Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High grade B-cell systemic lymphomas in HIV-infected patients exhibit pleomorphic features as well as some overlap between established histologic subtypes thus highlighting the difficulties in defining them precisely by making use of the classifications for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) proposed before the AIDS epidemic. A series of HIV-associated systemic lymphomas including 114 NHL and 25 Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases were morphologically and immunopheno-genotypically investigated at the Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy during a period of nine years. The International Working Formulation (WF) for NHL, the updated Kiel Classification and, later, morphologic variants of high grade B-cell NHL have been adopted in order to obtain a more detailed and specific histopathologic description of HIV-associated lymphomas. As a consequence of morphologic data, and considering also pathogenetic aspects as derived from literature, we have attempted a pathological categorization of HIV-associated systemic lymphomas based on the recognition of two main groups: the "blastic" cell group and the "anaplastic" one, both including specific cytomorphologic subtypes with, possibly, aggressive HD subtypes within one of them. This categorization uses the WF, the updated Kiel system, and the morphologic variants of high-grade lymphomas, and provides a provisional category for cases with intermediate morphologic features. Thus other histologic subtypes, such as small noncleaved cell (Burkitt) and immunoblastic lymphomas, can be defined in a more accurate way. The clear-cut placement of "anaplastic" cell lymphomas, including anaplastic large cell (CD30/Ki-1+) lymphomas, including anaplastic large cell (CD30/Ki-1+) lymphomas and possibly a proportion of HD cases, emphasizes the need for their diagnostic differentiation from polymorphic "blastic"' cell lymphomas, immunoblastic ones in particular.
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PMID:Can a specifically-aimed pathologic classification overcome the difficulties in defining HIV-associated lymphomas? 756 63

Secondary chromosomal aberrations were surveyed in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) reported in the literature with one of the following, presently recognized, primary abnormalities: t(2;5), +3, t(3;14), del(6q), +X, and -Y. Of 2,175 NHLs with clonal karyotypic changes, 908 (42%) had one of the 13 selected primary chromosome rearrangements, and 670 (74%) of these lymphomas displayed additional abnormalities. The type and frequency of the secondary aberrations were ascertained and then correlated with both the type of primary abnormality and morphologic subtype; low-, intermediate, and high-grade according to the Working Formulation. The incidence of secondary aberrations differed not only among the primary abnormality subgroups, from 0% in del(11q) NHLs to 93% in t(3;14) lymphomas (P < .001) but also between B- and T-cell NHLs (78% versus 55%, P< .001) and among the different histologic subgroups: 66% in low-, 85% in intermediate-, and 71% in high-grade lymphomas (P < .001). The mean number of secondary changes per case also varied among the primary abnormalities, from none in del(11q) NHLs to 12.0 in inv(14) lymphomas (P < .001), and among the morphologic subtypes: 4.6 in low-, 6.7 in intermediate-, and 3.6 in high-grade NHL (P < .001). Recurrent secondary aberrations were found in 6 of the 13 primary abnormality subgroups: t(2;5), t(3;14), t(8;14), t(11;14), inv(14), and t(14;18). The most frequent secondary aberrations were +X, -Y, dup(1q), del(6q) varied both within and among the primary abnormalities; the most frequent imbalances were a gain of 1q23-31 and losses of 6q21, 6q23, and 6q25. Other common imbalances were deletions of 1p31-36, 1q31-44, 2q34-37, 7q35-36, 9p22-24, 11q23-25, 13q13-21, and duplication of 12q13-22. The distribution of the secondary changes was clearly nonrandom with the most common anomalies being -Y and +7 in t(2;5); +X, del(6q), and +7 in t(3;14); dup(1q) and +7 in t(8;14); -Y, del(6q), and -13 in t(11;14); del(6q), -17, and -18 in inv(14); and del(6q), +7, and +12 in t(14;18) NHLs. In general, the secondary aberrations were similar in lymphomas of different histologic subtypes but with the same primary abnormality, although some significant differences were discerned: +3, del(6q), +7, and +18 wee more common (P < .01) in intermediate-grade than in high-grade t(8;14) NHLs; monosomy 13 occurred only in intermediate-grade t(11;14) NHLs (P < .05); and +7 and t(8;14)/t(8;22) were more frequent (P < .01 and P< .001, respectively) in high-grade than in low- and intermediate-grade t(14;18) NHLs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cytogenetic evolution patterns in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 757 60

