Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five anterior mediastinal tumors were biopsied with a fine needle under ultrasound guidance. All the tumors were solid, hypoechoic, perivascularly situated masses. Their mean diameter was 7.2 cm. Cytologically there were 2 mediastinal metastatic carcinomas, 1 poorly differentiated carcinoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 germ-cell tumor (embryonal cell carcinoma), and 1 malignant lymphoma or thymoma. There were no complications. Ultrasound-guided anterior mediastinal aspiration biopsy is a safe and rapid procedure in the evaluation of anterior mediastinal masses. Biopsy of a mediastinal mass enables simultaneous diagnosis and staging. Mediastinoscopy and diagnostic thoracotomy can be avoided.
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PMID:Ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses. 164 24

The results of 143 transthoracic needle biopsies (TNBs) in 126 patients with anterior mediastinal masses were compared with the final diagnosis, which was proved with pathologic study (n = 95) or clinicoradiologic methods (n = 31). In the 26 patients with lymphoma, the sensitivity of TNB was 42%; the specificity, 96%. In the 15 patients with Hodgkin disease, the sensitivity was 20%. In the 28 patients with thymoma, the sensitivity was 71%; the specificity, 94%. In the 11 patients with germ cell tumors, the sensitivity was 91%; specificity, 98%. The sensitivity in the 33 patients with metastatic disease was 70%; specificity, 100%. The cytologic specimens were examined with light microscopy and the Papanicolaou method only, a limitation that explains the difficulty in differentiating lymphoma from thymoma and that can now be overcome with immunohistochemical study. TNB of anterior mediastinal masses is useful in metastatic disease and germ cell tumors. Lymphoma and thymoma are less reliably diagnosed unless immunohistochemical cytologic methods are applied.
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PMID:Anterior mediastinal masses: utility of transthoracic needle biopsy. 164 39

The pattern of occurrence of mediastinal masses has to be taken into account when treating and approaching these lesions. In most reported series tumors of neural or germinal origin and thymomas are predominant. We reviewed the records of 277 patients operated for primary mediastinal lesions over the last 25 years (1965-1989) in our center. Surprisingly (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's) lymphomas (24-25%) were found to emerge as the most common tumors in our series, whereas tumor of neural (11%) and germinal (65%) origins were relatively rare and decreasing in incidence. Thymomas (17%) and mediastinal cysts (14%) occurred as predicted in the literature. Consequently the malignancy rate was high (53%) even in asymptomatic patients (18%). Similar findings have been described recently by others. Factors responsible for this new distribution are difficult to identify. The therapeutic implications of the changes are discussed.
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PMID:[Incidence of primary mediastinal lesions: change in the profile and therapeutic implications]. 186 49

The clinical and pathologic features in 18 cases of multilocular thymic cyst (MTC) of the anterior mediastinum unassociated with Hodgkin's disease or seminoma were studied. The majority of cases were asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on routine chest x-ray. Several patients presented with acute symptoms of chest pain or discomfort, sometimes associated with dyspnea. Two cases had an incidental thymoma, and two had an incidental thymic carcinoma. The main histologic features of MTC included the following: multiple cystic cavities partially lined by squamous, columnar, or cuboidal epithelium (some having features of Hassall's corpuscles); scattered nests and islands of non-neoplastic thymic tissue within the cyst walls, often continuous with the cyst lining; severe acute and chronic inflammation accompanied by fibrovascular proliferation, necrosis, hemorrhage, and cholesterol granuloma formation; and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with prominent germinal centers. These features suggest that MTC most likely results from the cystic transformation of medullary duct epithelium-derived structures (including Hassall's corpuscles) induced by an acquired inflammatory process. The changes are similar to those sometimes seen in association with thymic Hodgkin's disease and thymic seminoma, which are also probably due to the inflammation that accompanies these tumors rather than to the tumors themselves. We believe that MTC is pathogenetically analogous to a variety of cystic conditions of the head and neck region, for which the common denominator seems to be the induction of cystic transformation in ductular epithelial formations of branchial pouch or related derivation by an acquired inflammatory process.
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PMID:Multilocular thymic cyst: an acquired reactive process. Study of 18 cases. 172 99

A 31-year-old male was diagnosed to have malignant thymoma with superior vena cava occlusion. At operation, we performed extended resection of tumor and superior vena cava, and replacement with ringed PTFE graft. Histological diagnosis was nodular sclerotic type of Hodgkin's disease of thymus. He received radiation with Liniac and chemotherapy post operatively, and post operative venography revealed graft patent. He is doing well 3 years after surgery.
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PMID:[Replacement of superior vena cava with resection of Hodgkin's disease of the thymus: a case report]. 235 95

