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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The natural development of cancers as well as the measures to fight the disease are often long processes that require decades of follow up. Available information on long-term survival will thus often appear outdated and irrelevant. A few years ago, period-survival analysis was proposed as a means to obtain more up-to-date information on long-term cancer survival. This article assesses period and conventional cohort-based survival analyses on their ability to predict future survival. Based on historical data from the nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry 5-, 10- and 15-year relative survival actually observed for patients diagnosed at one particular point in time are compared to the most recent period and cohort-based survival estimates available at that point in time. The study shows that period analysis can, in most cases, be used to provide more up-to-date long-term estimates of cancer survival. Period analysis reduces the time lag of the survival estimates by some 5-10 years for all cancers combined and especially affects the survival estimates for small intestine carcinoids, meningioma and intracranial neurinoma of the brain, non-seminoma testicular cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:Up-to-date long-term survival of cancer patients: an evaluation of period analysis on Swedish Cancer Registry data. 1517 96

We used the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to examine the risk for testicular cancer in offspring through parental and sibling probands. Among 0-68-year-old offspring, 4082 patients had testicular cancer in years 1961-2000, among whom 68 (1.67%) had an affected father/brother. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for familial risk were four-fold when a father and nine-fold when a brother had testicular cancer. Histology-specific risks (for the testicular cancer) were similar for sons of affected fathers, but were higher among brothers for teratoma and seminoma than for mixed histologies. Standardized incidence ratios for either histology depended on the age difference between the brothers: 10.81 when the age difference was less than 5 years compared to 6.69 for a larger age difference. Parental colorectal, pancreatic, lung and breast cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease were associated with seminoma among sons. Seminoma risk was also increased when a sibling had melanoma. Teratoma was associated with parental lung cancer and melanoma. The high familial risk may be the product of shared childhood environment and heritable causes. Familial cases of fraternal pairs with an early-onset teratoma represent a challenge for gene identification.
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PMID:Familial risk in testicular cancer as a clue to a heritable and environmental aetiology. 1571 Dec 82

Our understanding of gonadal pathology has reached its current state as a result of the contributions of numerous outstanding investigators. Knowledge of testicular tumor pathology dates back to the great British workers Percival Pott and Sir Astley Cooper but the single greatest early stride was made with the description in 1906 by the French urologist Maurice Chevassu of the seminoma. The seminal 1946 paper of Nathan B Friedman and Robert A Moore, which segregated out as a distinct entity embryonal carcinoma, is, however, the foundation for the current classification of testicular tumors. In that year Pierre Masson described the distinctive neoplasm, the spermatocytic seminoma. The 1950s saw the publication of an important paper by Frank J Dixon and Dr Moore and they also wrote the first series fascicle on testicular tumors. In this same timeframe, and thereafter, Robert E Scully made significant contributions to testicular pathology, writing the first English language paper on spermatocytic seminoma, describing several subtypes of sex cord tumor, and also the distinctive lesion of intersex, the gonadoblastoma, as well as playing a major role in 1980 in formulating the current classification of premalignant lesions of the testis. The current classification of testicular tumors was arrived at in the early 1970s when the World Health Organization, under the leadership of Dr FK Mostofi, who himself made notable contributions to testicular pathology, devised what is fundamentally the current classification of neoplasms of the male gonad. Although comments on ovarian pathology were made by such legendary figures of earlier times as Giovanni Battista Morgagni and Matthew Baillie, it is only in the mid to later years of the 19th century that contributions, mostly in Europe, began to move knowledge of ovarian pathology to its current state. Thomas Hodgkin, Richard Bright, and Sir James Paget all wrote extensively on ovarian neoplasms. In 1870, Heinrich Waldeyer, and later in that century, another German, Hermann Johannes Pfannenstiel wrote important papers on the surface epithelial tumors. The latter was likely the first to refer to neoplasms now known as of 'borderline malignancy' and also wrote on pseudomyxoma peritonei and other topics. Their work was followed by that of Robert Meyer who made monumental contributions to gynecological pathology, including recognizing the Brenner tumor as a distinctive neoplasm and proposing the first classification of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (arrhenoblastomas). He also coined the term 'disgerminoma' (soon changed to dysgerminoma) for the ovarian tumor that had been described in detail by the French investigator Marcel Chenot 5 years after Chevassu had mentioned the tumor in his paper describing the seminoma. During the Meyer era other significant contributions were made by, among others, Howard C Taylor writing on the borderline tumors and John A Sampson writing on endometriosis and tumors, associated with it. In the second-half of the 20th century major contributions were made by Gunnar Teilum of Denmark and Lars Santesson of Sweden. Dr Teilum delineated the morphologic features of the yolk sac tumor and noted the resemblance of papillary formations within it to the endodermal sinuses of the rat placenta. He also wrote extensively on sex cord tumors in both gonads. At a FIGO meeting in 1961 Dr Santesson played a major role in formulating the first organized classification of the surface epithelial-stromal tumors of the ovary and also promoted the endometrioid carcinoma as a special variant of ovarian cancer. In a career spanning over 50 years, Dr Scully was the architect of the modern classification of ovarian tumors being the driving force behind the influential 1973 World Health Organization classification of them. His many original observations have touched upon virtually all categories of ovarian tumor pathology. His second series fascicle 'Tumors of the Ovaries and Maldeveloped Gonads' utilized the WHO classification and presented a lucid elaboration of his by then vast experience with ovarian tumors. All the above have left a rich legacy which those who follow in their path will be challenged to equal.
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PMID:A brief history of the pathology of the gonads. 1552 87

