of residue follicles would not exclude the positive diagnosis of HD. Typical R-S cells could be found only in 39.2% of these cases. The recently reported "syncytial variant" change was not a special feature of NS in our study. Primary extranodal HD was extremely rare in this study, and the mortality of HD in China seemed much higher than that in the advanced countries.
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PMID:[Histopathological study of 1096 cases of Hodgkin's disease. All China Hodgkin's Disease Investigation Group]. 181 60

The association between cancer and immunodeficiency is well established. In common variable immunodeficiency (CVI), a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by low serum immunoglobulins and poor antibody production, we previously reported a total of 13 cancers in 11 individuals arising in continuously observed group of patients. Of the 13, 7 were NHL and 1 was a myeloma which progressed to lymphoma. We report here the histologic, immunologic, cytogenetic, and clinical features of these 8 NHL along with 3 new lymphomas which have appeared in this group (now 117 patients). From our studies, the lymphomas which have arisen in CVI share certain features with the lymphomas which appear in the childhood immunodeficient syndromes. Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome, Ataxia Telangiectasia, or severe combined immunodeficiency: they are similar in overall frequency (13%), are often B-cell in origin, and extranodal in location. However, unlike the lymphomas of the immunodeficient child, lymphomas in CVI may be more differentiated and secrete immunoglobulin. For CVI patients with stage I or II disease, as for non-Hodgkin lymphomas in general, the prognosis is good. In our group, NHL in CVI have appeared most often in females of the 5th to 7th decade and not in childhood. Cytogenetic studies in lymphomas show that cytogenic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocation, can be found in this group, but more studies will be needed to assess the frequency of these events.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in common variable immunodeficiency. 182 73

We evaluated teicoplanin for suspected gram-positive infections after inadequate response to initial empiric beta-lactam and aminoglycoside combination therapy. All 20 patients included in this study received either an allogeneic (8 patients) or an autologous (12 patients) bone marrow transplant for acute myeloid leucaemia (AML), non-Hodgkin's-lymphoma (NHL, high grade) or other malignant diseases. All patients developing primary septicaemia of unknown origin (18 patients) or catheter-related septicaemia (2 patients) were treated with 400 mg teicoplanin, administered i.v. once daily in combination with a cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside (ceftazidime 2 g i.v., t.i.d.; netilmicin 400 mg once daily). All patients responded to therapy, 19 patients were clinically cured and one patient improved under therapy. The therapeutic regimen was well tolerated; only one adverse drug reaction was observed. We did not observe any delayed take or prolonged neutropenia or thrombocytopenia with this therapeutic regimen when our patients were compared to other bone marrow transplant patients (who did not receive this antimicrobial therapy). Our results suggest that teicoplanin is a potentially effective and well tolerated antimicrobial agent in bone marrow transplant patients with infections not responding primarily to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides.
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PMID:Treatment of severe sepsis in bone marrow transplant recipients with teicoplanin in combination with beta-lactams and aminoglycosides. 183 19

To investigate the range of pathology shown by acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas arising in an epidemiologically well-defined group of patients, all cases of lymphoma recognized in Danish human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals up to the end of 1988 were studied. Twenty-seven cases (26 high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], 1 Hodgkin's disease) were found, to give a cumulative incidence rate of 8% among Danish AIDS patients. Morphologically most NHL patients were classified into two groups: 1) high-grade tumors with a predominant population of immunoblasts, either monomorphic or more often polymorphic with plasmacytic differentiation; 2) Burkitt-type. Of 26 NHLs, 22 had a B-cell paraffin-section immunophenotype and 4 were non-B, non-T. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was demonstrated in tumor cells of 12 of 24 cases (50%) using in situ nucleic acid hybridization with a 35S-labeled probe in paraffin sections. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was found in 65% of group 1 and 20% of group 2 tumors. This study suggests the existence of two main groups of AIDS-related lymphoma with different pathogeneses. First there are immunoblast-rich lesions, which usually are associated with EBV and morphologically resemble lymphomas described in immunosuppressed organ-transplantation patients. Second there are Burkitt-type tumors in which EBV sequences are less common and that may be pathogenetically analogous to sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma.
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PMID:AIDS-related lymphoma. Histopathology, immunophenotype, and association with Epstein-Barr virus as demonstrated by in situ nucleic acid hybridization. 184 63

