Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A wide variety of primary and metastatic human neoplasms express somatostatin receptors (SS-Rs). We evaluated the SS-R status of malignant lymphomas that had been surgically removed from 31 patients by use of in vitro SS-R autoradiography with the SS analog 125I-[Tyr3]-octreotide as radioligand. Of 11 low-grade-malignancy B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 10 were SS-R-positive, with a high receptor density restricted to the neoplastic follicles. All of the 8 intermediate-grade lymphomas were SS-R-positive. Of the B-cell lymphomas of high-grade malignancy, 7 out of 10 were SS-R-positive, often with a high density of receptors. One T-cell lymphoma and one Hodgkin's lymphoma were also positive. SS-Rs were of high affinity (KD = 1.2 nM) and specific for bioactive SS analogs. In 4 patients, the lymphomas were localized in vivo by use of gamma-camera scintigraphy after i.v. injection of the SS analog 111In-[DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide. Hot spots, identified in all 4 patients, corresponded to SS-R-positive malignant-lymphoma tissue, as confirmed by receptor autoradiography of the surgically removed tumors. Our data show that SS-Rs are valuable pathobiochemical tissue markers and potentially useful in vivo diagnostic tools for human malignant lymphomas.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo detection of somatostatin receptors in human malignant lymphomas. 134 40

T-cell-rich B-cell lymphomas (TCRBCLs) are recently described, unusual non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that have a diffuse morphology, a predominance of reactive T-cells, and a minority of neoplastic B-cells. The clinical and pathological features of 19 TCRBCLs, all of which demonstrated B-cell clonality, are presented. These lymphomas generally affected older patients by widespread disease and usually were nodal in origin. Treatment varied, but continuous complete remissions (eight patients) were achieved only in those receiving chemotherapy directed at intermediate-grade lymphomas. Although morphologically heterogeneous, all cases resembled peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs); several TCRBCLs also contained Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Flow cytometry or frozen-section immunoperoxidase failed to detect monotypic immunoglobulin (Ig) in eight of eight cases tested. In contrast, paraffin immunoperoxidase was very useful diagnostically, showing large L26 (CD20-associated) positive cells scattered singly or in small clusters among numerous small T-cells (UCHL1[CD45RO] positive) in all cases. Monotypic cytoplasmic Ig was present in 16 of 19 cases, one of which exhibited plasmacytic differentiation. Southern blot analysis demonstrated relatively faint Ig JH and/or JK bands, indicating a small monoclonal B-cell population in nine of 11 cases, one of which also showed a bcl-2 rearrangement. No T-cell receptor gene rearrangements were observed. These results showed that TCRBCLs may be easily confused with PTCLs or occasionally confused with Hodgkin's disease. TCRBCLs are probably heterogeneous biologically; some cases are of follicular center cell origin. These lymphomas respond to chemotherapy directed at intermediate-grade lymphomas, apparently have a better prognosis than PTCLs, and seem to represent morphological variants of different types of large B-cell lymphomas.
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PMID:T-cell-rich B-cell lymphomas. A clinicopathologic study of 19 cases. 816 40

An image processing system has been developed by the combination of recent electronic and computer technologies. The system may have a potential power for the quantitative analysis on the immunohistology. The image cytometry was applied to quantitative analysis on Ki-67-positive cells in lymphomas of Waldeyer's ring and nasal cavity. High grade lymphomas showed significantly larger number of Ki-67-positive cells than intermediate-grade lymphomas, even analyzed separately by immunophenotypes. A large mean area per Ki-67-positive cell was significantly associated with T-cell phenotype and unfavorable clinical outcome. Thus, Ki-67 immunostaining combined with image cytometry is a novel method for determining a tumor proliferative index which provides useful clinical data of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
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PMID:[The advancement of image cytometry in immunohistology]. 144 23