The aim of this study was to describe time trends in incidence, treatment and survival of children (0-14 years) and young adults (15-24 years) with cancer in an area in the Netherlands with a long registration period. Between 1973 and 1999, the population-based Eindhoven Cancer Registry (ECR) recorded 852 children and 1162 young adults with a malignancy and they were actively followed up until 1 July, 2003. The world standardised incidence rates for both children and young adults showed an increasing trend until 1997 and this flattened off afterwards (estimated annual percentage change [EAPC]=3.1%, P=0.66 for children and EAPC=3.6%, P=0.06 for young adults). Lymphomas in children and testicular malignancies and melanomas in young adults seemed to increase in particular. Better detection probably led to higher completeness for gliomas. Initial treatment for leukaemias and lymphomas in children has changed, protocols prescribe more chemotherapy and less radiotherapy. For all cancers combined, the 10-year survival rate for children significantly improved from 53% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 45-61%) in 1973-1982 to 75% (95% CI 69-81%) in 1993-1999 (P-value<0.05). The 10-year survival rate for young adults significantly improved from 57% (95% CI 49-65%) to 81% (95% CI 77-85%) (P-value<0.05). We demonstrated significantly higher five-year survival rates for children with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and young adults with HD, non-seminoma or melanoma diagnosed in 1993-1999.
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PMID:Increasing incidence and improved survival of cancer in children and young adults in Southern Netherlands, 1973-1999. 1576 53

Testicular lymphoma is a rare clinicopathologic entity that has rapid progression and poor prognosis. This report describes a case of a 62-year-old man who presented with a large testicular tumor and extensive lymphadenopathy along the spermatic cord and gonadal vessels to the renal vein level. Testicular lymphoma was considered, and biopsy confirmed a non-Hodgkin, large, B-cell lymphoma. The distribution of lymphadenopathy differs from that of paraaortic lymph nodes that present as other testicular tumors (seminoma or nonseminoma). The finding may be a useful characteristic for timely diagnosis of testicular lymphoma, although the diagnosis should be suspected in an older patient who presents with a testicular neoplasm and increased lactic dehydrogenase levels but without increased alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin levels.
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PMID:Imaging diagnosis of testicular lymphoma. 1646 83

Approximately 15-25% of male infertility cases carry extensive azoospermic factor (AZF) deletions. Moreover, about 80% of Finnish testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and about 23-25% of TGCTs from other geographic regions carry short and interstitial AZF deletions. In infertility cases the AZF deficiency occurs in the germ cells of the proband father giving rise to mosaic sperm populations comprising non-deleted and deleted sperms. Fertilization of an oocyte by a Y deleted sperm will give rise to an AZF-deleted and infertile F1 male. In TGCTs the AZF deletions take place in the initial stages of embryogenesis producing individuals that are a mosaic of Y deleted and non-deleted cell lineages. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a premalignant lesion that some believe may develop in gonads of male embryos before the ninth week of age due to transformation of a totipotent primordial germ cell. If the transformed cell carries AZF deletions the resultant CIS will also have Y deletions. CIS will differentiate into seminoma or into embryonal carcinoma and non-seminomas in about 1 x 10(-3) of the young adults carrying premalignant CIS outgrowths; if the CIS lesion has AZF deletions the derived forms of testicular cancer will also exhibit these deletions. AZF deletions play no role in the development of testicular cancers. On the other hand, they are a marker of Y chromosome instability and eventually of a more generalized pattern of genome instability associated with the appearance of TGCT. Genetic factors such as malfunction of metabolizing genes, DNA repairing genes, Y-linked or X-linked genes have been considered as possible causes of AZF deletions in testicular cancer. Yet, the exact identification of the genes involved remains elusive. AZF deletions have also been identified in non-Hodgkin lymphomas and in colorectal cancers, two forms of malignancy that have been found to be associated with TGCTs.
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PMID:Y chromosome instability in testicular cancer. 1648 36

