Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

270 patients with a scintigraphically cold thyroid nodule of sonographically increased (n = 34), diminished (n = 72) or neutral (n = 86) echogenity or cystic criteria (n = 78) were subjected to fine needle aspiration biopsy. This revealed unequivocal malignancy in 8 and follicular neoplasia in another 30 patients, 10 of whom proved to have malignomas on further evaluation. A total of 12 papillary and 2 follicular carcinomas, 2 non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 1 sarcoma and the metastasis of a breast carcinoma were diagnosed. The most sensitive criteria for malignancy were diminished echogenity, an inhomogeneous echo pattern and the occurrence of a solitary nodule. The incidence of malignancy was increased among males but not among especially young persons. There was no sonographic feature that would permit omission of fine needle aspiration.
 ...
PMID:[Sonography and cytology of cold thyroid nodules]. 253 71

Four cases of thyroidectomy for suspected thyroid carcinoma after previous irradiation for Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are reviewed. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 33 years at the time of thyroid surgery with an average latency period of 12 years (range, 8-20 years) from radiation therapy to thyroidectomy. All patients had a clinically palpable thyroid nodule, and pathologically showed a pattern of multiple adenomatous nodules with cytologic atypia. The microscopic changes were sufficiently striking to cause the primary pathologist to request consultation to rule out thyroid carcinoma in each case. Fine-needle aspiration was performed in one case and suggested a thyroid neoplasm. The pathologic findings are reviewed and distinction of this lesion from thyroid carcinoma is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Morphologic changes in the thyroid after irradiation for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 274 76

The fine needle aspiration cytology of a thyroid nodule in a 19-year-old female showed Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell variants in clusters, thereby suggesting the possibility of syncytial variant of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease (NSHD). A similar picture was observed on imprint smears of an excised cervical lymph node, the histology of which confirmed the original diagnosis. Following chemotherapy, the nodule disappeared. The patient was spared major thyroid surgery. It is important to recognize the rare morphologic variants and unusual clinical presentations of common diseases in order to perform appropriate studies that will ensure that the patient receives the best clinical management. Morphologic clues that should arouse the cytopathologist's awareness of this rare variant of NSHD are presented.
 ...
PMID:Syncytial variant of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease presenting as a thyroid nodule. A case report. 776 49

Two patients with unusual Hodgkin's disease who initially had a painless, solitary, thyroid cold nodule are described. Fine-needle aspiration revealed lymphocytic thyroiditis in one patient and a diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease was made 1 year later. In the second patient, aspiration of the nodule demonstrated a syncytial variant of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease. Both patients underwent radiologic work-up, and surgery of the thyroid was avoided. After chemotherapy, both thyroid nodules disappeared. Thyroid involvement by Hodgkin's disease may be more common than anticipated, and may present atypically as a solitary thyroid nodule. Lymphocytic thyroiditis may accompany the disease and may cause a delay in the diagnosis. Recognition of this entity and the use of fine-needle aspiration may prevent unnecessary thyroid surgery, thus maintaining intact thyroid function after therapy.
 ...
PMID:Hodgkin's disease presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule. 789 34

A very rare association of non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism due to nodular goiter with isolated bilateral non-Hodgkin's ocular lymphoma is described. A 66-year-old woman presented with bilateral proptosis, marked periocular swelling, conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis, severe extraocular muscle impairment with diplopia. Thyroid function tests showed normal free thyroid hormone concentrations with undetectable serum thyrotropin levels. Patient was placed on antithyroid drug treatment, ocular conditions deteriorated. More than two years later, when first seen in our institution, orbital CT scan showed the presence of a retro-ocular mass that, at biopsy, proved to be B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, apparently with no localization in other sites. Thyroid evaluation revealed subclinical hyperthyroidism due to an autonomous thyroid nodule in the left lobe of the gland. Radiotherapy of the orbit was followed by a dramatic regression of lymphoma, but further staging some months later showed involvement of several abdominal lymph node structures. This case underscores the need of a thorough diagnostic work-up of ocular disease resembling Graves' ophthalmopathy, even when it is bilateral and associated with overt or subclinical hyperthyroidism.
 ...
PMID:Non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism associated with isolated bilateral ocular lymphoma mimicking Graves' disease with ophthalmopathy: a cause of misdiagnosis. 878 62