The monoclonal antibody, 4F2, which reacts with an antigen expressed by activated and proliferating cells, was applied to frozen sections of nine reactive lymphoid lesions, 146 B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), and six plasmacytic neoplasms. In reactive cases, the 4F2 antigen was expressed by germinal center cells and interfollicular immunoblasts, the activated or proliferating lymphoid cells, and histiocytes. In the malignant cases, the 4F2 antigen was expressed by 94 (64%) B-cell NHL and all six plasma cell tumors. The incidence of positivity and intensity of expression loosely correlated with the three morphologic grades of NHL identified in the Working Formulation. Approximately one half of all low-grade lymphomas, two thirds of intermediate-grade lymphomas, and all high-grade lymphomas were 4F2 positive. Similarly, the mean intensity of 4F2 antigen expression increased with higher grade. However, for certain histologic subtypes, 4F2 antigen expression did not correlate with morphologic grade. For example, in the intermediate-grade category less than one half of diffuse small cleaved cell lymphomas were 4F2 positive, and expression was weak, similar to that of low-grade lymphomas. In contrast, all other histologic subtypes of lymphoma in the intermediate-grade category were strongly 4F2 positive. Expression of 4F2 antigen also correlated with plasmacytoid differentiation. Seventy-three percent of plasmacytoid small lymphocytic lymphomas (compared with 31% of cases of non-plasmacytoid small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and all plasma cell neoplasms expressed the 4F2 antigen, the latter cases strongly.
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PMID:Expression of the activation antigen, 4F2, by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-cell phenotype. 191 36

Many of the advances in the management of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have been based on more precise understanding of the various cell types that constitute these disorders. During the past year, we have seen some dramatic changes in the therapeutic approach to low-grade lymphomas. Until recently, the usual approach to these disorders was a purely palliative one, but a number of publications from the past year describe a more intensive approach with the goal of developing a curative modality. The use of combination chemotherapy in addition to radiation therapy for the early Ann Arbor stages as well as the use of high-dose chemotherapy with bone marrow transplantation in patients with high-risk factors has been reported recently. In the area of intermediate-grade lymphomas, most of the recent publications have described prognostic factors associated with various chemotherapy protocols. One of the most interesting recent developments is related to the dose-intensity issue. A consensus appears to be developing in regard to the correlation of dose intensity with clinical outcome. Despite the fact that new third-generation regimens have been associated with cures in 50% to 66% of the patients, a significant fraction of patients require salvage chemotherapy. Some of the new salvage regimens are discussed, as is the use of calcium channel blockers to reverse multiple-drug resistance. Finally, management of the high-grade lymphomas, specifically the small noncleaved cell type, has been associated with a cure rate in the range of 50% in two recently published studies. Patients who are human immunodeficiency virus-positive with small noncleaved cell lymphoma can be cured of their underlying malignancy, but many of them later develop complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, to which they usually succumb.
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PMID:Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 175 77

Uptake of L-[methyl-11C]methionine (11C-methionine) and [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) was studied with PET in 14 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The low molecular weight fraction of venous plasma separated by fast gel filtration was used as the input function for 11C-methionine studies, and tracer accumulation was analyzed according to Patlak and Gjedde. The average uptake rate of 11C-methionine was 0.0775 +/- 0.0245 min-1 (s.d.) and of FDG 0.0355 +/- 0.0293 min-1, 11C-methionine uptake rate being significantly higher than that of FDG (p less than 0.01). Carbon-11-methionine accumulated strongly in all but one of the lymphomas. FDG accumulated clearly in lymphomas of high-grade malignancy, whereas two intermediate- and three low-grade malignant lymphomas had a poor uptake rate. The tumor/plasma ratio of both 11C-methionine and FDG increased faster in high and intermediate-grade lymphomas than in low-grade lymphomas, but there was considerable overlap between the histologic grades. Carbon-11-methionine seems to be preferable in detecting tumors, while FDG was superior to 11C-methionine in distinguishing the high-grade malignant lymphomas from the other grades.
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PMID:Uptake of carbon-11-methionine and fluorodeoxyglucose in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a PET study. 204 35