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with distinct forms of human lymphoid malignancies, including the endemic (eBL) and sporadic forms of Burkitt's lymphoma (sBL) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). However, whether EBV has a pathogenetic role in these tumors or is a passenger virus has not been conclusively demonstrated. One element to distinguish between these two possibilities is to determine whether EBV infection has preceded and, thus, possibly contributed to clonal expansion, or whether infection has occurred after clonal expansion and thus is unlikely to contribute to pathogenesis. Toward this end we analyzed the structure of the heterogeneous genomic termini of EBV as markers of clonal infection in a panel of eBL (11 cases), sBL (9 cases), and AIDS-NHL (10 cases) biopsies. We show that EBV termini are uniformly clonal in sBL, eBL, and AIDS-NHL, strongly suggesting that EBV infection has preceded and, thus, most likely contributed to clonal expansion in these malignancies.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus infection precedes clonal expansion in Burkitt's and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphoma. 131 38

The prognosis of patients with advanced refractory lymphoma remains poor. We have carried out a Phase II study of continuous high dose intravenous recombinant interleukin 2 alone without LAK cells in this group of patients. Eight patients have so far been treated, 4 with non-Hodgkins lymphoma and 4 with Hodgkins disease. Of the 7 evaluable patients, the maximum response observed was stable disease in 2 patients (1 with NHL and 1 with HD). The other patients' diseases progressed in the face of immune activation following the rIL-2 infusion. Adverse reactions were common but no life-threatening occurred. These results are disappointing. Whether or not lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are needed to improve response rate deserve further investigations.
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PMID:Continuous intravenous infusion of high dose recombinant interleukin 2 for advanced lymphomas--a phase II study. 186 30

A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hepatosplenomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis in February, 1989. The leukocyte counts were 93,200/microliters with 95% small lymphocytes which expressed surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg) M, D and kappa. Histological finding of the cervical lymph node was diffuse small cell lymphoma. A diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was made. He was followed up without chemotherapy. In January, 1990, he was re-admitted because of progressively enlarged lymph nodes and increased white blood cell counts, up to 183,200/microliters with 98% lymphocytes. He was treated with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone. The leukocyte counts decreased to 5,000/microliters and lymph node swelling decreased in size. In April, 1990, generalized lymphadenopathy re-appeared. The biopsied lymph node specimen showed diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL-DL). The lymph node cells were found to express SmIgM and kappa. The diagnosis of Richter's syndrome was made. DNA analysis using Southern blot method revealed identical immunoglobulin heavy and kappa chain gene rearrangements in the two neoplasms. These findings suggest that the CLL cells and the NHL-DL cells originate from the same clone in this case.
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PMID:[Richter's syndrome with identical immunoglobulin gene rearrangements]. 190 17

The relative frequencies of the various histopathologic types of lymphomas are generally similar among Asian countries. Hodgkin's disease and follicular lymphomas are relatively rare in Asia. Among NHL, the Asians have a higher rate of aggressive NHL, as compared with the NCI data. Immunologic analysis revealed that PTCL is common in Asia. The relative frequency of PTCL is comparable among Chinese in Taiwan, the east coast of China, and Hong Kong, as well as in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) nonendemic areas in Japan. The increased rate of T-cell lymphomas in Asia is attributed to the low incidence of follicular lymphomas. The similar patterns of distribution in histopathologic and immunologic subtypes of NHL in Asia suggest that a common ethnic or geographic factor exists. To elucidate it, further detailed epidemiologic studies are needed. Primary extranodal NHL is slightly more prevalent in Asia than in the United States; the most frequent primary site is Waldeyer's ring in Japanese patients and the GI tract in Chinese patients. Primary small intestinal lymphoma in Asia showed the pattern of the Western type. Primary cutaneous lymphomas are rare in Asia. The clinical features of PTCL in Asia are comparable with those described in the United States, except for a predilection for the nasal/paranasal region. In Asia, outside Japan, ATLL has been reported only in Taiwan. The seroepidemiologic survey of carriers of ATLL showed the rate of seropositivity for HTLV-I in Taiwan was similar to that in nonendemic areas in Japan. The clinicopathologic features of ATLL in Taiwan and Japan are essentially identical. In children in Japan and Taiwan, Hodgkin's disease is much less frequent than in the West. However, the relative frequencies of the histopathologic and immunologic subtypes of childhood NHL in Japan and Taiwan do not differ significantly from those of the West. Although Burkitt's lymphoma in Japan and Taiwan is of nonendemic type, in India it may comprise both endemic and nonendemic types in almost equal number.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Asia. 193 64

The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are a group of diseases for which substantial progress has been made in understanding tumor biology and effectiveness of treatment during the last decade. These advances may provide insight into the development of neoplasms because of recognized association of lymphomas with viral infections and immunodeficiency. The prognosis for patients with NHL continues to improve. As a result, current studies on treatment of lymphomas in certain favorable stages have concentrated on reducing the intensity of therapy. For patients with advanced disease, further improvements in treatment are still being sought.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Biologic classification and implication for therapy. 200 86


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