Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline widely used in the treatment of leukaemias, lymphomas and solid tumors. Doxorubicin cannot pass into the cerebrospinal fluid. Nitrosoureas are known to be lipophilic and to be able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. CCNU is a nitrosourea used to treat Hodgkin's disease, brain tumors and other solid tumors. The authors have previously reported on the nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of these drugs; the present paper reports their findings on haematotoxicity in female Wistar rats. In one group 40 rats received 10 mg/kg doxorubicin. In a second group 40 rats received 20 mg/kg CCNU, and a further 40 rats received 50 mg/kg CCNU. In a third group 60 rats received the association doxorubicin 10 mg/kg plus CCNU 20 mg/kg. Blood counts were performed on days 4, 8, 15, 21 and 28 after treatment. Leucopenia and severe thrombocytopenia were noted after doxorubicin administration. A biphasic decrease in the leucocyte count was observed after CCNU treatment. More severe alterations were observed when doxorubicin and CCNU were combined. Very few data on haematological abnormalities following treatment of human patients have been published. Similarities can be seen between the haematological side-effects noted in rats and those occurring in humans treated with these cytotoxic drugs. Female Wistar rats seemed to be a good model to evaluate the haematological tolerance of anthracycline, nitrosoureas or of their association. If multiple courses of these drugs have to be administered, the evolution of haematological alterations must be known: the decrease phase of blood cells is followed by a rebound phase. The drug should be avoided during this phase of granulocyte activation.
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PMID:Haematotoxicity of doxorubicin and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) and of their association in rats. 342 23

Phagocytosis of platelets by Kupffer cells has long been suspected in immune thrombocytopenia. We describe a patient with Hodgkin's disease who also had immune thrombocytopenia. Surface localization studies with chromium 51-labeled platelets showed predominant hepatic localization of radioactivity, and the thrombocytopenia did not respond to splenectomy. Subsequent chemotherapy with immunosuppressive drugs led to remission of the thrombocytopenia. In this patient, phagocytosis of platelets by Kupffer cells was demonstrated by electron microscopy, and the degree of platelet phagocytosis in the liver was greater than in the spleen. This provides direct evidence that, at least in some cases of immune thrombocytopenia, platelets are phagocytosed by Kupffer cells.
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PMID:Phagocytosis of platelets by Kupffer cells in immune thrombocytopenia. 357 14

Peripheral blood changes preceding therapy-related leukemia were studied in 105 patients who had received cytotoxic therapy, 53 for Hodgkin's disease and 52 for other cancers. Preleukemic anomalies were observed in 74.3% of the cases, appearing after a mean interval of 68.7 months after diagnosis of the initial cancer. This interval was only 57.5 months in patients aged 50 years or older and only 42.3 months in patients with Hodgkin's disease having received cytotoxic therapy for 6 months or less. The first changes most frequently observed were pancytopenia (24.8%) and isolated erythrocyte abnormalities such as anemia or macrocytosis (18.1%). Involvement of two cell lines, isolated thrombocytopenia or leukopenia, circulating immature cells, monocytosis, leukocytosis, or thrombocytosis were also observed. Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome was recognized in 19 patients and myelofibrosis in 3. Median duration of the preleukemic phase was 6 months; 9 months in cases of isolated erythrocyte involvement and 5 months in the other cases. Myelomonocytic or monoblastic leukemia appeared less frequently when the first sign involved erythrocytes only. Hematological surveillance thus appears necessary in all patients having received cytotoxic therapy. Bone marrow study with cytogenetic examination should be performed in cases of persistent peripheral blood abnormalities.
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PMID:Preleukemic changes in cases of nonlymphocytic leukemia secondary to cytotoxic therapy. Analysis of 105 cases. 373 Oct 20

A phase II clinical trial of mitoxantrone in refractory or relapsed malignant lymphomas was conducted by a cooperative study involving 17 institutions. Of 46 patients entered, 33 were evaluable for responses and toxicity. Thirty-one of the 33 had been previously exposed to adriamycin at a median dose of 220 mg/m2 (range 21-489 mg/m2), and two additional patients had each been given THP-adriamycin at a dose of 80 mg/m2 or 4'-epi adriamycin at a dose of 69 mg/m2. Mitoxantrone was administered in 3 different schedules: 8-12 mg/m2, every 3-4 weeks in 23 patients; 4-6 mg/m2, weekly, in 3 patients; and 2-4 mg/m2, for 5 days, in 7 patients. Summarizing the responses obtained in the 3 schedules, there were 2 partial responders among 5 with Hodgkin's disease, while there were 8 complete responders and 4 partial responders among 28 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The overall response rate for all the evaluable patients was 42% with a complete response rate of 24%. The median response duration was 7+ weeks (range 4-27+ weeks) for complete responders and 7 weeks (range 4-46+ weeks) for partial responders. The major toxicity was myelosuppression: leukocytopenia less than 3,000/microliter occurred in 79% of patients, and thrombocytopenia less than 75,000/microliter in 35%. Other toxic effects were minimal, mild nausea and/or vomiting occurred in 39%, and diarrhea in 3%. Possible drug-related liver and renal dysfunctions were observed in 19% and 10%, respectively. The favorable response to mitoxantrone in patients with prior anthracycline antibiotic therapy suggests that the drug is not fully cross-resistant with anthracycline antibiotics, and that this drug is of value in combination with other drugs as a salvage therapy for patients with refractory or relapsed malignant lymphomas.
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PMID:[A phase II study of mitoxantrone in refractory and relapsed malignant lymphomas. Cooperative Study Group of Mitoxantrone in Malignant Lymphomas]. 375 26