Treatment for Hodgkin's disease (HD) is associated with a variety of thyroid abnormalities, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid neoplasms. Due to the small sample size and short follow-up time of most published studies, it has been difficult to appreciate the full extent of the problem and to characterize the interaction between various patient and treatment variables. To overcome these limitations we have assessed thyroid status in 1,791 (959 males) HD survivors from among 13,674 participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a cohort of 5-yr survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1986. Thyroid abnormalities were ascertained as part of a 22-page questionnaire sent to participants. Survivors were a median of 14 yr (range, 2-20 yr) at diagnosis of HD and a median of 30 yr (range, 12-47 yr) at follow-up. Seventy-nine percent of subjects were treated with radiation (median dose of radiation to the thyroid, 3,500 cGy; range, 0.37-5,500 cGy). Control data were available from 2,808 (1,346 males) sibling controls. Thirty-four percent of the entire cohort has been diagnosed with at least one thyroid abnormality. Hypothyroidism was the most common disturbance, with a relative risk of 17.1 (P < 0.0001) compared to sibling controls. Increasing dose of radiation, older age at diagnosis of HD, and female sex were all independently associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism. Actuarial risk of hypothyroidism for subjects treated with 4,500 cGy or more is 50% at 20 yr from diagnosis. Hyperthyroidism was reported by 5% of survivors, which was 8-fold greater (P < 0.0001) than the incidence reported by the controls. Thyroid dose of 3,500 cGy or more was the only risk factor identified for hyperthyroidism. The risk of thyroid nodules was 27 times (P < 0.0001) that in sibling controls. Female sex and radiation dose to the thyroid of 2,500 cGy or more were independent risk factors for thyroid nodules. The actuarial risk of a female survivor developing a thyroid nodule is 20% at 20 yr from diagnosis. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 20 survivors, which is 18 times the expected rate for the general population. After taking into account the possibility that some of the relative risk estimates may be exaggerated due to ascertainment bias, abnormalities of the thyroid are still extremely common in young adult survivors of childhood HD, particularly among females treated with high doses of radiation to the neck.
 ...
PMID:Abnormalities of the thyroid in survivors of Hodgkin's disease: data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. 1099 13

This study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of the incidental diagnosis of extrathyroidal lymph node diseases at ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy/cytology (FNAB/C) being done to check the presence of metastatic thyroid cancer in 30 subjects with thyroid nodule (TN) and enlarged cervical lymph nodes (CLN). The patients in whom cytology suggested the presence of malignancy in the TN or in the CLN underwent surgical removal for histologic diagnosis. The spectrum of diseases revealed by this survey included: (1) 10 benign diseases including 1 case of Piringer-Kuchinka lymphadenitis with benign TN; (2) 10 metastatic thyroid cancers (2 anaplastic and 8 papillary cancers); (3) 3 benign TN associated with metastatic invasion of cervical lymph nodes from lung (2 cases) and breast (1 case) cancer; (4) 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma of the cervical lymph nodes with hyperplastic TN; (5) 3 nodal lymphomas with benign thyroid nodule and 2 cases of thyroid lymphoma with nodal invasion; and (6) 1 nodal sarcoidosis with benign TN. The results of this study demonstrate that important neoplastic and hematologic diseases affecting the cervical lymph nodes may frequently be incidentally detected using ultrasonography (US) and FNAB/C in the diagnostic procedure for thyroid nodule.
 ...
PMID:High frequency of incidental diagnosis of extrathyroidal neoplastic diseases at the fine-needle aspiration biopsy of laterocervical lymph nodes in patients with thyroid nodules. 1127 99

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has been established as a distinct entity among non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and the most common primary site is the stomach. We describe scintigraphic findings in a patient with MALT lymphoma of the thyroid. A 71-year-old woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis suffered from rapid cervical swelling, and ultrasonography and CT revealed a thyroid nodule. The nodule showed accumulation of 99mTc pertechnetate comparable to the surrounding thyroid tissue, mimicking a benign nodule. Both 67Ga and 201Tl imaging visualized the lesion as an increased uptake area. After radiotherapy, abnormally increased uptake disappeared on 67Ga images, which predicted a favorable outcome. MALT lymphoma of the thyroid may be visualized as a warm nodule on 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraphy.
 ...
PMID:Scintigraphic findings of MALT lymphoma of the thyroid. 1212 99

Use of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) in patients with known thyroid cancer is well documented, but the role of this imaging modality in the initial workup of a thyroid nodule has not been defined. The incidental finding of a hypermetabolic focus in the thyroid on F-18 FDG PET in patients with a variety of primary malignancies is reported. Based on the authors' literature search, this is the first documented case of a thyroid cancer resulting from papillary carcinoma detected in a patient with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:Fortuitous detection of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with F-18 FDG positron emission tomography in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 1297 10

Clinically diagnosed metastasis to the thyroid gland is exceptionally rare and may present diagnostic issues on fine needle aspiration. The most common primary sites of metastases to the thyroid are cancers of the lung, breast, skin (especially melanoma), colon, and kidney. Herein, we report a case of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma to the thyroid presenting as a 2.1-cm solid nodule in a 50-year-old male with a previous history of Merkel cell carcinoma of the upper extremity. The aspirates were moderately to highly cellular featuring small to intermediate sized cells with scant to no cytoplasm, round-to-oval nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin, and predominantly arranged as scattered single cells. There was focal nuclear molding, numerous mitoses, and karyorrhectic nuclei. The differential diagnosis centered on the "small round blue cell" tumor group such as medullary thyroid carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, in light of our patient's previous history, the FNA findings were most consistent with a metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma. In patients with a known history of a primary neoplasm, the differential diagnosis of a thyroid nodule should always include potential metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Merkel cell carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid gland: Aspiration findings and differential diagnosis. 2008 38


1 2 Next >>