Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with either leukemia or lymphoma were asked if they had close personal associations with other patients before the onset of disease. Iinitial interviews indicated that several patients could be interlinked into social clusters. Tumour-registry records were used to contact each patient (or a surviving relative) diagnosed during the years 1964-73 in three areas of West Virginia. Close personal associations, antedating the onset of disease in 1 or both individuals of each linkage pair, were detected in 14 of 23 (61%), 14 of 22 (68%), and 6 of 8 (75%) patients from these three areas during this ten-year period. In addition, among 28 randomly selected patients with Hodgkin's disease from various parts of the United States, 10 (36%) had direct or indirect close personal associations with 17 other patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Patients with leukemia or lymphoma frequently are interlinked by prior close personal associations to other patients with these diseases.
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PMID:Leukaemia and lymphoma patients interlinked by prior social contact. 4 48

In a sample of 1000 consecutive malignant neoplasms in Saudis resident in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia, malignant lymphoma was the commonest of the life-threatening malignancies. The differences between malignant lymphoma in this sample and Western series include the greater frequency of lymphoma; the tendency for reticulum cell and poorly differentiated lymphomas to present as abdominal lesions; the earlier peak of prevalence of Hodgkin's disease, and the dissimilar proportions of its subtypes. The distribution of cancers in the gastrointestinal tract in our sample is almost the reverse of that encountered in the West in that cancer of the mouth and esophagus were more common than cancer of the lower intestinal tract. Lung cancer was relatively uncommon. The smoking habit is not so prevalent in Saudi Arabia as in the West and there is a need to maintain this situation by discouraging smoking. Cancer of the breast was by far the commonest major malignancy in the female, although most Saudi women have their first child early in their reproductive life. Skin cancers proved to be the most prevalent malignancy, and of these squamous cell carcinoma was the most common. The biases that affect studies such as ours in Saudi Arabia are stressed.
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PMID:Malignant neoplasms in Saudi Arabia. 49 28

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human viral pathogen of considerable importance. More than 95% of the human population world-wide becomes infected with the virus during childhood, although in the West infection may be delayed until adolescence. The infection only has an undesirable significant clinical outcome in a tiny minority of cases, but because the virus is so ubiquitous the minority is numerically very significant. The virus is associated with two important human cancers, endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). These diseases have a very clearly defined geographical distribution in the Third World indicating a strong co-factor dependence. In the West, Epstein-Barr virus infection, when delayed to adolescence, is associated with infectious mononucleosis. The virus is also associated in the West with tumours arising in individuals undergoing immunosuppressive treatment or who are immunosuppressed as a result of HIV infection. More recently evidence has been obtained of an association with Hodgkin's disease which is very common in the West. A number of vaccines have been developed based on the EBV envelope glycoprotein gp340. Vaccination of those populations at risk from developing NPC or BL should lead to a reduction or elimination of these diseases. A safe and effective vaccine may also have a role in the prevention of EBV-related diseases in the West. Recombinant vaccinia, varicella and adenovirus vaccine vectors expressing gp340 are being developed and a recombinant-derived subunit vaccine based on the gp340 molecule is shortly to enter phase I human trials.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus vaccines. 132 99

In this paper, we emphasize the uses of serum banks in cancer research. These include not only case/control studies but also prospective seroepidemiological studies in which the development of a serological marker, such as a viral antibody or viral antigen, can be correlated with the subsequent development of cancer in either an active surveillance program or the use of cancer registries or hospital records. Several different methods of application of the cohort technique are illustrated by studies of hepatitis B antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma and of Epstein-Barr virus in relation to African Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Collections of sera done for one purpose can often be utilized for another purpose, if properly stored and documented. Two examples are tests for human T-cell leukemia virus, type 1, antibody from sera done for a health survey in Barbados approximately 8 years earlier and the use of data determined for a prospective study of the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in West Point Cadets for psychological factors affecting the development of clinical illness among those infected. Archival materials, such as frozen tissues and paraffin sections, may also now be utilized for identifying genomes of potential oncogenic viruses by the polymerase chain reaction.
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PMID:The past is prologue: use of serum banks in cancer research. 139 73

Cancer mortality during 1970-85 of immigrants from East and West Africa and the Caribbean to England and Wales is described. Overall cancer mortality was raised in West African males (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.25-1.54), and non-significantly raised in West African females (RR 1.14, 0.96-1.37) compared to mortality in the England and Wales-born population. Much of the increased risk was due to very high rates of liver cancer in males (RR 31.6, 23.8-41.9), but rates were also raised for a wide range of other cancers in each sex. Only lung and brain cancer had significantly decreased mortality. In East Africans, overall cancer mortality was low in males (RR 0.63, 0.56-0.70), and in females (RR 0.80, 0.72-0.89). Mortality was significantly low for cancers of the stomach, pancreas and testis, and Hodgkin's disease in males, for cervical cancer in females, and for lung cancer and melanoma in both sexes. Cancer sites with significantly raised mortality included oropharyngeal cancer, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma in both sexes. In Caribbean immigrants overall cancer rates were significantly low in males (RR 0.71, 0.68-0.74) and in females (RR 0.76, 0.73-0.80). Mortality was significantly low for many cancers including colorectal, lung, testis and brain cancers. Mortality was significantly raised only for cancer of the prostate in males, of the placenta in females, and of the liver, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in both sexes. Overall, mortality was high from prostatic cancer and liver cancer, and was low from brain cancer, in predominantly ethnic African immigrant groups. Both East and West African immigrants had raised rates of leukaemia. All of the migrant groups had high rates of multiple myeloma and low rates of testicular, ovarian and lung cancer. Genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to these patterns are discussed.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in African and Caribbean migrants to England and Wales. 141 34