Thrombocytopenic purpura of the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) type is an unusual and poorly documented complication of Hodgkin's disease. In an eight year period, three patients out of 140 with Hodgkin's disease developed thrombocytopenia; two of them presented a clinical picture undistinguishable from classic ITP. In both platelet antibody could be demonstrated. The third patient developed thrombocytopenia during an acute exacerbation of the underlying disease. Successful therapy of thrombocytopenia was achieved by methylprednisolone alone in one case and by cyclophosphamide in combination with methylprednisolone in the other two cases. These case reports demonstrate again that thrombocytopenia in Hodgkin's disease take place in active phases as well as in periods of complete remission; in the latter thrombocytopenia may reflect a part of immunological imbalance closely related to the pathophysiological background of Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:[Immune thrombocytopenia in Hodgkin's disease]. 376 88

Ten patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), six untreated and four with previous chemotherapy, were treated with TA-077, a new derivative of nitrosourea. Partial remission was observed in three untreated cases (30%) of NHL [Case 1: 71-year-old female with B cell lymphoma/diffuse small cell type, Case 2: 79-year-old male with T cell lymphoma/diffuse large cell type, and Case 3: 64-year-old female with adult T cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL)]. Remission durations were as follows: Case 1; 33 days, Case 2; 38 days and Case 3; 14 days. Side effects were transient anorexia (40%), nausea & vomiting (30%), liver dysfunction (10%) and delayed hematological toxicities (80%). Hematological toxicities consisted of leukocytopenia (80%), thrombocytopenia (60%) and anemia (20%). Our study suggests that TA-077 is a useful agent as one of the drugs used in combination chemotherapy against NHL, since it was effective for refractory T cell malignancies such as ATLL.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of TA-077 in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas]. 377 56

Clinical studies of combination therapy with chemotherapeutic agents and interferon (IFN) were performed. Seventeen patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 2 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were treated by combination chemotherapy (COPP or CHOP), and then received 300 X 10(4) U of alpha-IFN daily for 14 days. Complete remission was seen in 11 of 15 evaluable patients with NHL and both of 2 patients with HD. Myelosuppression such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia was observed in half of the patients. Other side effects were fever, liver dysfunction, alopecia, and peripheral neuropathy. However, all these side effects were mild and well tolerated even in elderly patients.
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PMID:[A preliminary study of chemo-interferon therapy in malignant lymphoma]. 380 Apr 2

A 72-year-old female is described in whom immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and fever were the presenting features of stage IIB Hodgkin's disease (HD) of the nodular sclerosis type. Thrombocytopenia resolved following steroid therapy, and after having received MOPP chemotherapy the patient is in sustained remission and with normal platelet counts 18 months later. Review of the 35 cases published to date with ITP in HD shows that of 20 patients treated with corticosteroids alone, 14 failed to respond, 2 had a partial response and only 4 patients had a good response. In contrast, of 29 splenectomised patients only 7 failed to respond, 2 had a partial response, and 20 had a good response. The state of activity of HD was closely correlated with the response of thrombocytopenia to treatment by either corticosteroids or splenectomy: only 7 of 17 patients with active HD achieved a resolution of thrombocytopenia as compared to 15 of 17 patients with HD in remission. Thus, control of thrombocytopenia is easier in patients in remission than in patients with active HD, and splenectomy is more efficient in controlling thrombocytopenia than corticosteroids.
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PMID:Corticosteroid responsive immune thrombocytopenia in Hodgkin's disease. 380 66

Three hundred eighty-eight medical records of patients with lymphoma seen between 1971 and 1980 were analyzed for factors related to infection-associated mortality. Infection occurred in 100 patients (36 Hodgkin's lymphoma [HL], and 64 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL]). The overall mortality with infection was 17% (6 of 36) for HL and 52% (33 of 64) for NHL. In patients with NHL mortality correlated with infection in the respiratory tract (P less than or equal to 0.0001), blood (P less than or equal to 0.003), and multiple sites (P less than or equal to 0.0004) and with the following factors: granulocytopenia (P less than or equal to 0.05), thrombocytopenia (P less than or equal to 0.035), and cytotoxic therapy (P less than or equal to 0.034). Patients with HL showed a positive correlation only with staphylococcal infections (P less than or equal to 0.001) and monocytopenia (P less than or equal to 0.01). The above data may be used to generate a risk factor profile of patients at greater risk of mortality associated with such infections. Advance knowledge of such a profile may assist in the clinical management of these high-risk patients.
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PMID:Mortality-associated factors in infected lymphoma patients. 382 63

m-AMSA (4'-[9'-acridinylamino]-methansulfon-m-anisidide) is an acridine derivative which has shown a wide spectrum of activity in preclinical testing. The mechanism of action is thought to be via interference with synthesis and integrity of DNA chains by intercalation between base pairs and external binding. Initial phase I clinical trials revealed granulocytopenia to be the dose limiting toxicity with occasional thrombocytopenia. Phlebitis, liver function abnormalities, and cardiac abnormalities have also been noted. Early reports suggested activity in leukemia and lymphoma. Based on these results ECOG evaluated m-AMSA in a phase II trial of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:m-AMSA in refractory lymphoma. A phase II trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. 384 Jun 44


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