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and c-myc p62 oncoprotein are two nuclear proteins expressed in proliferating and transformed cells. They can be recognized immunohistochemically in paraffin sections by the monoclonal antibodies PC-10 and c-myc 1-9E10, respectively. On the other hand, nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are loops of DNA that carry the r-RNA genes and can be visualized in paraffin sections as black dots (AgNORs) using a silver impregnation method. It has been suggested that the mean number of AgNORs may reflect the cellular kinetics of a tumor. We independently examined 200 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas using the monoclonal antibodies PC-10 and c-myc 1-9E10, as well as the AgNOR method. Our study shows a very significant correlation between PCNA, c-myc expression, and AgNOR count on the one hand and histologic grade on the other (P < .001), although a significant overlap among the three grades exists. PC-10, c-myc 1-9E10, and AgNOR scores are all shown to be linearly related, even though significant discrepancies were observed, and the correlation is stronger between PCNA and AgNORs (PCNA v c-myc p62, r = .551; PCNA v AgNORs, r = .746; c-myc p62 v AgNORs, r = .529; P < .001). A remarkable finding is that the intermediate group of lymphomas is heterogeneous as far as the proliferative rate is concerned: diffuse large cell cleaved/non-cleaved lymphomas (category G of the Working Formulation) are characterized by a significantly higher proliferative index, as evidenced by the elevated PCNA, c-myc p62, and AgNOR scores, in comparison with the other types of intermediate-grade lymphomas (P < .001). However, the proliferative rate is lower than that of the high-grade lymphomas (PCNA, P < .05; c-myc p62, P < .001; AgNORs, P < .005). No significant difference exists between B-cell and T-cell lymphomas except for the higher expression of c-myc p62 in intermediate-grade B-cell lymphomas, obviously due to the higher proliferative rate of diffuse large cell lymphomas. Based on our findings, it appears that the combination of PCNA, c-myc p62, and AgNORs provides an accurate estimate of the proliferative rate of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in paraffin sections. Clinical studies may show whether this information has prognostic value independent of histologic classification. In addition, our results suggest that category G (diffuse large cell) lymphomas may belong to a malignancy grade higher than the intermediate grade, a suggestion consistent with their more aggressive biologic behavior.
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PMID:A comparative assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, c-myc p62, and nucleolar organizer region staining in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study of 200 cases. 768 20

We retrospectively studied 156 patients with non-Hodgkin's; ymphoma (NHL) in order to evaluate the incidence of bone marrow (BM) involvement at the time of diagnosis. The incidence of marrow involvement in NHL was 35% (55 patients). The most common histologic type of lymphoma was diffuse large cell lymphoma with 30% of the cases having bone marrow involvement. The highest incidence of marrow involvement was seen in immunoblastic lymphoma & the lowest incidence in diffuse mixed cell lymphoma. Bone marrow lymphoma was present in 50% of low-, 34% of intermediate-, and 55% of high-grade lymphomas. B-cell vs T-cell lymphoma in cases of marrow involvement was 56% to 42%. The most frequent pattern of marrow involvement was interstitial & diffuse (56% & 31%). The paratrabecular pattern was rare (4%). Most lymphomas (42%) extensively involved marrow space greater than 76% of the total marrow space. Discordant histology between lymph node and BM was seen in 10 cases (18%). Biopsy was the best method compared to smear & clot section (sensitivity 82% vs 72% vs 69%). In conclusion, our study revealed that the most common histologic type of marrow lymphoma was diffuse large cell type with frequent interstitial and diffuse pattern and extensive involvement of the marrow space. No predilection for a trabecular pattern was found. This result was in contrast to that in the Western literature.
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PMID:Bone marrow involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphom. 770 89