This study compares mortality rates for selected causes of death in Kanawha County, West Virginia, to rates reported in a number of geographically defined populations for 1950-1984. Specific conditions selected for study included cancers of the biliary passages and liver, the bladder and other urinary organs, and the central nervous system (CNS), as well as leukemia and aleukemia, lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, and cancer of all other lymphopoietic tissue. The analysis made use of several techniques for the investigation of ecological data, including the modeling of rates using Poission regression. The primary findings of this study concern two subgroups of cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue: (1) leukemia and aleukemia, and (2) lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma. For both subgroups of cancers, white male residents of Kanawha County show evidence of significantly elevated mortality rates over the 35-year period of this study.
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PMID:A comparative ecological study of selected cancers in Kanawha County, West Virginia. 153 57

Using three separate bcl-2 probes, we examined involvement of the bcl-2 gene in Japanese patients with non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas. Of 52 patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), 24 had rearrangements. In a group of 50 patients with diffuse lymphoma, three of 32 patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma had rearrangements. The frequency of rearrangements in each of these groups, as detected by both major and minor breakpoint cluster region probes, was compatible with that found in other Far Eastern studies. However, the difference in frequency between the groups studied in the Far East and the West was significant, and these two geographically distinct populations also displayed a difference in the breakpoint distribution. In the immunophenotype study of 33 patients with FL, the expression of CD10 antigen correlated with bcl-2 involvement, whereas none of the other B markers emerged as parameters to distinguish between the two lymphoma groups; those with, and without, the rearrangements.
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PMID:Geographical aspects of bcl-2 gene involvement in Japanese patients with non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas. 158 86

The purpose of this study is to describe the incidence and survival of childhood cancer in the West Midlands for the period 1980-1984. Proportional breakdown by Asian subgroup is also considered. A total of 587 patients were registered, 49 of them of Asian origin. Breakdown to Asian versus non-Asian subgroups by diagnosis revealed comparatively high rates for Hodgkin's disease, retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma in the Asian patients. However, a deficit of cases was seen for CNS tumours. Comparison of overall age-standardized rates (ASR) for all cancers revealed a substantially lower value compared to that reported for the USA white population but a similar value to the USA black and UK white populations. Diagnostic breakdown revealed that the major difference between the West Midlands Regional Children's Tumour Research Group (WMRCTRG) and the USA white ASR was in the leukaemia and lymphoma group. Overall survival for the series was 56% at 5 years. The poorest prognosis was found in acute myeloid leukaemia, with only 23% of patients surviving at 5 years, against 62% in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. CNS tumours also had a poor outcome, with an overall survival rate of 47%, although certain individual diagnoses were more favourable. We observed a 100% survival rate in Hodgkin's disease up to 5 years from diagnosis, and both Wilms' tumour and retinoblastoma had 90% survival rates.
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PMID:Childhood cancer in the West Midlands: incidence and survival, 1980-1984, in a multi-ethnic population. 158 36

Thirty-nine Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome (TSS) patients. 19 males and 20 females, aged 13 to 69 years, with a mean age of 44.4 years, seen over a two-year period, January 1987 to December, 1988, at the consultant Medical Out-patient Clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, were retrospectively studied. The aetiopathogenetic basis of the syndrome was briefly reviewed. The implications of the probable extent of this medical problem TSS in the tropics was emphasized. The spectrum of clinical presentation, haematological picture and results of other investigations were reviewed. An attempt was made to possibly distinguish TSS from such other similarly presenting conditions as Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Chronic granulocytic leukaemia and Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, on clinical grounds and simple laboratory data that can be easily available to the tropical physician. The probable complications of TSS, the ease of treatment and the impressive results of therapy were highlighted. The place of the different antimalarial chemoprophylactic agents in the treatment of TSS was reviewed. Finally, the question of the appropriate duration of therapy for TSS was entertained.
West Afr J Med
PMID:Tropical splenomegaly syndrome in Nigerian adults. 163 45

We present here the results of the largest study of childhood cancer and ethnic group in Britain, based on 7,658 children treated at paediatric oncology centres throughout the country. Incidence rates could not be calculated and so relative frequencies were analysed by the log-linear modelling method of Kaldor et al. (1990) with allowance made for regional variations in the ages and diagnostic groups of the children included in the study. Children of Asian (Indian sub-continent) and West Indian ethnic origin had similar patterns of incidence for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to White Caucasians. There was a significant excess of Hodgkin's disease among Asian children compared with Caucasians with an estimated relative risk (RR) of 2.09; this excess was greatest in the 0-4 age group (RR = 6.67). There were significant deficits of Wilms' tumour and rhabdomyosarcoma among Asian children, each with a frequency around half that among Caucasians, whereas West Indians had a significant excess of Wilms' tumour (RR = 2.55). Asian and West Indian children each had a non-significant twofold RR for unilateral retinoblastoma. The results suggest that the incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is associated with environmental determinants in the country of residence which are most likely to relate to lifestyle factors. The occurrence of retinoblastoma, Wilms' tumour and Hodgkin's disease in early childhood is apparently related more to ethnicity than to geographical location and may reflect genetic factors or environmental exposures specific to the lifestyle of particular ethnic groups.
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PMID:Childhood cancer and ethnic group in Britain: a United Kingdom children's Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG) study. 165 82


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