Fifteen cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the anterior mediastinum are reported. In the first group of four, fresh tissue was available and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated their B-cell origin, with monotypic immunoglobulin production in two. Only fixed tissue was available in the second group of 11 patients. All stained with antibody to leucocyte common antigen (PD7/26) and three showed monotypic immunoglobulin production. If the two groups are combined seven of the 15 tumours were clearly of B-cell origin. Classification on morphological grounds was difficult, with most tumours showing mixtures of centroblasts and large centrocytes, and the original diagnoses had included Hodgkin's disease (three), thymoma (one) and undifferentiated carcinoma (two). None of the patients had evidence of extra-thoracic disease at presentation and when this developed the organs involved were liver (one), kidney (two) and thyroid (one). Direct extension within the chest led to infiltration of chest wall, sternum, lung, superior vena cava and other structures. The site of origin, lack of nodal involvement and, in one case, presence of residual thymus around the tumour indicate an origin in thymic B-cells.
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PMID:Large cell lymphoma of the mediastinum: a B-cell tumour of probable thymic origin. 242 30

The histologic and immunologic features of an unusual morphologic expression of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, which ahs been termed the "syncytial variant," are described. In biopsy material from 18 cases, numerous Reed-Sternberg cell variants were observed in sheets and cohesive clusters, and at least focal evidence of nodular sclerosis was present in each case. The granulocyte antibody anti-Leu M1 reacted with antigenic determinants in Reed-Sternberg cells and atypical variants thereof in 13 of the 18 cases; the lack of staining with antibodies reactive with the leukocyte common (T200) antigen (PD7/26), keratin (AE1), and S100 protein (polyclonal anti-S100) was helpful in excluding non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, carcinoma, and melanoma, respectively. This unusual form of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease is important to recognize, since it may simulate metastatic neoplasms, thymoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:The "syncytial variant" of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. 242 45

Mediastinal large cell lymphoma with sclerosis (MLCLS) is a recently described entity characterized by its locoregional extension, within the anterior mediastinum, and its B cell origin, although the proliferation arises from the thymus. It has been, in the past, often mistaken for other tumors of the anterior mediastinum: invasive thymoma, Hodgkin's disease, poorly differentiated clear cell carcinoma and seminoma, thus leading to inappropriate therapeutic approaches. We diagnosed 6 cases of MLCLS in 1986 and 1987, in 4 males and 2 females, aged 16 to 44 (mean 27). Five of the 6 patients presented with a compressive anterior mediastinal mass, dyspnea, dysphonia, superior vena cava syndrome and parietal protrusion (3 cases). The CT scan confirmed the invasive and compressive characters of the tumor. Two patients initially had disseminated disease. Microscopically, the proliferation was composed of large clear cells, and segmented by bands of sclerosis. Immunologic studies demonstrated the B origin of the tumor cells. All 6 patients received combination therapy with an intensive CHOP protocol (L N H 84 Lyon). The first patient was initially operated, after a false frozen section diagnostic of thymoma. Resistance to chemotherapy (and rapid death within 2 months) was seen in 2 cases. On patient had a partial remission and 3 entered complete remission, of 5+, 10+ and 11 months duration, respectively, with central nervous system relapse in the latter case. Excavation of the tumor on CT scan imaging seemed to be a poor prognostic factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Large B cell lymphoma of the mediastinum. 6 cases]. 265 64

We report two cases of pemphigus vulgaris associated with internal malignancies. The former was a 56 year-old man who developed pemphigus shortly after non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been formed. The latter was a 69 year-old woman who presented pemphigus and gastric carcinoma in the same time. In order to clarify the relationships between all forms of pemphigus and malignancy or thymoma, a search of the world literature was carried out. We found 44 reports of the association of pemphigus with internal malignancy and with benign or malignant thymoma. The key problem that needs to be resolved is whether there is a causal relationship or whether these are only occasional coincidental findings.
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PMID:[Pemphigus and neoplasia. 2 new clinical cases and a review of the literature]. 267 Jul 56

Thirty-one children with mediastinal abnormalities--14 malignant lymphomas, 4 other primary malignancies, one metastatic and 12 benign lesions--were examined one or several times using CT, which proved to be effective especially for cysts (5 patients), ductus arteriosus aneurysm (2 patients), and intrathoracic liver (one patient). It also supplied important diagnostic information regarding the extent of disease in malignant thymoma (one patient), in neurinoma (one patient), and in Hodgkin's lymphoma (5 patients). It was found to be useful in the monitoring of treatment of patients with lymphomas, in which a small residue, probably a fibrotic remnant, was invariably seen after completion of chemotherapy and irradiation. It was concluded that when the residue was enlarged, the possibility of relapse and even thymic hyperplasia should be considered. However, if CT was performed under general anaesthesia pseudo-widening of the anterior mediastinum could simulate recurrence. Surgical biopsy was found to be necessary in these cases because fine-needle aspiration biopsy was unsuccessful.
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PMID:Computed tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal abnormalities in children. 296 32


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