p53 protein overexpression is a frequent finding in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), being detected in over 25% of the cases. Moreover, some high-grade lymphomas and a large fraction of low-grade tumors show a pattern of scattered p53 accumulation in a limited percentage of neoplastic cells. In contrast, NHLs show a low frequency of p53 gene mutations. To investigate the molecular bases of p53 protein overexpression, a large series of NHLs was analyzed for p53 gene status. The analysis of the entire coding region of the gene (exons 2-11) and corresponding donor and acceptor splicing sites indicated that a significant proportion of p53-positive tumors overexpresses a wild-type form of p53 protein (wt-p53). To assess whether wt-p53 accumulation was related to the formation of inactive complexes with endogenous proteins, MDM2 oncogene expression and amplification were analyzed. MDM2 overexpression was detected only in one third of the wt-p53-positive cases, thus excluding that MDM2 accounts tout court for the accumulation of a normal p53 protein. However, the fact that MDM2 overexpression was detected in only the p53-positive cases and the observation that MDM2-positive cells were a subpopulation of p53-positive cells suggest a link between the two phenomena. In particular, our results indicate that the accumulation of a wt form of p53 protein could promote the overexpression of the MDM2 gene product. In addition, the prevalence of MDM2 positivity in intermediate/high-grade tumors together with the concordant expression of wt-p53 and MDM2 only in the high-grade component of a 'composite' lymphoma suggests that perturbation in the MDM2/p53 critical ratio could play a role in lymphoma progression.
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PMID:MDM2 overexpression does not account for stabilization of wild-type p53 protein in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 775 55

In order to investigate whether, by analogy with early gastric carcinomas, evidence of a malignant cycle could be found in early gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (EGL), a study of 135 surgical specimens (46 gastrectomies, 80 aboral resections, nine local excisions) was performed. A malignant cycle was considered to have been shown when regenerative changes in the mucosa and fibrosis of the adjacent submucosa were detected. The depth of tumour infiltration was characterized using the UICC classification for gastric carcinomas. An EGL was found in 51.1% of cases (n = 69). The correlation between depth of infiltration and the histological classification of tumours proved statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Evidence of a malignant cycle was demonstrated in 72.5% of EGLs as compared with 27.3% in gastric lymphomas showing deeper infiltration (AL). The same held true for the histological classification of lymphomas. Findings consistent with a malignant cycle were found in 72.7% of low-grade compared with 37.7% of high-grade lymphomas. The difference in distribution proved to be statistically significant in both cases (p < 0.001). Most cases were localized in the antral region (53.6% of EGLs, 40.9% of ALs) and the lower third of the stomach (44.9% of EGLs and 33.3% of ALs). Detecting evidence of a malignant cycle, especially in EGL, has important diagnostic implications, requiring a careful search for minute lymphoma-associated irregularities in the neighbourhood of healed lesions, with the aim of determining the proper locations for a diagnostic biopsy.
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PMID:Evidence of a malignant cycle in early gastric lymphoma. 807 49

Using a silver staining technique, nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (Ag-NORs) have been studied in paraffin sections of 76 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, five normal lymph nodes, and five <<reactive>> lymph nodes. The mean number of nucleolar organizer regions per nucleus was 1.19 (SD:0.09) for normal lymphocytes, 3.04 (SD:0.14) for reactive lymph nodes, 2.79 (SD:0.44) for low-grade lymphomas, 6.33 (SD:1.58) for intermediate-grade lymphomas, and 10.53 (SD:1.97) for high-grade lymphomas. There were highly significant differences in Ag-NOR counts among the groups (p < 0.001). The Ag-NOR regions were often observed in nuclei in areas where nucleoli themselves were invisible. It is suggested that this method is useful in diagnostic histopathology and in differentiation of the grade of lymphomas.
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions in lymphomas: a quantitative study. 823 51