The nuclear DNA content of 37 primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas both at presentation and at relapse was determined by flow cytometric analysis from paraffin-embedded tissue to investigate changes in DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) during the course of the disease, and their association with survival. The repeat biopsies were done from 5 months to 15 years after the diagnosis. Four low-grade lymphomas according to the Working Formulation transformed into intermediate-grade lymphomas (four of 11, 36%), and four intermediate-grade lymphomas into high-grade lymphomas during the follow-up (four of 16, 25%), and five of these eight transformed lymphomas were fatal within 18 months after relapse. The SPF correlated strongly with poor prognosis if measured either from the primary biopsy (P = 0.008), the first (P = 0.009), or the latest repeat biopsy (P = 0.006). If SPF was greater than or equal to 6% larger in a repeat biopsy than at presentation prognosis was poor; six of nine such patients died from lymphoma within 11 months from recurrence. An increase of greater than or equal to 6% in the SPF was more common in high-grade (four of nine, 44%) and intermediate-grade (four of 16, 25%) lymphomas than in low-grade lymphomas (one of 11, 9%), and it was occasionally (three of nine) associated with a morphologic change. In a few cases a repeat biopsy was diploid despite DNA aneuploidy at presentation. In conclusion, the study provides evidence that not only may low-grade lymphomas transform into higher grade lymphomas, but high-grade lymphomas may also frequently transform into more malignant forms during the course of the disease. The SPF is useful in monitoring the biological behavior of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and it appears to give information not obtained by histologic study alone.
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PMID:Biologic progression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A flow cytometric study. 233 74

The monoclonal antibody OKT9 was applied to cryostat sections of 267 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and related neoplasms. It was found that the transferrin receptor is expressed by a wide variety of B- and T-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The OKT9 staining also was loosely correlated with the three morphologic grades of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas identified by the International Working Formulation. In general, higher grade lymphomas more often and more intensely expressed the T9 antigen. However, transferrin receptor expression by certain histologic subtypes of lymphoma did not correlate with their morphologic grade: low-grade follicular lymphomas expressed the T9 antigen more frequently than diffuse low-grade lymphomas; diffuse small cleaved cell lymphomas were stained by OKT9 less often than other histologic subtypes of intermediate-grade lymphomas; and diffuse immunoblastic lymphomas expressed transferrin receptors less often than the other high-grade histologic subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Intermediate lymphocytic lymphomas, not recognized in the International Working Formulation, were infrequently and weakly stained by OKT9 in a manner similar to diffuse low-grade lymphomas. We obtained clinical follow-up data on 43 individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and 64 individuals with diffuse large cell and immunoblastic lymphoma. Transferrin receptor expression in these two groups did not correlate significantly with survival.
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PMID:Transferrin receptor expression by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Correlation with morphologic grade and survival. 335 78

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that vary widely in response to therapy. In Canada the modified Rappaport classification is used to categorize NHL. To facilitate the reporting and comparison of treatment results all cases should also be categorized in the terminology of the National Cancer Institute's working formulation. The choice of therapy should be guided by specific prognostic factors: stage and bulk of the disease, patient's age, presence of systemic symptoms and histologic subtype. Of these, the last appears to be the most important. Radiotherapy (RT) is the treatment of choice in localized low-grade lymphomas with favourable prognoses, while bimodal therapy (RT and chemotherapy [CT]) is warranted in presentations with unfavourable prognoses. Regional irradiation alone is indicated in intermediate-grade lymphomas with good prognoses (i.e., pathological stage I or II or clinical stage IA or IIA localized disease of small bulk in young patients). All other patients require CT followed by RT. The results of CT alone are encouraging but remain experimental. Aggressive therapy with multidrug regimens that include central nervous system prophylaxis is the foundation for successful treatment of high-grade NHL such as lymphoblastic lymphoma and diffuse small-noncleaved-cell lymphomas. Low-dose RT should be given to sites of bulky disease.
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PMID:Management of localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 389 50

Thirty-five patients with malignant lymphoma of the testis were reviewed. The lymphomas were classified by the Rappaport criteria and the recently introduced Working Formulation of non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. The great majority of cases were diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (Rappaport), and these could be further subclassified by the Working Formulation. Significant differences in survival were observed between histologic subgroups of the Working Formulation and this effect was independent of stage, which also had a significant effect on survival. Of 23 clinically evaluable patients who presented with testicular lymphoma, eight of 17 patients with intermediate-grade lymphomas are alive and well, in contrast to none of six patients with high-grade lesions. The recognition of histologic subtype as a prognostic factor independent of clinical stage is important for postorchiectomy management of these patients.
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PMID:Testicular lymphomas: a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases. 729 17


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