We have previously developed two monoclonal antibodies against the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), designated 1H4 and 2B4. Both detect EBNA1 by in situ staining in established EBV-positive tumours, e.g. Hodgkin's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. An association of EBV with other tumours, notably breast carcinomas, has been reported but remains controversial. Using the antibody 2B4, a nuclear protein has been detected in breast carcinomas that were EBV-negative by other methods, suggesting cross-reactivity with a cellular protein. Furthermore, an association of EBV with various other carcinomas has been reported on the basis of 2B4 immunohistochemistry. Here we show that 2B4 also binds to MAGE-4, a cancer testis antigen expressed in a variety of tumour cells, including breast carcinoma, seminoma and EBV-negative cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma. We conclude that the 2B4 antibody is not suitable for the detection of EBV infection but that additional techniques, particularly in situ hybridization for the detection of the EBV-encoded RNAs (EBERs), should be employed to confirm the presence of EBV. Our results add to the evidence indicating that breast cancer is not an EBV-associated disease.
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PMID:The antibody 2B4 directed against the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) detects MAGE-4: implications for studies on the EBV association of human cancers. 1690 94

The association between human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection and the increased incidence of testicular tumors is a recent well-recognized phenomenon. Testicular tumors in the setting of HIV infection are most frequently of germ cell origin, less commonly lymphomas. We are presenting a unique case of testicular non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma with associated atrial mass and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The patient was not known to be HIV positive at the time of presentation. The initial clinical, radiological, and gross pathologic impression was that of seminoma. Discussion of the differential diagnosis and appropriate work up is presented.
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PMID:Primary testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with atrial mass as an initial presentation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 1767 18

Thalassemia represents the world's most common monogenic disease, characterized by absence of or decreased globin chain production. The lifespan of thalassemia patients has been extended as a result of current supportive treatment. We report three cases of cancer (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, and seminoma) in thalassemic patients. Factors that may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer seem to be infections and iron overload through mechanisms of oxidative damage; immunomodulation or coexistence of the two diseases may only be coincidental.
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PMID:Malignancies in beta-thalassemia patients: a single-center experience and a concise review of the literature. 1833 49

Lumbosacral radiculopathy is a rare complication of radiotherapy and may be challenging to differentiate from diagnosis of a tumor recurrence. We reviewed the records of three patients with a past history of cancer and radiotherapy who were referred for suspicion of carcinomatous meningitis on lumbar MRI, but whose final diagnosis was radiation-induced lumbosacral radiculopathy. The three patients developed a progressive lumbosacral radiculopathy at 20, 13, and 47 years after lumbar radiotherapy delivered for renal cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and a seminoma, respectively. MRI showed a diffuse, nodular enhancement of the cauda equina nerve roots on T1 sequences, suggestive of leptomeningeal metastasis. A slowly progressive clinical course over several years and negative cerebrospinal fluid cytologic analysis ruled out the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis. Because of the radiologic findings, a biopsy was performed in two patients. In the first, a biopsy limited to the arachnoid excluded a malignant infiltration. In the second, a biopsy of the enhancing lesions demonstrated spinal root cavernomas. These observations, together with three recent case reports in the literature, delineate a syndrome of "radiationinduced lumbosacral radiculopathy with multiple spinal root cavernomas" that mimics carcinomatous meningitis on MRI. Its diagnosis is important in order to avoid inappropriate treatment and useless or dangerous spinal root biopsies.
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PMID:Postradiation lumbosacral radiculopathy with spinal root cavernomas mimicking carcinomatous meningitis. 1875 18


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