This paper gives a survey of malignant Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of joints. Primary and secondary malignant lymphomas of joints are rare. Our analysis of 6 years', new entries in the lymph node register in Kiel, covering 37.367 cases of malignant lymphomas, revealed only 20 cases (0.05%) with infiltration of joints. Slightly more men than women (1.18:1) are actually affected by articular lymphomas. In addition to 34 articular lymphomas of joints described in the literature between 1974 and 1992, we analyse 2 cases seen in our own institute and the 20 cases taken from the Kiel lymph node register. The peak incidence is between 40 and 60 years of age. One of our own cases, a woman of 92, is the oldest person ever affected. The most frequent localizations of NHLs are the knee, hip, and shoulder joints, with low-grade lymphomas predominating. Osteolytic lesions on radiographs are of decisive clinical and diagnostic significance for malignant articular lymphomas with affected bones. Lymphomas of joints are treated almost exclusively by radiation and chemotherapy, and sometimes a combination of both. Decisive prognostic significance attaches to the grade of malignancy and the fact of primary or secondary infiltration of the synovium and of the bone. The average survival time for patients with low-grade NHLs is 19 months with infiltration of the synovium and 27 months with infiltration of joint forming bones only, whereas the average survival time for patients high-grade lymphomas is 8 months with infiltration of the synovium and 11 months with infiltration only of joint-forming bones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the joint. Report of two cases, review of the literature and problems of classification]. 823 78

Multinucleated giant cells resembling Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells are occasionally observed in high-grade lymphomas of the large-cell or immunoblastic type, but much less commonly in low-grade lymphomas. This study was conducted to determine whether RS-like cells found in seven B-cell low-grade lymphomas were immunologically similar to the neoplastic cells in the lymphoma or to the true RS cells seen in Hodgkin's disease, and whether they were therefore indicative of a composite lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections of the seven low-grade (one small lymphocytic, one mantle zone, and five follicular) lymphomas with a panel of antibodies reactive with leukocyte common antigen (LCA), B-cell, T-cell, and Hodgkin's disease associated antigens. The RS-like cells were reactive with LCA (four of six), L26 (seven of seven), LN1 (five of six), LN2 (two of six), and MB2 (three of six). No positive staining was seen with either Leu-M1 or Ber-H2. The RS-like cells in the mantle zone lymphoma expressed L26, Leu-22, and kappa cytoplasmic light chains. This immunophenotype is similar to that of the neoplastic small lymphocytic cells. One of the low-grade follicular lymphomas progressed to an immunoblastic lymphoma with many RS-like cells. Paraffin immunohistochemistry on both lesions revealed a similar B-cell phenotype for the RS-like cells. Immunogenetic studies revealed B-cell and bcl-2 gene rearrangements in the immunoblastic lymphoma. These results indicate that RS-like cells in low-grade lymphomas are transformed neoplastic cells of B-cell lineage. With careful morphologic examination augmented by immunohistochemical studies, these lesions can be differentiated from Hodgkin's disease and from composite lymphomas of the combined Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's type.
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PMID:Reed-Sternberg-like cells in low-grade lymphomas are transformed neoplastic cells of B-cell lineage. 832 99

Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus have an increased risk for development of high-grade, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma is a recently described lymphoid neoplasm characterized by cellular pleomorphism, a sinusoidal growth pattern, and Ki-1 epitope reactivity. This type of lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma, melanoma, or malignant histiocytosis. Although persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome frequently have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at extranodal sites, the oral cavity and mandible, in particular, are unusual locations. We report two cases of anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma that occurred in persons with the human immunodeficiency virus and with initial presentation as soft tissue masses of the posterior mandible. Immunocytochemical studies were positive for Ki-1 (CD30) in both cases. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-deoxyribonucleic acid was positive with tumor cells in both cases. Flow cytometry on paraffin, formalin-fixed tissue revealed tetraploidy and high proliferative fractions that are characteristic of high-grade lymphomas. Intraoral presentation of rapidly enlarging, soft tissue masses may represent a high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in persons with the human immunodeficiency virus. Although rare, anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma should be considered and requires immunocytochemical study to eliminate the possibility of other malignant conditions associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:Intraoral presentation of anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma in association with HIV infection. 839 61


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